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Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2nd May 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 2nd May 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) THE CASTE CENSUS Category: POLITY Context: Under the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban, Ghaziabad has taken a landmark step by successfully issuing India’s first Certified Green Municipal Bond, raising ₹150 crore for the development of a cutting-edge Tertiary Sewage Treatment Plant (TSTP). Decoding the context: The Green Municipal Bond marked a new chapter in India’s financial landscape, providing a sustainable model for funding urban infrastructure. Learning Corner: Green Municipal Bonds (GMBs) are debt instruments issued by urban local bodies (ULBs) to fund environmentally sustainable and climate-resilient infrastructure projects (e.g., water treatment, renewable energy, waste management). Regulatory Framework: Regulated under SEBI (Issue and Listing of Municipal Debt Securities) Regulations, 2015. Issuers must: Have no negative net worth in the past 3 financial years Have no default in loan repayments in the past year Obtain project-specific third-party green certification (e.g., from Climate Bonds Initiative, CARE Ratings) India’s First Certified Green Municipal Bond Issuer: Ghaziabad Nagar Nigam (GNN), under Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban (SBM-U). Certified By: Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) Details: Issued in 2021, raised ₹150 crore at 8.1% coupon rate; listed on BSE bond platform. Purpose: Funded a Tertiary Sewage Treatment Plant (TSTP) with 40 MLD capacity, serving 1,400+ industrial units via a 95 km pipeline network. Financial Model: Public-Private Hybrid Annuity Model (PPP-HAM), with 40% municipal funding. Impact: Supplies 9.5 MLD treated water to 800+ firms. Significance: First certified GMB in India; demonstrates financial discipline, supports SBM-U’s goal of garbage-free cities by 2026. Source : PIB GREEN HYDROGEN Category: ENVIRONMENT Context: The government launched a green hydrogen certification scheme for producers. Decoding the context:  Renewable energy minister Pralhad Joshi said the scheme is a step towards creating a framework for certifying green hydrogen production and ensuring transparency, traceability and market credibility. Learning Corner: Green hydrogen is a carbon-free fuel produced via electrolysis, splitting water into hydrogen and oxygen using electricity from renewable sources (e.g., solar, wind). Significance: Decarbonization: Reduces CO₂ emissions in industries like steel, transport, and fertilizers; India aims for 5 MMT annual production by 2030 (National Green Hydrogen Mission, NGHM). Energy Security: Cuts fossil fuel imports (₹1 lakh crore savings projected by 2030). Economic Growth: NGHM targets ₹8 lakh crore investments, 6 lakh jobs by 2030. Green Hydrogen Certification Scheme (GHCS) Objective: Establishes a framework to certify green hydrogen production, ensuring transparency, traceability, and market credibility. Scope of Certification Covers: Production stages up to compression and purification of hydrogen. Excludes: Transportation, storage beyond plant boundaries, and conversion into derivatives like green ammonia Key Features: Applies to: Green hydrogen producers availing government incentives under the National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM). Excludes: Exporters not utilizing government incentives. Hydrogen is “green” if emissions are ≤2 kg CO₂e/kg (12-month average). Nodal Agency: Bureau of Energy Efficiency accredits certifying agencies. Type of Hydrogen Production Method Environmental Impact Green Hydrogen Electrolysis of water using renewable energy (solar, wind) Zero-emission Grey Hydrogen Produced from natural gas or methane via steam methane reforming (SMR) High CO₂ emissions Blue Hydrogen Same as grey, but with carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology Lower emissions, but not zero Brown/Black Hydrogen From coal or lignite gasification Most polluting Pink Hydrogen Electrolysis powered by nuclear energy Low carbon (depends on nuclear source) Turquoise Hydrogen Produced via methane pyrolysis (splits CH₄ into H₂ and solid carbon) Still under development; cleaner but technology is nascent Yellow Hydrogen Electrolysis using grid electricity (mixed source, not fully renewable) Emissions depend on the grid mix White Hydrogen Naturally occurring geological hydrogen (rare and not commercially viable yet) Potential future source   Source : Economic Times ZOJILA PASS Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: With the early opening of the Zojila Pass, the Siachen base camp is now open to tourists. Decoding the context: visitors will no longer need prior authorisation or a no-objection certificate (NOC) to access the base camp. Learning Corner:. Zojila Pass (also Zoji La) is a high-altitude mountain pass in the Himalayas, located in Kargil district, Ladakh, at 3,528 meters (11,575 ft) above sea level. Connects Kashmir Valley (Srinagar) with Drass and Indus valleys (Leh) via National Highway 1; second-highest pass after Fotu La on this route. Lies on the western section of the Greater Himalayas. Strategic lifeline for Ladakh, supporting military logistics and civilian connectivity.Vital for troop deployment to Siachen and eastern Ladakh. Challenges: Heavy snowfall closes the pass for 4-6 months annually (typically November-April); avalanches, landslides, and extreme weather (-30°C) pose risks. The Zojila Tunnel Project is under construction to provide all-weather connectivity: Will be Asia’s longest bi-directional tunnel (14.2 km). Aims to reduce travel time between Sonamarg and Drass from 3.5 hours to just 15 minutes. Source : Economic Times ORANGE ECONOMY Category: ECONOMY Context: Prime Minister Modi inaugurated the World Audio Visual and Entertainment Summit (WAVES) 2025 at the Jio World Convention Centre in Mumbai, calling it a transformative platform that unites creators, storytellers, innovators, and policymakers from around the world. Decoding the context: The current era marks the sunrise era of the ‘Orange economy’ in India, the Prime Minister said adding that the three pillars of the Orange economy are content, creativity and culture. Learning Corner: The Orange Economy, also known as the Creative Economy, refers to the sector of the economy that involves creative industries that generate economic value through creativity, cultural knowledge, and intellectual property. Key Components: Arts (performing and visual) Music and film industry Publishing and media Design, fashion Architecture Cultural heritage and tourism Software, video games, and digital content Significance: Job Creation: Offers large-scale employment, especially for youth. Innovation: Encourages entrepreneurship and innovation. Cultural Preservation: Promotes national identity and cultural diversity. Sustainability: Less resource-intensive compared to traditional industries. Gender Inclusion: High participation of women in many creative sectors. India’s Context (2025) Economic Contribution: Contributes $30 billion to India’s GDP, employing 8% of the workforce; creative exports at $11 billion annually. Global Reach: Indian films screened in 100+ countries; OTT industry grew 10x in recent years (PM Modi, WAVES 2025). WAVES 2025 Summit: Held in Mumbai (May 1-4, 2025), hosted 10,000 delegates from 90+ countries. PM Modi emphasized “Create in India, Create for the World,” highlighting the orange economy’s potential to boost GDP. Government Initiatives: $1 billion creative economy fund announced; Indian Institute of Creative Technology (IICT) to be set up in Mumbai with ₹400 crore allocation. Source : Livemint JALAJ INITIATIVE Category: GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Union Jal Shakti Minister reviewed the government’s flagship Jalaj initiative. Decoding the context: Government-backed Jalaj project links river conservation with livelihoods, empowering thousands across India’s major river basins. Learning Corner: The Jalaj Initiative is a flagship program under the National Mission for Clean Ganga (NMCG), implemented by the Wildlife Institute of India (WII).  It aims to establish a symbiotic relationship between rivers and people by integrating aquatic biodiversity conservation with sustainable livelihood generation.  This initiative aligns with the broader vision of Arth Ganga, which seeks to promote a river-centric economic model that balances ecological preservation with economic development. Key Objectives of the Jalaj Initiative Linking Livelihoods with Conservation: Engage local communities in the conservation of the Ganga River basin by connecting their livelihoods with aquatic biodiversity preservation. Establishment of Jalaj Centers: Set up Jalaj centers across the Ganga River. These centers serve as hubs for conservation education, skill development, and livelihood activities. Community Empowerment: Train and mobilize local volunteers, known as Ganga Praharis, to lead conservation efforts and promote sustainable practices within their communities. Promotion of Sustainable Livelihoods: Develop site-specific models based on local skills and resources, including: Eco-tourism activities: Dolphin safaris, river walks, and biodiversity watch programs. Handicrafts and local produce: Production and sale of eco-friendly products like bamboo items, handmade soaps, and traditional edibles. Skill development centers: Training in areas such as sewing, stitching, and food processing. Homestays and wellness centers: Promoting cultural tourism and wellness practices rooted in local traditions. Source : PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1. The ‘Jalaj’ initiative, recently seen in the news, is primarily associated with: A) Promoting inland water transport along the Ganga River. B) Establishing fish farming clusters in the Ganga basin. C) Integrating aquatic biodiversity conservation with sustainable livelihoods for riverine communities. D) Developing hydroelectric power projects on the Ganga River.   Q2. The term “Orange Economy” refers to which of the following? Agriculture-based economic activities involving citrus fruits B. Renewable energy technologies based on solar and wind C. Creative and cultural industries that generate economic value D. Economy based on mining and mineral extraction   Q3. Which of the following statements regarding the Zoji La Pass is/are correct? It connects the Kashmir Valley to Ladakh. It is located in the Eastern Himalayas. The upcoming Zoji La tunnel will provide all-weather connectivity between Sonamarg and Drass. Select the correct answer using the code below: A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  1st May  – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 1st May 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) THE CASTE CENSUS Category: POLITY Context: The government has decided to hold a caste census along with the upcoming Census. Decoding the context: The 2021 Census was delayed by the Covid-19 pandemic, and has been on hold ever since. The exercise is understood to be imminent, but there are no dates for it as yet Learning Corner: The data collected in Censuses since 1951 include the numbers of individuals belonging to the Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), and of various religious denominations. But the members of caste groups other than SCs and STs have not been counted. The most recent caste data available is from the Census of 1931. The 1941 Census, carried out during the War, collected data on caste, but they were never released. Ahead of the first Census of independent India, the government chose to avoid the question of caste. Thereafter, demands for a caste census were repeatedly raised, especially by parties who had a base among Other Backward Classes (OBCs), primarily farming communities and artisans. But no Indian government ever carried out a full count of caste memberships. From Census to SECC In 2010, Law Minister M. Veerappa Moily proposed including caste/community data in Census 2011. The Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (RGI) rejected the proposal citing logistical difficulties. Objections Raised: Census involves enumeration (observational, non-verification based). Enumerators (mainly school teachers) are not trained to verify caste claims. Difficulties in accuracy, analysis, and data verification. Political Response: Due to pressure from UPA allies (e.g., RJD, DMK, JDU) and OBC MPs, a Group of Ministers (GoM) was formed under Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee. Decision – In September 2010, the Union Cabinet approved a separate exercise: Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) to be conducted after Census 2011. Timeline: SECC conducted: June–September 2011 Population enumeration (Census): February–March 2011 The data were published by the Ministries of Rural Development and Urban Development in 2016, but the caste data were excluded. The raw caste data was handed over to the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, which formed an Expert Group under then NITI Aayog Vice Chairperson Arvind Panagariya for classification and categorisation. The data are yet to be made public. Recent developments Of late, several state governments have sought to implement “quota within quota” by subcategorising OBCs based on their own caste censuses, calling them “surveys” because the Census is technically part of the constitutional mandate of the Centre. Earlier, on April 1, 2021, the constitutional body National Commission for Backward Classes had urged the government to collect data on the population of OBCs “as part of Census of India 2021 exercise”. Source : Indian Express BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) have achieved a significant breakthrough in assistive technology for individuals with paralysis. Decoding the context:  They have developed a brain-computer interface (BCI) that allows a paralysed man to control a robotic arm simply by imagining the movements he wishes to execute. Learning Corner: A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a technology that enables direct communication between the human brain and an external device (such as a computer or prosthetic limb), bypassing traditional neural pathways. How It Works: Neural signals (electrical activity in the brain) are detected using electrodes or implants. Signals are decoded using algorithms and converted into commands. These commands control external devices or software (e.g., moving a robotic arm, cursor movement). Types of BCI: Invasive: Electrodes implanted directly into the brain (e.g., Neuralink). Semi-invasive: Electrodes placed on the surface of the brain. Non-invasive: EEG (Electroencephalography) caps worn on the scalp. Applications: Medical: Restoring mobility in paralysis, aiding speech in locked-in syndrome. Military: Human-enhancement and drone control. Neuroprosthetics: Controlling robotic limbs, exoskeletons. Gaming & Communication: Mind-controlled interfaces. Source : The Hindu STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS Category: ENVIRONMENT Context: India has reportedly opposed the inclusion of a hazardous insecticide under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, an international environmental treaty to protect human health and the environment. Decoding the context: The insecticide, Chlorpyrifos, is a chemical linked to adverse effects on neurodevelopment, reduced birth size, lung and prostate cancer upon chronic exposure. Chlorpyrifos has been registered in India under the Insecticides Act since 1977. In 2016-17, chlorpyrifos was the most frequently used pesticide in India, accounting for 9.4 per cent of the total insecticide consumption, according to a report by the International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN). Learning Corner: An international environmental treaty adopted in 2001, entered into force in 2004. Aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) — toxic chemicals that persist, bioaccumulate, and cause adverse effects to human health and the environment. Objectives: Protect human health and the environment from harmful POPs. Eliminate or restrict production and use of intentionally produced POPs. Reduce or eliminate releases from unintentional production. Ensure safe disposal and handling of POP waste. POPs are toxic chemical substances that: Persist in the environment for long periods. Bioaccumulate through the food web. POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings. Travel long distances via air and water. Cause serious health issues — cancers, birth defects, immune & reproductive disorders. Key Provisions: The Stockholm Convention lists chemicals in three annexes: Annex A lists chemicals to be eliminated; Annex B lists chemicals to be restricted; and Annex C calls for minimizing unintentional production and release of listed chemicals. Governance: Overseen by the Conference of the Parties (COP), with the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee (POPRC) assessing new chemicals. The list is updated regularly (now includes 30+ chemicals). Parties must develop National Implementation Plans (NIPs). India and the Convention: India ratified the Convention in 2006. In 2022, India banned the use of several additional POPs under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) are involved in implementation. Additional information –  The “Dirty Dozen” refers to the initial 12 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) identified in the Stockholm Convention, including: Pesticides: DDT, Aldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor, etc. Industrial chemicals: PCBs. By-products: Dioxins, Furans. Other International Conventions dealing with POPs and Pesticides: Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade.  Aim to promote shared responsibilities in relation to importation of hazardous chemicals and contribute safe use. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal.  Aims to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects resulting from the generation, management, transboundary movements and disposal of hazardous and other wastes. Source : Down To Earth SPECIAL 301 REPORT Category: INTERNATIONAL Context: The U.S. once again placed India on its ‘priority watch list’, stating that New Delhi remains one of the world’s most challenging major economies for the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Decoding the context: The U.S. Trade Representative’s (USTR) 2025 Special 301 report, an annual review of the global state of IPR protection and enforcement, said that over the past year, India has remained inconsistent in its progress on intellectual property protection and enforcement. Learning Corner: Special 301 Report is an annual review by the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) assessing global intellectual property rights (IPR) protection and enforcement, mandated under Section 301 of the U.S. Trade Act of 1974. First published in 1989; evaluates over 100 trading partners. Classification in the Report: Priority Foreign Country: Worst classification; may face sanctions (e.g., Ukraine, 2013). Priority Watch List: Serious IPR concerns; intense bilateral engagement (e.g., India, China, 2025). Watch List: Notable IPR issues; requires monitoring (e.g., Brazil, Vietnam, 2025). Source : The Hindu JAGADGURU BASAVESHWARA Category: ART & CULTURE Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi remembered the profound wisdom of Jagadguru Basaveshwara on the occasion of Basava Jayanthi.  Decoding the context: In a social media post, Mr Modi said his vision for society and his tireless efforts to uplift the marginalised continue to guide people. Learning Corner: Basavanna was a 12th-century philosopher, statesman, poet, and social reformer from Karnataka. Minister in the court of Kalachuri King Bijjala I (Kalyani Chalukya Dynasty). He introduced a new public institution Anubhava Mantapa (or, the “hall of spiritual experience”),which welcomed men and women from all socio-economic backgrounds to discuss spiritual and mundane questions of life. Revered as the founder of the Lingayat (Veerashaiva) sect. Philosophy & Teachings Advocated monotheism through worship of Ishtalinga (personal Shiva emblem). Rejected caste system, ritualism, temple-centric worship, and Brahmanical dominance. A strong promoter of ahimsa, he also condemned human and animal sacrifices. Emphasized Kayaka (work ethics) and Dasoha (selfless service). Promoted gender equality and upliftment of marginalized communities. Literary Contributions Composed Vachanas — short, powerful poetic expressions in Kannada, promoting devotion and ethics. Used vernacular language to make spirituality accessible to common people. Legacy Inspired social reform and a non-Brahminical religious movement in Karnataka. Lingayatism remains a major religious community in Karnataka today. Commemorated with Basaveshwara Statue near the Thames, London (2015) — unveiled by PM Narendra Modi. Source : News On AIR Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1. With reference to Basavanna, the founder of the Lingayat movement, consider the following statements: He rejected temple worship and Brahmanical rituals. He propagated his philosophy through Kannada vachanas. He promoted the Varna-based division of society. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Q1. With reference to the “Special 301 Report”, consider the following statements: It is released annually by the World Trade Organization to monitor global trade practices. India has been consistently placed in the Priority Foreign Country category. The report primarily evaluates the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Q1. With reference to the Stockholm Convention, consider the following statements: It is a legally binding international treaty that aims to eliminate or restrict persistent organic pollutants. India is not a party to the Convention and has not taken any legal steps to ban POPs. DDT is one of the chemicals initially listed under the Convention. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  30th April  – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th April 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) MUZIRIS PORT Category: HISTORY Context: Historian M.G.S. Narayanan who played a pivotal role in shaping the Muziris Heritage Project, passed away recently. Decoding the context: A towering figure in Indian academic history, MGS Narayanan undertook a historical enquiry into Kerala’s historical past and debunked several historical myths. He  was the former chairperson of the Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR). Learning Corner: Muziris Port is an ancient port on Kerala’s Malabar Coast (near Kodungallur, Thrissur), active from 3rd century BCE to 4th century CE, known as a hub of the historic spice route. Location: North Paravur-Kodungallur-Mathilakam area (Ernakulam-Thrissur border). Trade: Exported spices (black pepper, cinnamon), pearls, ivory, semi-precious stones; imported gold, wine, olive oil from Romans, Greeks, Persians, and Arabs. Cultural Significance: A cosmopolitan center hosting Christianity (St. Thomas, 52 CE), Judaism, Islam (Cheraman Juma Masjid, 629 CE), and Jainism (Tamil-Brahmi script evidence). Decline: Muziris likely declined due to a massive flood in 1341 CE, which altered the course of the Periyar River, leading to the silting up of the port and the rise of Cochin (Kochi) as a new harbor. Muziris Heritage Project (MHP): Launched in 2009 by Kerala Tourism to conserve 3,000-year-old heritage across 150 sq km. Includes 25+ museums, restored monuments (Paliam Palace, Paravur Synagogue, Cheraman Juma Masjid), and Pattanam excavations. Important Contemporary Ports in India (3rd Century BCE–4th Century CE) Tamralipti (Tamluk, West Bengal): Major eastern port under Mauryas, Guptas; linked to Southeast Asia, China. Traded rice, textiles, spices; mentioned in Buddhist texts (Jatakas). Connected to Ganga River trade routes. Bharukaccha (Bharuch, Gujarat): Western port under Satavahanas, Western Kshatrapas; traded with Rome, Persia. Exported cotton, agate, beads; imported wine, metals. Arikamedu (Puducherry): Southern port near Chola capital; active 2nd century BCE–2nd century CE. Traded beads, pottery, textiles with Romans (evidenced by Roman ceramics). Archaeological finds confirm Mediterranean trade links. Poompuhar (Kaveripattinam, Tamil Nadu): Chola dynasty’s primary port; mentioned in Sangam literature (Silappathikaram). Traded pearls, spices, silk with Southeast Asia, Rome. Source : The Hindu RABIES Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: The number of rabies deaths has been increasing in Kerala reportedly at an alarming rate over the past four-five years.  Decoding the context: According to the Health department, in 2021, the number of deaths was 11. There were 15 deaths in 2022, 17 in 2023, and 22 in 2024. This year, there has been 12 deaths so far. Learning Corner: Rabies is a  viral zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus (genus Lyssavirus), affecting the central nervous system. Transmitted primarily through bites or scratches from infected animals (e.g., dogs, bats, cats). Fatal once clinical symptoms appear; 100% preventable with timely vaccination. Causes and Transmission Primary Source: Dog bites (99% of cases globally); other sources include bats, wild cats, mongooses. Mechanism: Rabies spreads to people and animals via saliva, usually through bites, scratches, or direct contact with mucosa (e.g. eyes, mouth, or open wounds). Once clinical symptoms appear, rabies is virtually 100% fatal. Incubation Period: 2 weeks to 6 years (average 1-3 months), depending on bite location and severity. Symptoms Early: Fever, headache, itching at bite site. Advanced: Hydrophobia, agitation, paralysis, coma; death within days due to respiratory failure. Prevention and Control Rabies is almost entirely preventable with timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which involves washing wounds with soap and water, administering anti-rabies vaccine (ARV), and in high-risk exposures, using rabies immunoglobulin (RIG).  Animal Control: Animal Birth Control (ABC) program, vaccination of stray dogs, public awareness. Challenges: Vaccine shortages, delayed treatment, inadequate wound care, rising stray dog population. Source : The Hindu ALFALFA Category: ENVIRONMENT Context: With the US pushing India to reduce import duty on alfalfa (lucerne) fodder seed, the government is preparing the ground for restricting the genetically modified (GM) version of the crop from entering the country.  Decoding the context: The Americans grow both GM and non-GM varieties of alfalfa, which derives its name from the Arabic world al-fasfasa that means the best forage. Learning Corner: Alfalfa, also known as Lucerne, is a perennial flowering legume. Native to South-Central Asia, now cultivated globally. Known for its high nutritional value and soil-enriching properties. Agricultural Importance: Used primarily as fodder crop for livestock (rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals). Can be harvested multiple times a year due to rapid regrowth. Cultivated in temperate and subtropical regions, including parts of Punjab, Haryana, and Maharashtra in India. Environmental & Ecological Role: Nitrogen-fixing plant (symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria). Improves soil fertility and reduces dependence on synthetic fertilizers. Helps in crop rotation and sustainable agriculture. Deep roots reduce soil erosion and improve water infiltration. Climate & Soil: Prefers well-drained loamy soils, neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Requires cool temperatures for germination and warm conditions for growth. Needs moderate irrigation – drought-tolerant once established. Fodder Use: High crude protein (15–20%) and digestibility. Used in dairy and meat industries for feeding cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. Nutritional/Health Use (Human Consumption – Limited): Young alfalfa sprouts are consumed in salads. Known for antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties. Used in Ayurveda and herbal medicine. Source : Hindu Businessline AGENTIC AI Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: India is grappling with a critical shortage of agentic AI professionals as demand surges. Decoding the context: The current talent pool of under 100,000 is struggling to meet the projected need of 200,000 by 2026, leading to soaring salaries and intense competition among GCCs, IT firms and startups. Learning Corner: Agentic AI refers to artificial intelligence systems that can autonomously plan, make decisions, and take actions to achieve goals without step-by-step human instructions. These systems act as “agents” – they exhibit initiative, autonomy, and goal-directed behavior. Key Features: Autonomy: Can operate independently of direct human control. Proactivity: Not just reactive; initiates actions to meet objectives. Planning & Reasoning: Can break down complex tasks, plan steps, and revise plans dynamically. Memory and Learning: Retains past experience to improve future decisions. Interaction: May collaborate with humans or other AI agents (multi-agent systems). Examples: AI Personal Assistants that manage schedules, book tickets, and handle emails autonomously. Robotic agents performing tasks in disaster zones, space missions, or factories. Autonomous vehicles with goal-oriented navigation. Source : Economic Times UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARKS Category: INTERNATIONAL Context: UNESCO has added 16 additional sites from 11 nations to its Global Geoparks Network, which celebrates its tenth anniversary this year.  Decoding the context: The new geoparks are in China, North Korea, Ecuador, Indonesia, Italy, Norway, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. Learning Corner: UNESCO Global Geoparks are single, unified geographical areas with internationally significant geological heritage, managed with a holistic concept of protection, education, and sustainable development. They showcase geological diversity along with ecological, archaeological, historical, and cultural richness. At present, there are 229 UNESCO Global Geoparks in 50 countries.  North Korea recorded its historic first with the inclusion of its site Mt. Paektu in the UNESCO Global Geoparks Network, while Saudi Arabia has made its debut on the list with two newly designated geoparks. As of April 30, 2025, India does not have any UNESCO Global Geoparks.  Criteria to be a UNESCO Global Geopark The criteria for an area to become a UNESCO Global Geopark are set out in the Operational Guidelines for UNESCO Global Geoparks. There are four fundamental features to a UNESCO Global Geopark. Geological heritage of international value: The area must have geological heritage of international value. Effective management structure: UNESCO Global Geoparks are managed by a body having legal existence recognized under national legislation. Visibility: UNESCO Global Geoparks promote sustainable local economic development mainly through geotourism. To stimulate the geotourism in the area, it is crucial that a UNESCO Global Geopark has visibility. Networking: Membership of the Global Geoparks Network (GGN) is obligatory for UNESCO Global Geoparks. Notably, sites are given the designation of UNESCO Global Geoparks for a period of four years after which the functioning and quality of each UNESCO Global Geopark is thoroughly re-examined during a revalidation process. According to UNESCO’s official site- If, on the basis of the field evaluation report, the UNESCO Global Geopark continues to fulfill the criteria, the area will continue as a UNESCO Global Geopark for a further four-year period (so-called “green card”). If the area no longer fulfills the criteria, the management body will be informed to take appropriate steps within a two-year period (so-called “yellow card”). Should the UNESCO Global Geopark not fulfill the criteria within two years after receiving a “yellow card”, the area will lose its status as a UNESCO Global Geopark (so-called “red card”). Source : Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1. With reference to UNESCO Global Geoparks, consider the following statements: They are designated solely based on archaeological and cultural heritage. India currently has no site recognized as a UNESCO Global Geopark. Geoparks aim to promote education, conservation, and sustainable development. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Q2. With reference to Agentic Artificial Intelligence (Agentic AI), consider the following statements: It refers to AI systems that act with a degree of autonomy to pursue goals. Agentic AI systems always require detailed, step-by-step human input to perform tasks. Such systems are capable of learning from experience and adapting behavior over time. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Q3. With reference to Alfalfa (Lucerne), consider the following statements: It is a leguminous fodder crop with nitrogen-fixing properties. It is commonly used as a staple grain crop in human diets across tropical countries. Its cultivation can improve soil fertility and help prevent erosion. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  23rd April  – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – c

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 23rd April 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) SUNRISE SECTORS Category: ECONOMY Context: Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said India plans to increase the share of the manufacturing sector from 12% to 23% over the next two decades, aiming to create jobs and drive economic growth. Decoding the context: India is focussing on 14 identified sunrise sectors like semiconductors, renewable energy components, medical devices, batteries and labour intensive industries, including leather and textile, to enhance the share of manufacturing in GDP, she said while speaking at Hoover Institution at Stanford University California. Learning Corner: Sunrise sectors refer to newly emerging industries that show rapid growth potential, driven by technological innovation, increasing consumer demand, policy support, or global trends. These sectors are typically in early stages but are expected to be major contributors to economic growth and employment in the future. Importance in Indian Context: Critical for economic diversification Promote Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India) Attract foreign direct investment (FDI) Drive green growth and innovation Enable India’s leadership in global value chains (GVCs) Key Sunrise Sectors (14 Identified by Government) Semiconductors: Chip manufacturing, assembly, and testing (e.g., Tata’s Gujarat, Assam plants). Renewable Energy Components: Solar panels, wind turbines, green hydrogen Medical Devices: Diagnostic equipment, implants, and wearables. Batteries: Lithium-ion, advanced chemistry cells for EVs and energy storage. Labour-Intensive Industries: Textiles, leather, footwear, and apparel. Others: Electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), aerospace, space technology, biotech, agri-tech, drones, and green hydrogen. Source : The Hindu CLOUDBURST Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: Three people were killed and several residential and commercial structures collapsed after a cloudburst led to torrential rain, wind and hail across Ramban tehsil of Jammu and Kashmir. Decoding the context: The extreme weather also led to the closure of the Jammu – Srinagar National Highway (NH-44), the only all-weather road connecting the Kashmir Valley to the rest of the country. Learning Corner: A cloudburst is a sudden and very intense rainfall event over a small geographical area, typically less than 20–30 square kilometers, which can result in flash floods, landslides, and heavy destruction, especially in mountainous and hilly regions. Rainfall intensity: More than 100 mm (10 cm) per hour. Duration: Typically lasts 15 minutes to a few hours. Most common in Himalayan and Western Ghats regions. Scientific Explanation (Causes): Formed when warm moist air rapidly rises, cools and condenses at high altitudes. Sudden release of water due to condensation of large moisture-laden clouds. Often linked with orographic lift – where moist air is forced upwards by mountain slopes. Absence of upper-level winds fails to disperse the cloud mass. Sometimes associated with localized convection and thunderstorm activity. Vulnerable Areas in India: Himalayan Region: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand North-Eastern Hills: Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh Western Ghats: Kerala, Karnataka during monsoon Impacts: Sudden flash floods and mudslides Loss of life and property Destruction of roads, bridges, and infrastructure Disruption of communication and power supply Can worsen glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in high-altitude regions Key Points: Cloudbursts are not classified as cyclonic rainfall, but convectional. Forecasting is difficult due to very small area and short duration. IMD uses Doppler Radar to monitor and warn of cloudburst-prone conditions. Often occurs in monsoon season (July–September). Source : Times of India NON-NUCLEAR HYDROGEN BOMB Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: In a significant advancement in weapon technology, China has successfully detonated a new hydrogen-based explosive device. This breakthrough, developed by the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC), marks a step forward in China’s military capabilities. Decoding the context: Unlike traditional hydrogen bombs, which rely on nuclear fusion, this device uses a chemical reaction involving magnesium hydride. The result is a powerful fireball capable of producing sustained heat, with no nuclear materials involved. Learning Corner: Hydrogen Bomb Definition: A thermonuclear weapon that uses nuclear fusion of hydrogen isotopes (deuterium, tritium) to release massive energy, triggered by a fission-based atomic bomb. Mechanism: Fission (splitting atomic nuclei) initiates fusion (combining hydrogen nuclei), releasing energy far greater than atomic bombs. Key Features: Explosive yield: Megatons (millions of tons of TNT equivalent). Causes widespread destruction via blast, heat, and radioactive fallout. Non-Nuclear Hydrogen Bomb Definition: A novel explosive device using chemical reactions with magnesium hydride (MgH₂) to release hydrogen gas, creating a sustained fireball without nuclear materials. Mechanism: Conventional explosive fractures magnesium hydride into micron-scale particles. Thermal decomposition releases hydrogen gas, which ignites with air, producing a fireball >1,000°C lasting over 2 seconds (15x longer than TNT). Self-sustaining combustion loop enhances thermal damage Source : The Hindu STANDING DEPOSIT FACILITY (SDF) Category: ECONOMY Context: As the banking system liquidity moves into surplus and with limited credit offtake at the start of the financial year 2025-26 (FY26), commercial banks parked ₹4.13 trillion with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) under the Standing Deposit Facility (SDF).  Decoding the context: This marked the highest amount banks have parked in the SDF since its introduction in April 2022. Learning Corner: The standing deposit facility is a collateral-free liquidity absorption mechanism implemented by the RBI with the intention of transferring liquidity out of the commercial banking sector and into the RBI. It enables the RBI to take liquidity (deposits) from commercial banks without having to compensate them with government securities. Replaces the reverse repo rate as the floor of the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) corridor. Key Features Purpose: Absorbs excess liquidity from the banking system to control inflation and stabilize money supply. Rate: Set at 25 basis points below the repo rate (e.g., 6.25% if repo is 6.50%). Eligibility: Scheduled commercial banks and small finance banks. Operation: Overnight facility; banks deposit funds at the end of the day. No Collateral: Unlike reverse repo, SDF does not require government securities. Limit: No cap on deposit amount, enhancing flexibility. Significance Strengthens RBI’s monetary policy transmission by efficiently managing liquidity. Reduces dependence on government securities for liquidity absorption. Supports financial stability amid surplus liquidity scenarios. Aligns with global best practices for central bank liquidity management. Source : Business Standard DAVIS STRAIT PROTO MICROCONTINENT Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: Researchers have discovered a previously unknown proto-microcontinent, the Davis Strait Proto Microcontinent, beneath the Davis strait between Greenland and Canada. Decoding the context: The Davis Strait proto-microcontinent is not an isolated phenomenon. Similar geological structures have been found elsewhere on the globe, including: 1. Jan Mayen, off Iceland 2. East Tasman Rise, southeast of Tasmania 3. Gulden Draak Knoll, off the western Australian coast. Learning Corner: A proto-microcontinent is a fragment of relatively thick continental lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) separated from a major continent by thinner continental lithosphere, often submerged and incompletely rifted. Davis Strait Proto-Microcontinent is a submerged, thick fragment of continental crust discovered beneath the Davis Strait. Location: Davis Strait, connecting Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay, between Baffin Island (Canada) and southwestern Greenland. Geological Significance: A submerged microcontinent composed of thick continental crust (approximately 19–24 km thick), surrounded by thinner crust (14–17 km thick).  Formed during the Paleogene period (~58 million years ago) due to incomplete rifting between the North American and Greenland plates.  Represents a “failed” or “proto” microcontinent, as it did not fully separate from the main continental masses. Source : Times of India Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.With reference to recent advancements in weapon technology, consider the following statements: A hydrogen bomb operates purely through chemical reactions involving hydrogen compounds. China’s newly tested hydrogen-based explosive does not involve nuclear fusion or radiation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2   Q2.With reference to the Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) introduced by the Reserve Bank of India, consider the following statements: SDF requires banks to deposit government securities with the RBI as collateral. SDF has replaced the reverse repo rate as the floor of the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) corridor. There is no upper limit on the amount that can be parked under SDF. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Q3.With reference to the Davis Strait Proto-Microcontinent, consider the following statements: It is a submerged landmass located between Greenland and Canada. It was formed due to the complete rifting of the North American and Greenland plates. Its discovery provides insights into the processes of microcontinent formation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  21st April  – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

[DAY 40] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2025 HISTORY, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Hello Friends The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year. It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday) CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis. To Know More about 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series – CLICK HERE   60 Day Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series Schedule – CLICK HERE  Important Note Comment your Scores in the Comment Section. This will keep you accountable, responsible and sincere in days to come. It will help us come out with the Cut-Off on a Daily Basis. Let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂  You can post your comments in the given format  (1) Your Score (2) Matrix Meter (3) New Learning from the Test The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2025 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2025. Click Here To Take The Test -> Click Here

[DAY 39] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2025 HISTORY, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Hello Friends The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year. It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday) CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis. To Know More about 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series – CLICK HERE   60 Day Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series Schedule – CLICK HERE  Important Note Comment your Scores in the Comment Section. This will keep you accountable, responsible and sincere in days to come. It will help us come out with the Cut-Off on a Daily Basis. Let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂  You can post your comments in the given format  (1) Your Score (2) Matrix Meter (3) New Learning from the Test The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2025 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2025. Click Here To Take The Test -> Click Here

[DAY 37] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2025 POLITY, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Hello Friends The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year. It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday) CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis. To Know More about 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series – CLICK HERE   60 Day Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series Schedule – CLICK HERE  Important Note Comment your Scores in the Comment Section. This will keep you accountable, responsible and sincere in days to come. It will help us come out with the Cut-Off on a Daily Basis. Let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂  You can post your comments in the given format  (1) Your Score (2) Matrix Meter (3) New Learning from the Test The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2025 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2025. Click Here To Take The Test -> Click Here

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 1st May 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

[DAY 36] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2025 POLITY, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Hello Friends The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year. It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday) CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis. To Know More about 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series – CLICK HERE   60 Day Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series Schedule – CLICK HERE  Important Note Comment your Scores in the Comment Section. This will keep you accountable, responsible and sincere in days to come. It will help us come out with the Cut-Off on a Daily Basis. Let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂  You can post your comments in the given format  (1) Your Score (2) Matrix Meter (3) New Learning from the Test The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2025 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2025. Click Here To Take The Test -> Click Here