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DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 1st May 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) THE CASTE CENSUS Category: POLITY Context: The government has decided to hold a caste census along with the upcoming Census. Decoding the context: The 2021 Census was delayed by the Covid-19 pandemic, and has been on hold ever since. The exercise is understood to be imminent, but there are no dates for it as yet Learning Corner: The data collected in Censuses since 1951 include the numbers of individuals belonging to the Scheduled Castes (SCs) and Scheduled Tribes (STs), and of various religious denominations. But the members of caste groups other than SCs and STs have not been counted. The most recent caste data available is from the Census of 1931. The 1941 Census, carried out during the War, collected data on caste, but they were never released. Ahead of the first Census of independent India, the government chose to avoid the question of caste. Thereafter, demands for a caste census were repeatedly raised, especially by parties who had a base among Other Backward Classes (OBCs), primarily farming communities and artisans. But no Indian government ever carried out a full count of caste memberships. From Census to SECC In 2010, Law Minister M. Veerappa Moily proposed including caste/community data in Census 2011. The Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India (RGI) rejected the proposal citing logistical difficulties. Objections Raised: Census involves enumeration (observational, non-verification based). Enumerators (mainly school teachers) are not trained to verify caste claims. Difficulties in accuracy, analysis, and data verification. Political Response: Due to pressure from UPA allies (e.g., RJD, DMK, JDU) and OBC MPs, a Group of Ministers (GoM) was formed under Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee. Decision – In September 2010, the Union Cabinet approved a separate exercise: Socio-Economic and Caste Census (SECC) to be conducted after Census 2011. Timeline: SECC conducted: June–September 2011 Population enumeration (Census): February–March 2011 The data were published by the Ministries of Rural Development and Urban Development in 2016, but the caste data were excluded. The raw caste data was handed over to the Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment, which formed an Expert Group under then NITI Aayog Vice Chairperson Arvind Panagariya for classification and categorisation. The data are yet to be made public. Recent developments Of late, several state governments have sought to implement “quota within quota” by subcategorising OBCs based on their own caste censuses, calling them “surveys” because the Census is technically part of the constitutional mandate of the Centre. Earlier, on April 1, 2021, the constitutional body National Commission for Backward Classes had urged the government to collect data on the population of OBCs “as part of Census of India 2021 exercise”. Source : Indian Express BRAIN-COMPUTER INTERFACE Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Researchers at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) have achieved a significant breakthrough in assistive technology for individuals with paralysis. Decoding the context:  They have developed a brain-computer interface (BCI) that allows a paralysed man to control a robotic arm simply by imagining the movements he wishes to execute. Learning Corner: A Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) is a technology that enables direct communication between the human brain and an external device (such as a computer or prosthetic limb), bypassing traditional neural pathways. How It Works: Neural signals (electrical activity in the brain) are detected using electrodes or implants. Signals are decoded using algorithms and converted into commands. These commands control external devices or software (e.g., moving a robotic arm, cursor movement). Types of BCI: Invasive: Electrodes implanted directly into the brain (e.g., Neuralink). Semi-invasive: Electrodes placed on the surface of the brain. Non-invasive: EEG (Electroencephalography) caps worn on the scalp. Applications: Medical: Restoring mobility in paralysis, aiding speech in locked-in syndrome. Military: Human-enhancement and drone control. Neuroprosthetics: Controlling robotic limbs, exoskeletons. Gaming & Communication: Mind-controlled interfaces. Source : The Hindu STOCKHOLM CONVENTION ON PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS Category: ENVIRONMENT Context: India has reportedly opposed the inclusion of a hazardous insecticide under the Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants, an international environmental treaty to protect human health and the environment. Decoding the context: The insecticide, Chlorpyrifos, is a chemical linked to adverse effects on neurodevelopment, reduced birth size, lung and prostate cancer upon chronic exposure. Chlorpyrifos has been registered in India under the Insecticides Act since 1977. In 2016-17, chlorpyrifos was the most frequently used pesticide in India, accounting for 9.4 per cent of the total insecticide consumption, according to a report by the International Pollutants Elimination Network (IPEN). Learning Corner: An international environmental treaty adopted in 2001, entered into force in 2004. Aims to eliminate or restrict the production and use of Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) — toxic chemicals that persist, bioaccumulate, and cause adverse effects to human health and the environment. Objectives: Protect human health and the environment from harmful POPs. Eliminate or restrict production and use of intentionally produced POPs. Reduce or eliminate releases from unintentional production. Ensure safe disposal and handling of POP waste. POPs are toxic chemical substances that: Persist in the environment for long periods. Bioaccumulate through the food web. POPs are lipophilic, which means that they accumulate in the fatty tissue of living animals and human beings. Travel long distances via air and water. Cause serious health issues — cancers, birth defects, immune & reproductive disorders. Key Provisions: The Stockholm Convention lists chemicals in three annexes: Annex A lists chemicals to be eliminated; Annex B lists chemicals to be restricted; and Annex C calls for minimizing unintentional production and release of listed chemicals. Governance: Overseen by the Conference of the Parties (COP), with the Persistent Organic Pollutants Review Committee (POPRC) assessing new chemicals. The list is updated regularly (now includes 30+ chemicals). Parties must develop National Implementation Plans (NIPs). India and the Convention: India ratified the Convention in 2006. In 2022, India banned the use of several additional POPs under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986. National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management (NCSCM) and Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) are involved in implementation. Additional information –  The “Dirty Dozen” refers to the initial 12 persistent organic pollutants (POPs) identified in the Stockholm Convention, including: Pesticides: DDT, Aldrin, Endrin, Heptachlor, etc. Industrial chemicals: PCBs. By-products: Dioxins, Furans. Other International Conventions dealing with POPs and Pesticides: Rotterdam Convention on the Prior Informed Consent (PIC) Procedure for Certain Hazardous Chemicals and Pesticides in International Trade.  Aim to promote shared responsibilities in relation to importation of hazardous chemicals and contribute safe use. The Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal.  Aims to protect human health and the environment against the adverse effects resulting from the generation, management, transboundary movements and disposal of hazardous and other wastes. Source : Down To Earth SPECIAL 301 REPORT Category: INTERNATIONAL Context: The U.S. once again placed India on its ‘priority watch list’, stating that New Delhi remains one of the world’s most challenging major economies for the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights (IPRs). Decoding the context: The U.S. Trade Representative’s (USTR) 2025 Special 301 report, an annual review of the global state of IPR protection and enforcement, said that over the past year, India has remained inconsistent in its progress on intellectual property protection and enforcement. Learning Corner: Special 301 Report is an annual review by the U.S. Trade Representative (USTR) assessing global intellectual property rights (IPR) protection and enforcement, mandated under Section 301 of the U.S. Trade Act of 1974. First published in 1989; evaluates over 100 trading partners. Classification in the Report: Priority Foreign Country: Worst classification; may face sanctions (e.g., Ukraine, 2013). Priority Watch List: Serious IPR concerns; intense bilateral engagement (e.g., India, China, 2025). Watch List: Notable IPR issues; requires monitoring (e.g., Brazil, Vietnam, 2025). Source : The Hindu JAGADGURU BASAVESHWARA Category: ART & CULTURE Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi remembered the profound wisdom of Jagadguru Basaveshwara on the occasion of Basava Jayanthi.  Decoding the context: In a social media post, Mr Modi said his vision for society and his tireless efforts to uplift the marginalised continue to guide people. Learning Corner: Basavanna was a 12th-century philosopher, statesman, poet, and social reformer from Karnataka. Minister in the court of Kalachuri King Bijjala I (Kalyani Chalukya Dynasty). He introduced a new public institution Anubhava Mantapa (or, the “hall of spiritual experience”),which welcomed men and women from all socio-economic backgrounds to discuss spiritual and mundane questions of life. Revered as the founder of the Lingayat (Veerashaiva) sect. Philosophy & Teachings Advocated monotheism through worship of Ishtalinga (personal Shiva emblem). Rejected caste system, ritualism, temple-centric worship, and Brahmanical dominance. A strong promoter of ahimsa, he also condemned human and animal sacrifices. Emphasized Kayaka (work ethics) and Dasoha (selfless service). Promoted gender equality and upliftment of marginalized communities. Literary Contributions Composed Vachanas — short, powerful poetic expressions in Kannada, promoting devotion and ethics. Used vernacular language to make spirituality accessible to common people. Legacy Inspired social reform and a non-Brahminical religious movement in Karnataka. Lingayatism remains a major religious community in Karnataka today. Commemorated with Basaveshwara Statue near the Thames, London (2015) — unveiled by PM Narendra Modi. Source : News On AIR Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1. With reference to Basavanna, the founder of the Lingayat movement, consider the following statements: He rejected temple worship and Brahmanical rituals. He propagated his philosophy through Kannada vachanas. He promoted the Varna-based division of society. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Q1. With reference to the “Special 301 Report”, consider the following statements: It is released annually by the World Trade Organization to monitor global trade practices. India has been consistently placed in the Priority Foreign Country category. The report primarily evaluates the protection and enforcement of intellectual property rights. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Q1. With reference to the Stockholm Convention, consider the following statements: It is a legally binding international treaty that aims to eliminate or restrict persistent organic pollutants. India is not a party to the Convention and has not taken any legal steps to ban POPs. DDT is one of the chemicals initially listed under the Convention. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 1 and 3 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  30th April  – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th April 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) MUZIRIS PORT Category: HISTORY Context: Historian M.G.S. Narayanan who played a pivotal role in shaping the Muziris Heritage Project, passed away recently. Decoding the context: A towering figure in Indian academic history, MGS Narayanan undertook a historical enquiry into Kerala’s historical past and debunked several historical myths. He  was the former chairperson of the Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR). Learning Corner: Muziris Port is an ancient port on Kerala’s Malabar Coast (near Kodungallur, Thrissur), active from 3rd century BCE to 4th century CE, known as a hub of the historic spice route. Location: North Paravur-Kodungallur-Mathilakam area (Ernakulam-Thrissur border). Trade: Exported spices (black pepper, cinnamon), pearls, ivory, semi-precious stones; imported gold, wine, olive oil from Romans, Greeks, Persians, and Arabs. Cultural Significance: A cosmopolitan center hosting Christianity (St. Thomas, 52 CE), Judaism, Islam (Cheraman Juma Masjid, 629 CE), and Jainism (Tamil-Brahmi script evidence). Decline: Muziris likely declined due to a massive flood in 1341 CE, which altered the course of the Periyar River, leading to the silting up of the port and the rise of Cochin (Kochi) as a new harbor. Muziris Heritage Project (MHP): Launched in 2009 by Kerala Tourism to conserve 3,000-year-old heritage across 150 sq km. Includes 25+ museums, restored monuments (Paliam Palace, Paravur Synagogue, Cheraman Juma Masjid), and Pattanam excavations. Important Contemporary Ports in India (3rd Century BCE–4th Century CE) Tamralipti (Tamluk, West Bengal): Major eastern port under Mauryas, Guptas; linked to Southeast Asia, China. Traded rice, textiles, spices; mentioned in Buddhist texts (Jatakas). Connected to Ganga River trade routes. Bharukaccha (Bharuch, Gujarat): Western port under Satavahanas, Western Kshatrapas; traded with Rome, Persia. Exported cotton, agate, beads; imported wine, metals. Arikamedu (Puducherry): Southern port near Chola capital; active 2nd century BCE–2nd century CE. Traded beads, pottery, textiles with Romans (evidenced by Roman ceramics). Archaeological finds confirm Mediterranean trade links. Poompuhar (Kaveripattinam, Tamil Nadu): Chola dynasty’s primary port; mentioned in Sangam literature (Silappathikaram). Traded pearls, spices, silk with Southeast Asia, Rome. Source : The Hindu RABIES Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: The number of rabies deaths has been increasing in Kerala reportedly at an alarming rate over the past four-five years.  Decoding the context: According to the Health department, in 2021, the number of deaths was 11. There were 15 deaths in 2022, 17 in 2023, and 22 in 2024. This year, there has been 12 deaths so far. Learning Corner: Rabies is a  viral zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus (genus Lyssavirus), affecting the central nervous system. Transmitted primarily through bites or scratches from infected animals (e.g., dogs, bats, cats). Fatal once clinical symptoms appear; 100% preventable with timely vaccination. Causes and Transmission Primary Source: Dog bites (99% of cases globally); other sources include bats, wild cats, mongooses. Mechanism: Rabies spreads to people and animals via saliva, usually through bites, scratches, or direct contact with mucosa (e.g. eyes, mouth, or open wounds). Once clinical symptoms appear, rabies is virtually 100% fatal. Incubation Period: 2 weeks to 6 years (average 1-3 months), depending on bite location and severity. Symptoms Early: Fever, headache, itching at bite site. Advanced: Hydrophobia, agitation, paralysis, coma; death within days due to respiratory failure. Prevention and Control Rabies is almost entirely preventable with timely post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which involves washing wounds with soap and water, administering anti-rabies vaccine (ARV), and in high-risk exposures, using rabies immunoglobulin (RIG).  Animal Control: Animal Birth Control (ABC) program, vaccination of stray dogs, public awareness. Challenges: Vaccine shortages, delayed treatment, inadequate wound care, rising stray dog population. Source : The Hindu ALFALFA Category: ENVIRONMENT Context: With the US pushing India to reduce import duty on alfalfa (lucerne) fodder seed, the government is preparing the ground for restricting the genetically modified (GM) version of the crop from entering the country.  Decoding the context: The Americans grow both GM and non-GM varieties of alfalfa, which derives its name from the Arabic world al-fasfasa that means the best forage. Learning Corner: Alfalfa, also known as Lucerne, is a perennial flowering legume. Native to South-Central Asia, now cultivated globally. Known for its high nutritional value and soil-enriching properties. Agricultural Importance: Used primarily as fodder crop for livestock (rich in protein, vitamins, and minerals). Can be harvested multiple times a year due to rapid regrowth. Cultivated in temperate and subtropical regions, including parts of Punjab, Haryana, and Maharashtra in India. Environmental & Ecological Role: Nitrogen-fixing plant (symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium bacteria). Improves soil fertility and reduces dependence on synthetic fertilizers. Helps in crop rotation and sustainable agriculture. Deep roots reduce soil erosion and improve water infiltration. Climate & Soil: Prefers well-drained loamy soils, neutral to slightly alkaline pH. Requires cool temperatures for germination and warm conditions for growth. Needs moderate irrigation – drought-tolerant once established. Fodder Use: High crude protein (15–20%) and digestibility. Used in dairy and meat industries for feeding cattle, sheep, goats, and horses. Nutritional/Health Use (Human Consumption – Limited): Young alfalfa sprouts are consumed in salads. Known for antioxidant, cholesterol-lowering, and anti-inflammatory properties. Used in Ayurveda and herbal medicine. Source : Hindu Businessline AGENTIC AI Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: India is grappling with a critical shortage of agentic AI professionals as demand surges. Decoding the context: The current talent pool of under 100,000 is struggling to meet the projected need of 200,000 by 2026, leading to soaring salaries and intense competition among GCCs, IT firms and startups. Learning Corner: Agentic AI refers to artificial intelligence systems that can autonomously plan, make decisions, and take actions to achieve goals without step-by-step human instructions. These systems act as “agents” – they exhibit initiative, autonomy, and goal-directed behavior. Key Features: Autonomy: Can operate independently of direct human control. Proactivity: Not just reactive; initiates actions to meet objectives. Planning & Reasoning: Can break down complex tasks, plan steps, and revise plans dynamically. Memory and Learning: Retains past experience to improve future decisions. Interaction: May collaborate with humans or other AI agents (multi-agent systems). Examples: AI Personal Assistants that manage schedules, book tickets, and handle emails autonomously. Robotic agents performing tasks in disaster zones, space missions, or factories. Autonomous vehicles with goal-oriented navigation. Source : Economic Times UNESCO GLOBAL GEOPARKS Category: INTERNATIONAL Context: UNESCO has added 16 additional sites from 11 nations to its Global Geoparks Network, which celebrates its tenth anniversary this year.  Decoding the context: The new geoparks are in China, North Korea, Ecuador, Indonesia, Italy, Norway, South Korea, Saudi Arabia, Spain, the United Kingdom, and Vietnam. Learning Corner: UNESCO Global Geoparks are single, unified geographical areas with internationally significant geological heritage, managed with a holistic concept of protection, education, and sustainable development. They showcase geological diversity along with ecological, archaeological, historical, and cultural richness. At present, there are 229 UNESCO Global Geoparks in 50 countries.  North Korea recorded its historic first with the inclusion of its site Mt. Paektu in the UNESCO Global Geoparks Network, while Saudi Arabia has made its debut on the list with two newly designated geoparks. As of April 30, 2025, India does not have any UNESCO Global Geoparks.  Criteria to be a UNESCO Global Geopark The criteria for an area to become a UNESCO Global Geopark are set out in the Operational Guidelines for UNESCO Global Geoparks. There are four fundamental features to a UNESCO Global Geopark. Geological heritage of international value: The area must have geological heritage of international value. Effective management structure: UNESCO Global Geoparks are managed by a body having legal existence recognized under national legislation. Visibility: UNESCO Global Geoparks promote sustainable local economic development mainly through geotourism. To stimulate the geotourism in the area, it is crucial that a UNESCO Global Geopark has visibility. Networking: Membership of the Global Geoparks Network (GGN) is obligatory for UNESCO Global Geoparks. Notably, sites are given the designation of UNESCO Global Geoparks for a period of four years after which the functioning and quality of each UNESCO Global Geopark is thoroughly re-examined during a revalidation process. According to UNESCO’s official site- If, on the basis of the field evaluation report, the UNESCO Global Geopark continues to fulfill the criteria, the area will continue as a UNESCO Global Geopark for a further four-year period (so-called “green card”). If the area no longer fulfills the criteria, the management body will be informed to take appropriate steps within a two-year period (so-called “yellow card”). Should the UNESCO Global Geopark not fulfill the criteria within two years after receiving a “yellow card”, the area will lose its status as a UNESCO Global Geopark (so-called “red card”). Source : Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1. With reference to UNESCO Global Geoparks, consider the following statements: They are designated solely based on archaeological and cultural heritage. India currently has no site recognized as a UNESCO Global Geopark. Geoparks aim to promote education, conservation, and sustainable development. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Q2. With reference to Agentic Artificial Intelligence (Agentic AI), consider the following statements: It refers to AI systems that act with a degree of autonomy to pursue goals. Agentic AI systems always require detailed, step-by-step human input to perform tasks. Such systems are capable of learning from experience and adapting behavior over time. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Q3. With reference to Alfalfa (Lucerne), consider the following statements: It is a leguminous fodder crop with nitrogen-fixing properties. It is commonly used as a staple grain crop in human diets across tropical countries. Its cultivation can improve soil fertility and help prevent erosion. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  23rd April  – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – c

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 23rd April 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) SUNRISE SECTORS Category: ECONOMY Context: Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman said India plans to increase the share of the manufacturing sector from 12% to 23% over the next two decades, aiming to create jobs and drive economic growth. Decoding the context: India is focussing on 14 identified sunrise sectors like semiconductors, renewable energy components, medical devices, batteries and labour intensive industries, including leather and textile, to enhance the share of manufacturing in GDP, she said while speaking at Hoover Institution at Stanford University California. Learning Corner: Sunrise sectors refer to newly emerging industries that show rapid growth potential, driven by technological innovation, increasing consumer demand, policy support, or global trends. These sectors are typically in early stages but are expected to be major contributors to economic growth and employment in the future. Importance in Indian Context: Critical for economic diversification Promote Atmanirbhar Bharat (Self-reliant India) Attract foreign direct investment (FDI) Drive green growth and innovation Enable India’s leadership in global value chains (GVCs) Key Sunrise Sectors (14 Identified by Government) Semiconductors: Chip manufacturing, assembly, and testing (e.g., Tata’s Gujarat, Assam plants). Renewable Energy Components: Solar panels, wind turbines, green hydrogen Medical Devices: Diagnostic equipment, implants, and wearables. Batteries: Lithium-ion, advanced chemistry cells for EVs and energy storage. Labour-Intensive Industries: Textiles, leather, footwear, and apparel. Others: Electronics, electric vehicles (EVs), aerospace, space technology, biotech, agri-tech, drones, and green hydrogen. Source : The Hindu CLOUDBURST Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: Three people were killed and several residential and commercial structures collapsed after a cloudburst led to torrential rain, wind and hail across Ramban tehsil of Jammu and Kashmir. Decoding the context: The extreme weather also led to the closure of the Jammu – Srinagar National Highway (NH-44), the only all-weather road connecting the Kashmir Valley to the rest of the country. Learning Corner: A cloudburst is a sudden and very intense rainfall event over a small geographical area, typically less than 20–30 square kilometers, which can result in flash floods, landslides, and heavy destruction, especially in mountainous and hilly regions. Rainfall intensity: More than 100 mm (10 cm) per hour. Duration: Typically lasts 15 minutes to a few hours. Most common in Himalayan and Western Ghats regions. Scientific Explanation (Causes): Formed when warm moist air rapidly rises, cools and condenses at high altitudes. Sudden release of water due to condensation of large moisture-laden clouds. Often linked with orographic lift – where moist air is forced upwards by mountain slopes. Absence of upper-level winds fails to disperse the cloud mass. Sometimes associated with localized convection and thunderstorm activity. Vulnerable Areas in India: Himalayan Region: Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand North-Eastern Hills: Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh Western Ghats: Kerala, Karnataka during monsoon Impacts: Sudden flash floods and mudslides Loss of life and property Destruction of roads, bridges, and infrastructure Disruption of communication and power supply Can worsen glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs) in high-altitude regions Key Points: Cloudbursts are not classified as cyclonic rainfall, but convectional. Forecasting is difficult due to very small area and short duration. IMD uses Doppler Radar to monitor and warn of cloudburst-prone conditions. Often occurs in monsoon season (July–September). Source : Times of India NON-NUCLEAR HYDROGEN BOMB Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: In a significant advancement in weapon technology, China has successfully detonated a new hydrogen-based explosive device. This breakthrough, developed by the China State Shipbuilding Corporation (CSSC), marks a step forward in China’s military capabilities. Decoding the context: Unlike traditional hydrogen bombs, which rely on nuclear fusion, this device uses a chemical reaction involving magnesium hydride. The result is a powerful fireball capable of producing sustained heat, with no nuclear materials involved. Learning Corner: Hydrogen Bomb Definition: A thermonuclear weapon that uses nuclear fusion of hydrogen isotopes (deuterium, tritium) to release massive energy, triggered by a fission-based atomic bomb. Mechanism: Fission (splitting atomic nuclei) initiates fusion (combining hydrogen nuclei), releasing energy far greater than atomic bombs. Key Features: Explosive yield: Megatons (millions of tons of TNT equivalent). Causes widespread destruction via blast, heat, and radioactive fallout. Non-Nuclear Hydrogen Bomb Definition: A novel explosive device using chemical reactions with magnesium hydride (MgH₂) to release hydrogen gas, creating a sustained fireball without nuclear materials. Mechanism: Conventional explosive fractures magnesium hydride into micron-scale particles. Thermal decomposition releases hydrogen gas, which ignites with air, producing a fireball >1,000°C lasting over 2 seconds (15x longer than TNT). Self-sustaining combustion loop enhances thermal damage Source : The Hindu STANDING DEPOSIT FACILITY (SDF) Category: ECONOMY Context: As the banking system liquidity moves into surplus and with limited credit offtake at the start of the financial year 2025-26 (FY26), commercial banks parked ₹4.13 trillion with the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) under the Standing Deposit Facility (SDF).  Decoding the context: This marked the highest amount banks have parked in the SDF since its introduction in April 2022. Learning Corner: The standing deposit facility is a collateral-free liquidity absorption mechanism implemented by the RBI with the intention of transferring liquidity out of the commercial banking sector and into the RBI. It enables the RBI to take liquidity (deposits) from commercial banks without having to compensate them with government securities. Replaces the reverse repo rate as the floor of the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) corridor. Key Features Purpose: Absorbs excess liquidity from the banking system to control inflation and stabilize money supply. Rate: Set at 25 basis points below the repo rate (e.g., 6.25% if repo is 6.50%). Eligibility: Scheduled commercial banks and small finance banks. Operation: Overnight facility; banks deposit funds at the end of the day. No Collateral: Unlike reverse repo, SDF does not require government securities. Limit: No cap on deposit amount, enhancing flexibility. Significance Strengthens RBI’s monetary policy transmission by efficiently managing liquidity. Reduces dependence on government securities for liquidity absorption. Supports financial stability amid surplus liquidity scenarios. Aligns with global best practices for central bank liquidity management. Source : Business Standard DAVIS STRAIT PROTO MICROCONTINENT Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: Researchers have discovered a previously unknown proto-microcontinent, the Davis Strait Proto Microcontinent, beneath the Davis strait between Greenland and Canada. Decoding the context: The Davis Strait proto-microcontinent is not an isolated phenomenon. Similar geological structures have been found elsewhere on the globe, including: 1. Jan Mayen, off Iceland 2. East Tasman Rise, southeast of Tasmania 3. Gulden Draak Knoll, off the western Australian coast. Learning Corner: A proto-microcontinent is a fragment of relatively thick continental lithosphere (crust and upper mantle) separated from a major continent by thinner continental lithosphere, often submerged and incompletely rifted. Davis Strait Proto-Microcontinent is a submerged, thick fragment of continental crust discovered beneath the Davis Strait. Location: Davis Strait, connecting Labrador Sea and Baffin Bay, between Baffin Island (Canada) and southwestern Greenland. Geological Significance: A submerged microcontinent composed of thick continental crust (approximately 19–24 km thick), surrounded by thinner crust (14–17 km thick).  Formed during the Paleogene period (~58 million years ago) due to incomplete rifting between the North American and Greenland plates.  Represents a “failed” or “proto” microcontinent, as it did not fully separate from the main continental masses. Source : Times of India Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.With reference to recent advancements in weapon technology, consider the following statements: A hydrogen bomb operates purely through chemical reactions involving hydrogen compounds. China’s newly tested hydrogen-based explosive does not involve nuclear fusion or radiation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 only B. 2 only C. Both 1 and 2 D. Neither 1 nor 2   Q2.With reference to the Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) introduced by the Reserve Bank of India, consider the following statements: SDF requires banks to deposit government securities with the RBI as collateral. SDF has replaced the reverse repo rate as the floor of the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) corridor. There is no upper limit on the amount that can be parked under SDF. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3   Q3.With reference to the Davis Strait Proto-Microcontinent, consider the following statements: It is a submerged landmass located between Greenland and Canada. It was formed due to the complete rifting of the North American and Greenland plates. Its discovery provides insights into the processes of microcontinent formation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  21st April  – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

[DAY 40] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2025 HISTORY, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Hello Friends The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year. It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday) CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis. To Know More about 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series – CLICK HERE   60 Day Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series Schedule – CLICK HERE  Important Note Comment your Scores in the Comment Section. This will keep you accountable, responsible and sincere in days to come. It will help us come out with the Cut-Off on a Daily Basis. Let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂  You can post your comments in the given format  (1) Your Score (2) Matrix Meter (3) New Learning from the Test The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2025 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2025. Click Here To Take The Test -> Click Here

[DAY 39] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2025 HISTORY, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Hello Friends The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year. It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday) CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis. To Know More about 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series – CLICK HERE   60 Day Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series Schedule – CLICK HERE  Important Note Comment your Scores in the Comment Section. This will keep you accountable, responsible and sincere in days to come. It will help us come out with the Cut-Off on a Daily Basis. Let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂  You can post your comments in the given format  (1) Your Score (2) Matrix Meter (3) New Learning from the Test The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2025 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2025. Click Here To Take The Test -> Click Here

[DAY 37] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2025 POLITY, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Hello Friends The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year. It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday) CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis. To Know More about 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series – CLICK HERE   60 Day Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series Schedule – CLICK HERE  Important Note Comment your Scores in the Comment Section. This will keep you accountable, responsible and sincere in days to come. It will help us come out with the Cut-Off on a Daily Basis. Let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂  You can post your comments in the given format  (1) Your Score (2) Matrix Meter (3) New Learning from the Test The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2025 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2025. Click Here To Take The Test -> Click Here

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 1st May 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

[DAY 36] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2025 POLITY, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Hello Friends The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year. It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday) CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis. To Know More about 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series – CLICK HERE   60 Day Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series Schedule – CLICK HERE  Important Note Comment your Scores in the Comment Section. This will keep you accountable, responsible and sincere in days to come. It will help us come out with the Cut-Off on a Daily Basis. Let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂  You can post your comments in the given format  (1) Your Score (2) Matrix Meter (3) New Learning from the Test The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2025 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2025. Click Here To Take The Test -> Click Here

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS हिन्दी | UPSC प्रारंभिक एवं मुख्य परीक्षा – 19th April 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   यूरोप तेजी से गर्म हो रहा है (EUROPE IS WARMING FASTER) श्रेणी: पर्यावरण संदर्भ: वैश्विक तापमान में तेज़ी से वृद्धि हो रही है, लेकिन हर क्षेत्र में एक ही दर से गर्मी नहीं बढ़ रही है। उदाहरण के लिए, यूरोप में पूरी दुनिया की तुलना में लगभग दोगुना गर्मी बढ़ी है, जैसा कि 2024 यूरोपीय जलवायु रिपोर्ट में बताया गया है। संदर्भ का दृष्टिकोण: यूरोपीय जलवायु स्थिति रिपोर्ट – जो कोपरनिकस जलवायु परिवर्तन सेवा का एक वार्षिक प्रकाशन है, जो यूरोपीय आयोग का हिस्सा है – यूरोप में जलवायु प्रवृत्तियों को दर्शाता है, और विश्व मौसम विज्ञान संगठन के सहयोग से प्रकाशित किया जाता है। Learning Corner: रिपोर्ट के नए संस्करण में कहा गया है कि वर्ष 2024, जो ग्रह के लिए अब तक का सबसे गर्म वर्ष था, यूरोप के लिए भी सबसे गर्म वर्ष था, हालांकि महाद्वीप के भीतर पूर्व-पश्चिम में एक अलग अंतर था। पूर्वी यूरोप धूप भरा और गर्म था, जबकि पश्चिमी भाग बादलदार और आद्र था। सम्पूर्ण ग्रह ने पूर्व-औद्योगिक आधार रेखा (वर्ष 1850-1900 का औसत) की तुलना में अपने वार्षिक औसत तापमान में लगभग 1.3 डिग्री सेल्सियस की वृद्धि देखी है, हालांकि वर्ष 2024 में पहली बार तापमान में 1.5 डिग्री सेल्सियस की वृद्धि दर्ज की जाएगी। हालाँकि, यूरोप में पूर्व-औद्योगिक काल की तुलना में औसत वार्षिक तापमान में लगभग 2.4 डिग्री सेल्सियस की वृद्धि देखी गई है। यूरोप में अधिक तापमान वृद्धि में योगदान देने वाले कारक आर्कटिक प्रभाव: यूरोप का एक बड़ा हिस्सा आर्कटिक क्षेत्र में स्थित है। वास्तव में, यूरोप में ध्रुवीय क्षेत्र में सबसे बड़ा बसा हुआ भूभाग है। और ध्रुवों, विशेष रूप से उत्तरी ध्रुव के आसपास गर्मी बहुत अधिक है। आर्कटिक में अधिक गर्मी का कारण एल्बेडो प्रभाव है। आर्कटिक की बर्फ पिघलने से गहरे रंग की सतहें (भूमि/पानी) उजागर होती हैं, जो परावर्तक बर्फ की तुलना में अधिक सौर विकिरण को अवशोषित करती हैं। अंटार्कटिका में बर्फ की चादरों का पिघलना थोड़ा कम है, जिसके कारण आर्कटिक की तुलना में अंटार्कटिका में गर्मी कम स्पष्ट है। पूरे ग्रह पर गर्मी एक समान नहीं है। भूमि क्षेत्र महासागरों की तुलना में अधिक गर्म हुए हैं, और उच्च अक्षांश वाले क्षेत्र उष्णकटिबंधीय क्षेत्रों की तुलना में अधिक गर्म हुए हैं। एरोसोल में कमी: यूरोप में तापमान वृद्धि की दर में वृद्धि का एक अन्य कारण एरोसोल उत्सर्जन में कमी है, ऐसा स्टेट ऑफ क्लाइमेट रिपोर्ट में कहा गया है। यह विडंबनापूर्ण है क्योंकि एरोसोल में कमी वायु प्रदूषण में कमी और सांस लेने के लिए स्वच्छ हवा की ओर इशारा करती है। एरोसोल सूर्य के प्रकाश को वापस बिखेरने में सक्षम होते हैं, जिससे पृथ्वी की सतह द्वारा सौर विकिरण का कम अवशोषण होता है। एरोसोल बादल बनने में भी मदद करते हैं और बदले में बादल इस बात पर प्रभाव डालते हैं कि सूर्य का कितना प्रकाश परावर्तित या अवशोषित होता है। यूरोप में अपेक्षाकृत स्वच्छ वायु तथा कम एरोसोल उत्सर्जन के कारण वहां तेजी से गर्मी बढ़ रही है। स्रोत : Indian Express टार्डिग्रेड्स (TARDIGRADES) श्रेणी: विज्ञान और प्रौद्योगिकी संदर्भ: एक्सिओम मिशन 4 (Axiom Mission 4) के तहत अगले महीने भारत, पोलैंड और हंगरी 40 वर्षों से अधिक समय में पहली बार सरकार द्वारा प्रायोजित मानव अंतरिक्ष उड़ान भरेंगे। संदर्भ का दृष्टिकोण: मिशन में किए जाने वाले अध्ययनों में इसरो की वॉयेजर टार्डिग्रेड्स परियोजना भी शामिल है, जो टार्डिग्रेड्स के पुनरुत्थान, अस्तित्व और प्रजनन की जांच करेगी – ये ऐसे जीव हैं, जिन पर वैज्ञानिकों का लंबे समय से आकर्षण रहा है। Learning Corner: जल भालू या टार्डिग्रेड्स टार्डिग्रेड्स सूक्ष्म, आठ पैरों वाले प्राणी हैं, जिनका आकार 0.1 से 0.5 मिलीमीटर होता है, जो विश्व भर में स्थलीय, समुद्री और मीठे पानी के वातावरण में पाए जाते हैं, और शुष्क रेगिस्तानों से लेकर हिमालय की ऊंचाइयों तक चरम स्थितियों में जीवित रहने के लिए जाने जाते हैं। वे कई वर्षों तक बिना भोजन या पानी के भी रह सकते हैं, हालांकि उनका औसत जीवनकाल एक दशक से अधिक नहीं होता है। उल्लेखनीय लचीलेपन के कारण टार्डिग्रेड्स पृथ्वी पर लगभग 600 मिलियन वर्षों तक जीवित रह सके हैं, तथा निकट भविष्य में महत्वपूर्ण जलवायु परिवर्तनों को सहन करने में सक्षम हो सके हैं। उत्तरजीविता तंत्र – क्रिप्टोबायोसिस (Survival Mechanism – Cryptobiosis): ट्यून (tun) नामक एक गेंद के आकार में सिकुड़कर शीतनिद्रा जैसी अवस्था में प्रवेश करना। वे अपने पैरों और सिर को अपने बाह्यकंकाल में वापस ले लेते हैं और शरीर की लगभग सभी प्रक्रियाओं को बंद कर देते हैं। अनुकूल परिस्थितियां आने पर सामान्य गतिविधियां पुनः शुरू करना। इसरो टार्डिग्रेड्स को अंतरिक्ष में क्यों ले जा रहा है? टार्डिग्रेड्स एकमात्र ज्ञात प्राणी हैं जो अंतरिक्ष के ठंडे शून्य में भी जीवित रहने में सक्षम हैं। 2007 में, यूरोपीय अंतरिक्ष एजेंसी (ईएसए) के मिशन पर एक चालक दल रहित रूसी कैप्सूल ने लगभग 3,000 टार्डिग्रेड्स को 10 दिनों के लिए अंतरिक्ष के निर्वात में रखा, और उन्हें पृथ्वी की निचली कक्षा में छोड़ दिया गया। दो-तिहाई से ज़्यादा जीव मिशन में बच गए और धरती पर लौटने पर उन्होंने संतानों को जन्म भी दिया। इसरो परियोजना निष्क्रिय टार्डिग्रेड्स के पुनर्जीवन की जांच करेगी, मिशन के दौरान दिए गए और फूटे अंडों की संख्या की गणना करेगी, तथा अंतरिक्ष में उड़ान भरने वाली आबादी बनाम जमीनी नियंत्रण आबादी के जीन अभिव्यक्ति पैटर्न की तुलना करेगी। इस शोध का उद्देश्य लचीलेपन के आणविक तंत्रों की पहचान करना है, जिससे चरम वातावरण में जीवन की सीमाओं के बारे में समझ को बढ़ावा मिल सके। स्रोत : Indian Express संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद सुधार (UN SECURITY COUNCIL REFORMS) श्रेणी: अंतर्राष्ट्रीय प्रसंग: भारत ने संशोधित संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद में प्रतिनिधित्व के आधार के रूप में धर्म और आस्था जैसे नए मानदंडों को शामिल करने के प्रयासों की आलोचना की है तथा कहा है कि यह क्षेत्रीय प्रतिनिधित्व के स्वीकृत आधार के पूरी तरह विपरीत है। संदर्भ का दृष्टिकोण: भारत ने जोर देकर कहा कि एक समेकित मॉडल, जो स्थायी और अस्थायी दोनों श्रेणियों में विस्तार को कवर नहीं करता है, सुधार के उद्देश्य को प्राप्त नहीं करेगा। Learning Corner: स्थापना और कानूनी आधार: संयुक्त राष्ट्र चार्टर (1945) के तहत निर्मित, अध्याय V (अनुच्छेद 23-32) संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद की संरचना, शक्तियों और प्रक्रियाओं को रेखांकित करता है। अनुच्छेद 23: 15 सदस्यों के साथ संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद की स्थापना करता है – 5 स्थायी (पी5: अमेरिका, रूस, चीन, ब्रिटेन, फ्रांस) और 10 गैर-स्थायी, जो 2 वर्ष के कार्यकाल के लिए चुने जाते हैं। अनुच्छेद 24: शांति और सुरक्षा के लिए प्राथमिक जिम्मेदारी प्रदान करता है, जिसके निर्णय सभी संयुक्त राष्ट्र सदस्यों पर बाध्यकारी होंगे। अनुच्छेद 27: मूल मुद्दों पर पी5 को वीटो शक्ति प्रदान करता है, जिसके तहत निर्णय के लिए 9/15 वोट की आवश्यकता होती है। संरचना और कार्य: स्थायी सदस्य (पी5): चीन, फ्रांस, रूस, यूनाइटेड किंगडम और संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका। द्वितीय विश्व युद्ध के बाद की भू-राजनीतिक वास्तविकताओं को दर्शाते हुए वीटो शक्ति रखते हैं। गैर-स्थायी सदस्य: 10 (क्षेत्रीय प्रतिनिधित्व के आधार पर दो वर्ष के कार्यकाल के लिए संयुक्त राष्ट्र महासभा द्वारा चुने जाते हैं, तत्काल पुनर्निर्वाचन के लिए पात्र नहीं होते)। कार्य: शांति स्थापना मिशन, प्रतिबंध और सैन्य कार्रवाइयों को अधिकृत करना। शांति के लिए खतरों का समाधान करना। नए संयुक्त राष्ट्र सदस्यों के प्रवेश को मंजूरी देना (महासभा की सिफारिश पर)। संयुक्त राष्ट्र महासचिव की नियुक्ति की सिफारिश करना। भारत की भागीदारी: गैर-स्थायी सदस्य: 8 कार्यकाल (सबसे हाल ही में 2021-2022) तक सेवा की, सुधारों और आतंकवाद विरोधी उपायों की वकालत की। जी4 वकालत: भारत, ब्राजील, जर्मनी और जापान के साथ, समकालीन वैश्विक वास्तविकताओं (1.4 अरब जनसंख्या, 5वीं सबसे बड़ी अर्थव्यवस्था) को प्रतिबिंबित करने के लिए स्थायी सदस्यता चाहता है। विभिन्न समूहों की स्थिति जी-4 देशों ने दोहराया कि कोई भी सुधार, जिसमें स्थायी और अस्थायी दोनों श्रेणियों का विस्तार शामिल न हो, व्यापक सदस्यता की दृष्टि से अधूरा है। अर्जेंटीना, कनाडा, कोलंबिया, कोस्टा रिका, माल्टा, मैक्सिको, पाकिस्तान, कोरिया गणराज्य, सैन मैरिनो, स्पेन, तुर्किये और इटली से मिलकर बना यूनाइटिंग फॉर कन्सेनसस (यूएफसी) समूह, विशेष रूप से गैर-स्थायी श्रेणी में सुरक्षा परिषद की सीटों की संख्या बढ़ाने के अपने रुख पर कायम है। यूएफसी ने 27 सदस्यीय सुरक्षा परिषद का प्रस्ताव रखा है, जिसमें स्थायी सदस्यों की संख्या में कोई वृद्धि नहीं की जाएगी, जो वर्तमान में पांच है। स्रोत : The Hindu पीला सागर (YELLOW SEA) श्रेणी: भूगोल संदर्भ: दक्षिण चीन सागर में इसी तरह की आक्रामक मुद्रा अपनाने के बाद, चीन अब पीले सागर में एक विशाल स्टील रिग का निर्माण करके अपनी चाल को आगे बढ़ा रहा है। संदर्भ का दृष्टिकोण: यह घटनाक्रम चीन और दक्षिण कोरिया के बीच संघर्ष का एक नया स्रोत बन गया है। Learning Corner:  पीला सागर पश्चिमी प्रशांत महासागर का एक सीमांत सागर है। अवस्थिति: मुख्य भूमि चीन (पश्चिम/उत्तर) और कोरियाई प्रायद्वीप (पूर्व) के बीच, पूर्वी चीन सागर के उत्तर में, यांग्त्ज़ी नदी के मुहाने से जेजू द्वीप तक स्थित है। इसका नाम इसके पानी के पीले रंग से लिया गया है, जो चीन में पीली नदी (हुआंग हे) से आने वाली रेत के कणों के कारण आता है। मुख्य विशेषताएं: इसमें बोहाई सागर (उत्तरपश्चिम), सोकोट्रा रॉक (इयोडो), और कई द्वीप (जैसे, जेजू) शामिल हैं। महत्वपूर्ण बंदरगाह: चीन: तियानजिन, क़िंगदाओ, डालियान दक्षिण कोरिया: इंचियोन उत्तर कोरिया: नम्पो सामरिक महत्व: आर्थिक मूल्य: मछली पकड़ने (चीन की मछली पकड़ का 10%), संभावित तेल/गैस भंडार, और प्रमुख शिपिंग लेन (जैसे, क़िंगदाओ बंदरगाह) का समर्थन करता है। सैन्य महत्व: चीनी नौसैनिक अड्डे (जैसे, क़िंगदाओ, PLAN उत्तरी सागर बेड़ा) और दक्षिण कोरियाई संपत्ति (जैसे, इंचियोन) स्थित हैं। अनंतिम उपाय क्षेत्र (पीएमजेड): चीन और दक्षिण कोरिया द्वारा 2001 में अतिव्यापी विशिष्ट आर्थिक क्षेत्रों (ईईजेड) का प्रबंधन करने के लिए स्थापित किया गया, जिसमें संयुक्त मत्स्य पालन की अनुमति दी गई, लेकिन एकतरफा संरचनाओं पर प्रतिबंध लगाया गया। विवाद और मुद्दे: ईईजेड ओवरलैप: चीन और दक्षिण कोरिया के 200 समुद्री मील के ईईजेड समुद्र की संकीर्ण चौड़ाई (~ 400 मील) के कारण ओवरलैप होते हैं, तथा 2015 से वार्ता के बावजूद इनकी कोई अंतिम समुद्री सीमा नहीं बन पाई है। सोकोट्रा रॉक (इयोडो): यह जलमग्न चट्टान दोनों देशों द्वारा अपनाई गई है (दक्षिण कोरिया के माराडो से 80 मील दूर, चीन के शेशान से 155 मील दूर)। दक्षिण कोरिया के अनुसंधान स्टेशन (2003) और चीन के बुओया (2014) ने तनाव को बढ़ावा दिया है। स्रोत : Economic Times पृथ्वी दिवस (EARTH DAY) श्रेणी: पर्यावरण संदर्भ: हर साल 22 अप्रैल को विश्व भर के लोग पर्यावरणीय मुद्दों के बारे में जागरूकता बढ़ाने और इसकी सुरक्षा के लिए कार्रवाई को प्रोत्साहित करने हेतु पृथ्वी दिवस मनाने के लिए एक साथ आते हैं। संदर्भ का दृष्टिकोण: पृथ्वी दिवस 2025 का थीम “हमारी शक्ति, हमारा ग्रह” है, जो शिक्षा, वकालत और सामुदायिक समर्थन के माध्यम से कार्रवाई करने पर केंद्रित है। Learning Corner: प्रदूषण, वनों की कटाई और औद्योगिक कचरे पर बढ़ती सार्वजनिक चिंता के बीच 1970 में शुरू हुआ पहला पृथ्वी दिवस अमेरिकी सीनेटर गेलोर्ड नेल्सन के दिमाग की उपज था और इसका नेतृत्व कार्यकर्ता डेनिस हेस ने किया था। वैश्विक पहुंच: EARTHDAY.ORG (पूर्व में अर्थ डे नेटवर्क) द्वारा समन्वित, अब 190 से अधिक देशों में मनाया जाता है, जिसमें प्रतिवर्ष 1 बिलियन प्रतिभागी शामिल होते हैं। उद्देश्य: पर्यावरणीय मुद्दों के बारे में जागरूकता बढ़ाना: जलवायु परिवर्तन, प्रदूषण, वनों की कटाई और जैव विविधता की हानि। सतत प्रथाओं को बढ़ावा देना: नवीकरणीय ऊर्जा, अपशिष्ट में कमी, और संरक्षण। नीतिगत परिवर्तन और जमीनी स्तर पर कार्रवाई के लिए सरकारों, व्यवसायों और नागरिकों को संगठित करना। स्रोत : NDTV Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs दैनिक अभ्यास प्रश्न: Q1. संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद (यूएनएससी) के बारे में निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं? संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद में 15 सदस्य हैं, जिनमें 10 स्थायी और 5 अस्थायी सदस्य हैं। भारत संयुक्त राष्ट्र सुरक्षा परिषद का संस्थापक सदस्य है। मूल निर्णय के लिए कम से कम 9 वोटों की आवश्यकता होती है, जिसमें सभी पांच स्थायी सदस्यों की सहमति भी शामिल है। नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें:  A) केवल 1 और 2  B) केवल 2 और 3  C) केवल 3  D) केवल 1 और 3   Q2.पीला सागर निम्नलिखित में से किस देश से सीमाबद्ध है? चीन जापान दक्षिण कोरिया उत्तर कोरिया नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें:  A) केवल 1 और 2  B) केवल 1, 3 और 4  C) 1, 2, 3 और 4  D) केवल 2 और 4   Q3.पृथ्वी दिवस के संबंध में निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार करें: पर्यावरण संरक्षण के बारे में जागरूकता बढ़ाने के लिए 22 अप्रैल को पृथ्वी दिवस मनाया जाता है। पहला पृथ्वी दिवस संयुक्त राष्ट्र द्वारा 1970 में मनाया गया था। पृथ्वी दिवस 2025 का थीम “ग्रह बनाम प्लास्टिक” है। निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा कथन सही है/हैं?  A) केवल 1  B) केवल 1 और 2  C) केवल 2 और 3  D) उपरोक्त सभी Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 17th April – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  a Q.2) – c Q.3) – a

[DAY 36] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2025 ENVIRONMENT, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Hello Friends The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year. It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday) CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis. To Know More about 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series – CLICK HERE   60 Day Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series Schedule – CLICK HERE  Important Note Comment your Scores in the Comment Section. This will keep you accountable, responsible and sincere in days to come. It will help us come out with the Cut-Off on a Daily Basis. Let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂  You can post your comments in the given format  (1) Your Score (2) Matrix Meter (3) New Learning from the Test The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2025 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2025. Click Here To Take The Test -> Click Here