Please note, our website will be undergoing scheduled maintenance on Monday, 25th November night from 11:00 PM to 3:00 AM IST (5:30 PM to 9:30 PM UTC) and will be temporarily unavailable. Sorry for the inconvenience.

Posts

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 6th September 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   GROSS FIXED CAPITAL FORMATION  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: The World bank  projected a decline in investments in Indian economy as captured by Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF). Background: – According to the World Bank, GFCF growth is expected to reduce to 7.8 per cent in FY25, down from 9.0 per cent in FY24. The GFCF growth rate stood at 6.6 per cent in FY23, the data showed. About Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF) refers to the net investment by an economy in fixed assets such as buildings, machinery, equipment, and infrastructure during a specific period, typically a year. It is an important indicator of a country’s economic growth and development as it reflects the level of long-term investments made to improve production capacity. Definition: GFCF represents the total value of a country’s investments in fixed assets minus the depreciation (wear and tear) of existing assets. It includes spending on physical assets like factories, roads, bridges, machinery, and technology that are used in the production process. Components of GFCF: Business Investments: Spending by companies on things like buildings, factories, machinery, and technology. Government Investments: Government spending on infrastructure such as roads, schools, hospitals, and public utilities. Household Investments: Spending by households on durable goods like homes (real estate investments). Why is GFCF Important? Economic Growth: Higher GFCF generally indicates that an economy is investing in future production capacity, which can lead to increased economic output (GDP) over time. Productivity and Employment: Investments in new machinery and infrastructure often lead to more efficient production processes, which can improve productivity and create more jobs. Improving Living Standards: Investments in infrastructure like roads, power plants, and schools help improve the overall quality of life for people. GFCF vs. GDP: GFCF is a component of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) under the expenditure method, which calculates GDP as the sum of consumption, investment, government spending, and net exports. While GDP measures the total economic output, GFCF specifically focuses on the portion of that output dedicated to building long-term assets. Types of Fixed Assets: Tangible Assets: These include physical things like buildings, machinery, and equipment. Intangible Assets: Although less common in GFCF, it may also include investments in non-physical assets like patents, software, and research and development. Source: Swarajya UNFCCC LOSS AND DAMAGE FUND  Syllabus Mains – GS 2 & GS 3 Context: Following the recent devastating landslides in Kerala’s Wayanad district, a critical discussion has arisen about whether subnational entities, like states, can seek compensation through the Loss and Damage Fund (LDF) under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Background: – While the demand for access to LDF by states is justifiable, accessing climate funds is far more complex than it appears. Loss and Damage Fund (LDF) Established: At the 2022 UNFCCC Conference (COP27) in Egypt. Purpose: To provide financial support for economic and non-economic losses caused by climate change (e.g., extreme weather events, rising sea levels). Oversight: Managed by a Governing Board, with the World Bank serving as the interim trustee. Access Mechanisms: Currently being developed, including direct access, small grants, and rapid disbursement options. Challenges: Concerns that funds may be slow to disburse, especially for subnational entities and local communities. India’s Role Damage Costs: India incurred over $56 billion in damages from weather-related disasters between 2019 and 2023. Focus on Mitigation: India’s National Climate Action Policy prioritizes mitigation over adaptation, leading to limited engagement in Loss and Damage dialogues at COP meetings. Need for Legal Framework: A clear legal and policy framework is required to streamline climate finance, especially for adaptation and loss and damage. Climate Finance Taxonomy: Introduced in Union Budget 2024, raising hopes for more international climate finance. Advocacy: India should push for decentralised fund disbursement methods from the LDF to ensure better access for vulnerable communities. State-Level Interventions State governments often bear the burden of disaster recovery, as seen in Kerala’s Rebuild Kerala Development Programme after the 2018 floods, funded by loans from international institutions. International Climate Finance: Plays a critical role in rebuilding infrastructure (e.g., roads, bridges) post-disaster. Assessment Gaps: India lacks a standardised method for assessing slow-onset disaster-related damages, which could hinder access to LDF in the future. Conclusion Policy Need: India needs a stronger domestic framework focused on locally led adaptation and clearer guidelines for accessing loss and damage funds to protect vulnerable communities from climate change impacts. Source: Hindu AFRICA AND INDIA’S CRITICAL MINERAL MISSION  Syllabus Mains : GS 2 Context: In the Union Budget 2024-25, Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the establishment of a Critical Mineral Mission. In August, the Ministry of Mines held a seminar to outline the mission’s objectives. The government is actively pursuing various strategies to ensure critical mineral security. Background: India have to collaborate with countries which has a significant amount of the world’s known critical mineral reserves. Indias efforts in critical mineral front The Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Amendment Act, 2023 amended the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) Act, 1957, with the aim of strengthening the exploration and extraction of critical minerals. The amendment removed 6 minerals from the list of 12 atomic minerals limited to exploration by State agencies (i.e., lithium, beryllium, niobium, titanium, tantalum and zirconium). This opens up opportunities for private sector involvement in their exploration and mining. Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL): To engage with mineral-rich countries overseas with a mandate to secure supply of critical minerals, a joint venture of three public sector undertakings, Khanij Bidesh India Limited (KABIL), was founded in 2019. Lithium Agreement: In January 2024, KABIL signed its first major agreement for lithium exploration and mining, accessing five blocks in Catamarca province, Argentina. Africa in India’s Supply Chain African Mineral Reserves: Africa holds 30% of the world’s known critical mineral reserves, crucial for India’s Critical Mineral Mission. India-Africa Relations: Strong political, economic, and historic ties, including a 3-million-strong Indian diaspora, offer a foundation for collaboration. Trade and Investments: In 2022-23, India-Africa bilateral trade totaled $98 billion, with $43 billion from the mining and mineral sectors. India also invests in African energy assets, sourcing 34 million tonnes of oil from the region. Opportunities: African countries are shifting to value-added mineral processing, which aligns with India’s goals. For example, Tanzania is developing a multi-metal processing facility, and Zimbabwe and Namibia have banned raw mineral exports. China Factor China’s Influence: China dominates the critical minerals value chain, with significant control over cobalt mining in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This poses economic and security risks for India. Collaboration Opportunities Infrastructure Development: Indian companies have completed projects in 43 African countries, such as transmission lines and hospitals. Strategic infrastructure projects can support critical mineral extraction. MoUs with Zambia and Zimbabwe: India has agreements for geological mapping, mineral deposit modeling, and capacity building. Training Programs: India’s Indian Technical and Economic Cooperation (ITEC) program has trained 40,000 Africans, providing a pathway to build a critical mineral workforce. Technology and Startups Role of Indian Startups: Innovating tools for mining exploration, ecological impact reduction, and mineral ore beneficiation. These startups offer niche services that African governments can leverage for value addition. Prioritizing Responsible Practices Value Addition: African leaders emphasize the need for value-added processing to transform lives. India’s Critical Mineral Mission should focus on responsible practices amid the geopolitics of the green energy transition. Challenges: India’s exploration and processing capacity for critical minerals is still developing. It lacks manufacturing capacity for end-use components and needs to upskill its labor force, especially in battery manufacturing. Source: Hindu CENTRALISED PENSION PAYMENT SYSTEM  Syllabus Prelims : CURRENT EVENT Context: The Union Labour Ministry has cleared a proposal for Centralised Pension Payment System (CPPS) for about 78 lakh pensioners under the Employees’ Pension Scheme, 1995. Background: – The CPPS aims to provide a more efficient, seamless, and user-friendly experience for pensioners. About Centralised Pension Payment System The Centralised Pension Payment System (CPPS) is a new initiative by the Indian government to modernize pension disbursements under the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS). Unlike the current system, which is as of now decentralised and managed by individual Zonal/Regional Offices of the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO), the new system CPPS will centralise the pension disbursement at a national level. The new system enables pension disbursement through any bank, any branch across the country. This system is part of the EPFO’s Centralized IT Enabled System (CITES 2.01). The system will enable pensioners to access their pensions without the need for physical verification at bank branches. Key points about CPPS: Nationwide Access: Starting January 1, 2025, pensioners will be able to receive their pensions from any bank, any branch across India. No PPO Transfers: Pensioners will no longer need to transfer Pension Payment Orders (PPOs) when moving or changing banks, addressing long-standing issues faced by retirees. Immediate Pension Credit: Pensions will be credited immediately upon release, with no need for branch visits for verification. Aadhaar-Based Payment System: In the next phase, CPPS will transition to an Aadhaar-based payment system (ABPS), further enhancing efficiency and security. The Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS) The Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS), introduced in 1995, is a social security initiative managed by the Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO). Key details: Eligibility: Employees who are members of the EPFO and have completed at least 10 years of service are eligible for EPS benefits. The pension is typically available from the age of 58, with early pension options starting at 50. Contributions: Both the employee and employer contribute 12% of the employee’s basic salary and Dearness Allowance (DA) to the EPF. Out of the employer’s contribution, 8.33% goes to the EPS. Pension Calculation: The pension amount is calculated based on the average salary of the last 60 months and the total years of service. Minimum Pension: The scheme guarantees a minimum monthly pension of ₹1,000, regardless of the contributions made. Benefits: EPS provides a fixed income after retirement, disability pension, and family pension in case of the member’s death. Source: The Hindu FASTER ADOPTION AND MANUFACTURING OF ELECTRIC VEHICLES (FAME) SCHEME  Syllabus Prelims : CURRENT EVENT Context: The Indian government is set to launch the third phase of the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME-III) scheme within the next two months. Background: – FAME-III will continue the momentum from the previous phases, which significantly increased EV sales and industry participation. The scheme is expected to focus on local manufacturing and sustainable growth in the EV sector. About Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) The Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) scheme is a significant part of India’s National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP). It aims to promote the adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles in the country through incentives and subsidies. Objectives of FAME: Reduce Vehicular Emissions: To decrease pollution from vehicles and improve air quality. Promote Electric Mobility: Encourage the use of electric and hybrid vehicles. Develop Charging Infrastructure: Establish a widespread network of charging stations. Boost Domestic Manufacturing: Support the local manufacturing of electric vehicles and related components. Phases of FAME: FAME-I (2015-2019) Objective: To promote the use of electric and hybrid vehicles. Incentives: Provided subsidies for electric two-wheelers, three-wheelers, four-wheelers, and buses. Impact: Helped in the initial adoption of EVs and raised awareness about their benefits. FAME-II (2019-2024) Objective: To expand the scope and scale of FAME-I. Incentives: Focused on public and shared transportation, including electric buses, three-wheelers, and four-wheelers. Infrastructure: Emphasized the development of charging infrastructure. Impact: Significant increase in EV sales and infrastructure development. Upcoming FAME-III Objective: To further accelerate EV adoption and local manufacturing. Focus Areas: Likely to include more incentives for local manufacturing, innovation, and sustainable growth in the EV sector. Timeline: Expected to be launched within the next 1-2 months. Source: IBEF EXERCISE VARUNA  Syllabus Prelims: CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, a P8I aircraft of the Indian Navy has reached France to participate in ‘Exercise Varuna’ with the French Navy. Background: – The P8I Poseidon is a specialized aircraft designed for maritime patrol and reconnaissance missions, playing a crucial role in coastal patrolling, monitoring the seas, anti-submarine warfare, and search-and-rescue missions. About Exercise Varuna Exercise Varuna is an annual bilateral naval exercise between the Indian Navy and the French Navy, reflecting the strategic partnership between India and France. History and Significance Initiation: The exercise began in 1993 and was named ‘Varuna’ in 2001. Purpose: It aims to enhance interoperability, improve coordination, and share best practices between the two navies. Scope and Activities Operations: The exercise includes a wide range of naval operations such as cross-deck operations, replenishment-at-sea, minesweeping, anti-submarine warfare, and information sharing. Phases: Typically conducted in multiple phases, it involves complex tactical manoeuvres and joint operations. Recent Edition (2024) Location: Held in the Mediterranean Sea from September 2 to September 4, 2024. Participants: The Indian Navy deployed the INS Tabar and a P8I Poseidon aircraft, marking the first European deployment of this aircraft. Significance: This edition is notable for being the first time in 63 years that an Indian Navy aircraft operated from a French airbase. Objectives Enhancing Cooperation: The exercise aims to foster mutual cooperation for maintaining good order at sea and ensuring maritime security. Skill Development: It provides an opportunity for both navies to hone their warfighting skills and improve their operational capabilities. Source: Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Exercise Varuna, recently seen in news is an annual bilateral naval exercise between the India and the Australia France Israel Malaysia Q2.) With reference to the Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME), consider the following statements: The Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of Electric Vehicles scheme aims to promote the adoption of electric and hybrid vehicles in the country through incentives and subsidies. It is a part of India’s National Electric Mobility Mission Plan (NEMMP). Which of the statements given above is/are not correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) With reference to the Centralised Pension Payment System (CPPS), consider the following statements: CPPS aims to modernize pension disbursements under the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS). Under the CPPS pensioners of the country can receive their pension from any bank, any branch, anywhere in the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  6th September 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  5th September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  b Q.2) – c Q.3) – a

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 6th September 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here  

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 5th September 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   CRIME AGAINST WOMEN  Syllabus Mains – GS 1 & GS 2 Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi recently emphasised that atrocities committed against women and the safety of children are a serious concern in society. Background: – The United Nations defines violence against women as “any act of gender-based violence that results in, or is likely to result in, physical, sexual, or mental harm or suffering to women, including threats of such acts, coercion or arbitrary deprivation of liberty, whether occurring in public or in private life”. Status of Crimes Against Women in India as per NCRB Data (2022): Total cases: 4,45,256 (4% increase from 2021). Main categories: The majority of cases under crime against women were registered under ‘cruelty by husband or his relatives’ at 31.4 per cent followed by kidnapping and abduction of women at 19.2 per cent assault on women with intent to outrage her modesty at 18.7 per cent and rape at 7.1 per cent. Cyber crimes against women – cyber pornography/ hosting/ publishing obscene sexual material – accounted for 14,409 cases (21.8 per cent). The crime rate registered per lakh women population was 66.4 in 2022 compared to 64.5 in 2021. There are various types of violence faced by women, such as: Femicide: It is the deliberate killing of a woman or a girl simply because she is female. Gender-based violence can also encompass honor killings, which involve the murder of a family member due to the belief that the individual has brought shame upon the family. Sexual Violence: According to UN Women, Sexual violence is any sort of harmful or unwanted sexual behaviour that is imposed on someone. It includes acts of abusive sexual contact, forced engagement in sexual acts, attempted or completed sexual acts with a woman without her consent, sexual harassment, verbal abuse, threats, exposure, unwanted touching, incest, and others. Sexual violence can include sexual harassment, rape, corrective rape, and other forms of sexual assault. Domestic Violence: Section 3 of the Domestic Violence Act, 2005 (DV Act), defines domestic violence as any act, omission, commission or conduct of the respondent that harms or injures or endangers the health, safety, life, limb or well-being, whether mental or physical, of the aggrieved person or tends to do so and includes causing physical abuse, sexual abuse, verbal and emotional abuse and economic abuse. Technology-facilitated Violence: Cyberbullying, doxing, non-consensual sexting, image-based abuse. Child Marriage: Early marriage leading to health risks and reduced decision-making power for girls. Legal Frameworks for Women’s Safety in India Constitutional Provisions: Article 14: Equal rights and opportunities. Article 15: Prohibits gender-based discrimination. Article 15(3): Special provisions for women. Article 16: Equal job opportunities. Article 39(c): Equal pay for equal work. Article 42: Just and humane working conditions, maternity relief. Article 51(A)(e): Renounce practices derogatory to women’s dignity. Key Acts: PoSH Act, 2013: Sexual harassment prevention at workplaces. Domestic Violence Act, 2005: Protection from abuse by partners/family members. POCSO Act, 2012: Protection of children from sexual offences. Dowry Prohibition Act, 1961: Criminalizes dowry demands. Child Marriage Restraint Act, 1976: Raises legal marriage age (18 for girls, 21 for boys). National Commission for Women Act, 1990: Established NCW to safeguard women’s rights. Source: Indian Express CENTER, TRIPURA SIGN PEACE PACT WITH TWO INSURGENT GROUP  Syllabus Mains – GS 3 Context: Over 328 cadres of the National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) and the All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) will give up arms after the banned insurgent outfits signed a memorandum of settlement with the Central and Tripura Governments. Background: – Tripura has experienced prolonged insurgency driven by ethnic tensions, political instability, and socio-economic challenges. Key takeaways The roots of the conflict date back to the early 20th century, but insurgency in its organized form began in the 1960s and escalated in the 1980s. The main cause of insurgency was the demographic change in Tripura caused by the large-scale migration of Bengalis from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) after the Partition in 1947. This migration led to the indigenous tribal population feeling politically marginalized and economically dispossessed. Major Insurgent Groups Sengkrak: The first insurgent group in Tripura, Sengkrak, was formed in 1967. Though it did not last long, it laid the foundation for future insurgent movements by voicing the concerns of the indigenous tribal people. Tripura National Volunteers (TNV) (1978): The TNV accused the Indian government of neglecting tribal rights and opposed the influx of Bengali migrants. The TNV signed a peace accord with the government in 1988, which led to its disbandment. National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT) (1989): One of the most notorious insurgent groups in Tripura, the NLFT was formed with the goal of establishing an independent Tripuri state. It operated from sanctuaries in Bangladesh. All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF) :Formed in 1990, the ATTF aimed to expel Bengali migrants from Tripura and restore tribal rights. Like the NLFT, it also operated from bases in Bangladesh. By the late 2000s, it had become largely inactive due to internal splits, desertions, and counter-insurgency operations. Key Phases of the Insurgency Early Insurgency (1960s–1970s): The insurgency began with the formation of groups like Sengkrak, which focused on protecting tribal identity and opposing the influx of Bengali settlers. This phase was characterized by sporadic violence and political movements aimed at protecting tribal land rights. Escalation in the 1980s–1990s: The late 1980s and early 1990s saw a sharp rise in insurgent activity, as groups like the NLFT and ATTF became more organized and militant. Insurgents launched attacks on security forces, carried out kidnappings, and imposed “taxes” on civilians. This period was the most violent. Counter-Insurgency Efforts and Decline (Late 1990s–2000s): The Indian government responded to the insurgency with a combination of military action and peace initiatives. The Tripura State Rifles (TSR), a specialized paramilitary force, played a key role in counter-insurgency operations. The Left Front government, led by the Communist Party of India (Marxist), adopted a mix of force and incentives to reduce insurgent violence. Several insurgent leaders surrendered in exchange for economic rehabilitation packages, which included an immediate grant of Rs. 1.5 lakh, vocational training, and a monthly stipend of Rs. 2,000. These measures significantly weakened insurgent groups and led to a sharp decline in violence. Factors Behind the Decline of Insurgency Government Rehabilitation Programs: The government offered lucrative rehabilitation packages to surrender, which included financial grants, vocational training, and employment opportunities. Development Initiatives: The government focused on economic development and infrastructure in Tripura, which helped address some of the grievances of the tribal population, including unemployment and lack of access to basic services. Counter-Insurgency Operations: The Indian Army, Border Security Force (BSF), and the TSR launched coordinated counter-insurgency operations, effectively dismantling insurgent camps and cutting off supply lines from Bangladesh. Improved Relations with Bangladesh: Cooperation between India and Bangladesh played a crucial role in curbing insurgency. The Bangladesh government, particularly under Sheikh Hasina, cracked down on insurgent bases and reduced the ability of groups like the NLFT and ATTF to operate from across the border. Source: Indian Express GENOME MAPPING  Syllabus Prelims & Mains : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Gujarat Biotechnology Research Centre (GBRC) has published the only fully mapped genome of the Chandipura Vesiculovirus (CHPV) — the viral infection that caused at least a third of the encephalitis or brain swelling cases in Gujarat during the outbreak in July-August. Background: Chandipura is a viral infection that can lead to outbreaks of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) or brain swelling. It is known to cause fever, headache, and encephalitis leading to convulsions, coma, and death, usually within a few days of the symptoms showing up. What is Genome Mapping? Genome mapping is the process of finding the specific locations of genes on each chromosome. It is akin to creating a map that helps scientists navigate the genome, much like how a city map helps people find their way around. Steps in Genome Mapping Sample Collection: DNA is extracted from the cells of the organism being studied. Marker Identification: Identifying genetic markers, which are known sequences of DNA that vary among individuals. Mapping: Using genetic or physical mapping techniques to determine the positions of these markers on the chromosomes. Data Analysis: Analyzing the data to create a map that shows the relative or absolute positions of genes and markers. Applications of Genome Mapping Disease Research: Genome mapping provides important clues on where a virus comes from, how it is changing, and whether it has any mutations that are likely to make it more transmissible or deadly. Sequencing viral genomes helps researchers keep an eye on viruses that may lead to outbreaks in the future. Agriculture: Assists in breeding programs by identifying genes responsible for desirable traits in crops and livestock. Evolutionary Biology: Provides insights into the genetic relationships and evolutionary history of different species. Notable Projects Human Genome Project: One of the most significant genome mapping projects, which aimed to map the entire human genome. It provided a foundation for many advances in genetics and medicine. 1000 Genomes Project: Aimed to create a detailed map of human genetic variation by sequencing the genomes of a large number of people from different populations Source: Indian Express E SHRAM PORTAL  Syllabus Prelims & Mains: ECONOMY Context: The Ministry of Labour & Employment (MoLE) has recently reported that the eShram portal has registered over 30 crore unorganised workers. Background: – This significant milestone highlights the portal’s widespread adoption among workers in the unorganised sector, including migrant workers, gig workers, agricultural workers, and many others. About eShram portal The eShram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment on August 26, 2021. The eShram portal aims to create a comprehensive national database of unorganised workers to facilitate the delivery of social security and welfare schemes. This initiative is a crucial step towards ensuring better access to benefits and protections for these workers. Key Benefits for Migrant Workers: Comprehensive Registration: Migrant workers can register themselves on the portal, ensuring they are included in the national database of unorganised workers. Family Details: The portal captures family details of migrant workers, which can be crucial for accessing various welfare schemes. Access to Social Security: By registering on eShram, migrant workers can easily access social security benefits and welfare schemes designed for unorganised workers. Job Opportunities: Integration with the National Career Service (NCS) Portal allows migrant workers to search for suitable job opportunities using their Universal Account Number (UAN). Skill Development: The portal is linked with the Skill India Digital portal, providing migrant workers with opportunities for skill enhancement and apprenticeships. Pension Scheme: Migrant workers aged between 18-40 years can register for the Pradhan Mantri Shram-Yogi Maandhan (PM-SYM) pension scheme using their UAN. Government Schemes: Through integration with the My Scheme portal, migrant workers can discover and apply for various government schemes they are eligible for. Source: PIB DRUG REPURPOSING  Syllabus Prelims : SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Researchers have been exploring the potential of repurposing existing drugs, including antidepressants, for cancer management. Background: – This research group has shown that Selegiline (L-deprenyl), an antidepressant drug from a class of drugs called monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors, might be applied as anticancer therapeutics for breast cancer. About Drug Repurposing Drug repurposing, also known as drug repositioning or reprofiling, involves identifying new therapeutic uses for existing or investigational drugs. It is the technique of using an existing drug or drug candidate for a new treatment or medical condition for which it was not indicated before. The goal of drug repurposing is to quickly identify compounds with an established safety profile and known therapeutic advantages that may prove efficacious for other indications. Benefits of Drug Repurposing: Cost-Effective: Utilizes existing drugs with known safety profiles, reducing the need for extensive safety testing. Faster Development: Can expedite the process of bringing treatments to market, especially in urgent situations like the COVID-19 pandemic. Broad Applications: Effective for a wide range of conditions, including rare diseases, oncology, and infectious diseases. Examples of Successful Drug Repurposing: Sildenafil (Viagra): Originally developed for hypertension, later found effective for erectile dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension. Thalidomide: Initially used for morning sickness, repurposed for leprosy and multiple myeloma. Challenges: Regulatory Hurdles: Navigating the regulatory landscape for new indications can be complex. Intellectual Property Issues: Patent and exclusivity concerns may arise when repurposing drugs. Source: DST AGRI FUND FOR START-UPS & RURAL ENTERPRISES (AGRISURE)  Syllabus Prelims: ECONOMY Context: Recently, the union minister for Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare and Rural Development launched the AgriSURE Scheme in New Delhi. Background: – This scheme is part of the government’s broader efforts to empower farmers and boost the agricultural sector, ensuring increased production, reduced costs, and better prices for farmers. About AgriSURE Agri Fund for Start-ups & Rural Enterprises (AgriSURE)Fund is an innovative fund which is a pioneering step toward revolutionizing the agricultural landscape in India. The AgriSURE Fund is a financial initiative aimed at supporting agricultural start-ups and rural enterprises in India. It is a collaborative initiative between the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare and the National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NABARD). The fund aims to support agricultural start-ups and rural enterprises by providing financial assistance through a blended capital fund of ₹750 crore.It provides both equity and debt support to agritech start-ups and agripreneurs. It targets high-risk, high-impact activities across the agriculture value chain. AgriSURE Fund is registered as a Category-II Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) with SEBI. Objectives: Investment-Friendly Climate: Create an environment conducive to investment for start-ups in agriculture and allied activities. Growth Acceleration: Accelerate the growth of start-ups within the agricultural ecosystem. Capital Commitments: Increase and sustain capital commitments to sector-specific AIFs. Encouraging Entrepreneurs: Support young entrepreneurs with innovative, technology-driven ideas. Liquidity Provision: Provide liquidity to existing agri and agri-tech start-ups. Linkage Systems: Strengthen the farm produce value chain. Access to Technology: Enable FPOs, FPCs, and Primary Cooperative Societies to access the latest farm technologies. Employment Opportunities: Create additional employment opportunities for rural and urban youth. Youth Retention and Encouragement: Retain and encourage youth in agriculture. Investment Attraction: Attract more investment into the agri and rural start-up ecosystem. Target Beneficiaries: The fund aims to support about 85 start-ups by the end of its life, with variable ticket sizes of up to ₹25 crore. Beneficiaries include start-ups in sectors like agritech, food processing, animal husbandry, fisheries, supply chain management, farm mechanisation, biotechnology, waste management, renewable energy, and more. Source: PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Agri Fund for Start-ups & Rural Enterprises (AgriSURE)Fund, consider the following statements: The AgriSURE Fund is a collaborative initiative between the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare and the SEBI. AgriSURE Fund is registered as a Category-II Alternative Investment Fund (AIF) with SEBI. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) Consider the following statements: Drug repurposing is the technique of using an existing drug or drug candidate for a new treatment or medical condition for which it was not indicated before. The goal of drug repurposing is to quickly identify compounds with an established safety profile and known therapeutic advantages that may prove efficacious for other indications. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) Consider the following statements about the eShram portal: The eShram portal was launched by the Ministry of Labour and Employment. It aims to create a comprehensive national database of organised workers to facilitate the delivery of social security and welfare schemes. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  5th September 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  4th September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  d Q.2) – d Q.3) – c

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 5th September 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 4th September 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   JUDICIAL DELAY  Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: Flagging the culture of adjournment in deciding cases, President Droupadi Murmu recently said that the poor from the villages are still anxious to approach courts as they feel that fighting for justice will make their lives even more difficult, and termed it the ‘Black Coat Syndrome’. Background: – According to information available on the National Judicial Data Grid, over five crore cases are pending across different levels of the system Case Pendency Statistics: Over five crore cases are pending across various courts in India. Uttar Pradesh has the highest number of pending cases, exceeding 1.18 crore in subordinate courts. Pending cases are distributed as follows: Supreme Court: 84,045 cases High Courts: 60,11,678 cases District and subordinate courts: 4,53,51,913 cases Factors Contributing to Case Pendency: Infrastructure and Staffing: Inadequate physical infrastructure and court staff. Case Complexity: Complexity of facts, nature of evidence, and cooperation of stakeholders including the bar, investigation agencies, witnesses and litigants. lack of prescribed time frame by courts for disposal of various kinds of cases, frequent adjournments and lack of adequate arrangement to monitor, track and bunch cases for hearing Judge Shortage: India has 15 judges per 10 lakh people, significantly below the 50 judges per 10 lakh recommended by the Law Commission’s 120th report in 1987. Recent Case Highlights: Ajmer Case: On August 20, a POCSO court convicted six individuals to life imprisonment, 32 years after a blackmail and sexual abuse case involving hundreds of girls was exposed. Delhi High Court: On August 29, a complainant was allowed to withdraw a case due to “litigation fatigue” caused by frequent court appearances impacting her work. These two cases, in two different courts, illustrate the problem that President Droupadi Murmu sought to highlight in her address at the National Conference of the District Judiciary — “Black Coat Syndrome”. Reform Needs: Long-term Planning: A comprehensive plan is needed to address systemic issues causing prolonged case pendency. Balancing Act: Reforms should aim to speed up case resolution while ensuring due process and maintaining judicial integrity. Source: Indian Express WINDFALL TAX  Syllabus Prelims : ECONOMY Context: The Centre has cut windfall tax on domestically produced crude oil to one thousand 850 rupees per tonne from two thousand 100 rupees per tonne. Background: – Windfall tax, a relatively new taxation policy, was introduced in India in 2022 About Windfall tax Windfall tax is a special tax imposed by the government on companies that experience unexpected and above-average profits due to external events. In India, this tax was introduced in 2022, primarily targeting the oil and gas sector, which saw significant profit increases due to global events like the Russia-Ukraine war. Key Points About Windfall Tax in India: Purpose: The main aim is to redistribute unexpected profits that companies gain due to external factors, ensuring that these profits benefit society as a whole. How It Works: Windfall tax is levied as an additional tax over the regular corporate tax. It is typically calculated as a percentage of the excess profits that exceed a certain threshold. Impact on Industries: Oil and Gas: Companies like ONGC, Oil India, and GAIL have been significantly affected. The tax aims to curb excessive profits and ensure fair distribution. Other Sectors: While primarily focused on oil and gas, the windfall tax can also apply to other sectors like mining and telecommunications if they experience similar profit surges. Advantages and Disadvantages: Advantages: Increased government revenue, fair distribution of wealth, and contribution to sustainable development. Disadvantages: Market uncertainty, reduced business profits, and potential deterrence for investors. Source: News on AIR PM MODI IN BRUNEI  Syllabus Mains : GS 2 Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi landed in Bandar Seri Begawan, the capital of Brunei Darussalam, on Tuesday (September 3) for his official visit to the country. Background: Narendra Modi is the first Indian PM to visit the Southeast Asian nation. His trip also marks 40 years since India and Brunei officially established diplomatic ties. Brunei’s population and Indian diaspora As of 2023, Brunei has an estimated population of 450,500. Brunei citizens make up approximately 76% of the population, while the rest are permanent or temporary residents. Ethnically, over 80% of the population is Malay or Chinese. Indian migration to Brunei began in the 1920s, coinciding with the discovery of oil. Currently, around 14,000 Indians reside in Brunei. The significant contributions of Indian doctors and teachers to the development of Brunei’s healthcare and education sectors have been widely recognized. Strategic Importance of Brunei Brunei holds strategic significance within India’s ‘Act East’ Policy and Indo-Pacific Vision. The ‘Act East’ Policy evolved from the ‘Look East’ Policy, which was initiated in the 1990s. In the post-Cold War era, following the dissolution of the USSR — India sought to deepen its relationships with countries in Southeast Asia. The northeastern states of India, due to their geographic proximity, were envisioned as key players in this engagement. In 2014, the policy was revitalized as ‘Act East,’ emphasizing more proactive efforts to strengthen these connections. Prime Minister Narendra Modi has identified ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) as the “central pillar” of this policy, with Brunei being one of the ASEAN members. Economic growth in Southeast Asia over the past few decades has made commerce a central focus of India’s ties with the region. Brunei, as one of the largest oil and gas producers in Southeast Asia, plays a significant role in this economic engagement. The emphasis on Southeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific also gains importance in light of China’s rising global influence. Under President Xi Jinping, China has adopted a more authoritarian stance, and while its economic power enables it to finance numerous projects and provide loans to other countries, its actions—such as its conduct in the South China Sea—have caused friction in the region. India’s engagement in Southeast Asia, including its relationship with Brunei, serves as a counterbalance to China’s growing influence. Source: Indian Express Digital Agriculture Mission  Syllabus Prelims & Mains: ECONOMY Context: Recently, the Union Cabinet Committee chaired by the Prime Minister of India approved the Digital Agriculture Mission with an outlay of Rs. 2817 Crore, including the central share of Rs. 1940 Crore. Background: – This initiative is part of the broader vision of Viksit Bharat@2047, aiming to transform the agriculture sector through digital solutions. About Digital Agriculture Mission The Digital Agriculture Mission is an initiative by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare. The mission aims to create a robust Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) for the agriculture sector. This includes initiatives like the Digital General Crop Estimation Survey (DGCES) and other IT projects by various government bodies. Objectives: Enhance Farmers’ Income: By providing timely and reliable information, the mission aims to improve the income of farmers. Digital IDs for Farmers: Farmers will receive digital identities similar to Aadhaar, known as Farmer IDs. Nationwide Crop Surveys: Implementing comprehensive crop surveys to gather accurate data on agricultural production. Job Creation: The mission is expected to create around 2.5 lakh jobs. Development of AgriStack: This will include a Krishi Decision Support System and Soil Profile Mapping, providing essential data to farmers. Benefits: Improved Service Delivery: By leveraging data analytics, AI, and remote sensing, the mission aims to make service delivery mechanisms more efficient and transparent. Enhanced Decision-Making: Farmers will have access to timely and accurate information, aiding in better decision-making. Increased Productivity: With better access to information and resources, farmers can increase their productivity and profitability. Sustainable Agriculture: The mission promotes sustainable agricultural practices by providing data on soil health, crop patterns, and more. Economic Growth: By boosting the agriculture sector, the mission contributes to the overall economic growth of the country. Source: PIB MISSION POSHAN 2.0  Syllabus Prelims : CURRENT EVENT Context: The Ministry of Women and Child Development recently launched the 7th Rashtriya Poshan Maah 2024. This initiative, part of Mission Poshan 2.0. Background: – The campaign emphasizes themes such as Anaemia, Growth Monitoring, Complementary Feeding, Poshan Bhi Padhai Bhi (Nutrition and Education), Technology for Better Governance, and Ek Ped Maa Ke Naam (One Tree for the Mother). About Mission Poshan 2.0 Mission Poshan 2.0 is a significant initiative by the Government of India aimed at addressing malnutrition and promoting nutritional well-being across the country. It was launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development. Mission Poshan 2.0 aims to: Integrate Nutrition Schemes: Merge various nutrition-related schemes to create a comprehensive approach to tackling malnutrition. Enhance Nutritional Content: Improve the quality and delivery of nutritional services. Objectives: Reduce Malnutrition: Address issues of stunting, undernutrition, anaemia, and low birth weight among children, adolescent girls, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. Promote Health and Wellness: Develop practices that nurture health, wellness, and immunity. Leverage Technology: Use tools like the ‘Poshan Tracker’ for better supervision and management of services. Community Engagement: Foster social and behavioural change communication (SBCC) to promote better nutrition practices. Benefits: Nutritional Support: Provides supplementary nutrition through hot cooked meals and take-home rations. Diet Diversity: Encourages the consumption of micronutrient-rich foods and fortified foods. Improved Infrastructure: Strengthens and modernizes Anganwadi centers to provide better services. Sustainable Practices: Promotes the establishment of nutrition gardens in Anganwadis, schools, and gram panchayats. Source: DD News LAW COMMISSION OF INDIA  Syllabus Prelims: POLITY Context: The Central Government has recently notified the constitution of the 23rd Law Commission, which will function from September 1, 2024, to August 31, 2027. Background: – This move is part of the government’s ongoing efforts to ensure that India’s legal framework remains relevant and effective. About Law Commission A Law Commission is an independent body established to review and recommend reforms to the legal system of a country. The new commission will advise the government on complex legal issues and review existing laws to ensure they align with current economic and social needs. Origins and History: First Law Commission: Established in 1834 under the Charter Act of 1833, chaired by Lord Macaulay. It recommended the codification of the Penal Code and the Criminal Procedure Code. Post-Independence: The first Law Commission of independent India was established in 1955, chaired by M.C. Setalvad, the then Attorney-General of India. Structure and Functioning: Non-Statutory Body: The Law Commission is neither a constitutional nor a statutory body. It is an executive body established by an order of the Government of India. Advisory Role: It works as an advisory body to the Ministry of Law and Justice, primarily comprising legal experts. Tenure: Each commission is established for a fixed tenure, usually three years. Functions: Legal Reforms: The primary function is to work for legal reforms by reviewing existing laws and suggesting new ones. Research and Studies: Undertakes research in law and studies for bringing reforms in the justice delivery system, eliminating delays, and reducing litigation costs. Recommendations: Makes recommendations to the government in the form of reports, which are laid in Parliament and forwarded to concerned departments for implementation. 23rd Law Commission: Structure: The commission will have a full-time Chairperson, four full-time Members, including a Member-Secretary, and several ex-officio and part-time Members. Appointments: For the first time, serving judges of the Supreme Court and High Courts can be appointed as Chairperson and Members. Focus Areas: The commission will work on reviewing obsolete laws, developing Standard Operating Procedures (SoPs) for periodic reviews, and addressing legislative references from various departments. Source: Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Digital Agriculture Mission, consider the following statements: The Digital Agriculture Mission is an initiative by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers’ Welfare. The mission aims to create a robust Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) for the agriculture sector. This initiative is part of the broader vision of Viksit Bharat@2047 that aiming to transform the agriculture sector through digital solutions. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q2.) With reference to the Mission Poshan 2.0, consider the following statements: It aimed at addressing malnutrition and promoting nutritional well-being across the country. It was launched by the Ministry of Women and Child Development. It addresses issues of stunting, undernutrition, anaemia, and low birth weight among children, adolescent girls, pregnant women, and lactating mothers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q3.) Consider the following statements about the Law Commission of India: It is an executive body established by an order of the Government of India. It works as an advisory body to the Ministry of Law and Justice. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 4th  September 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  3rd September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  d Q.2) – b Q.3) – a

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 3rd September 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   NAMIBIA PLANS TO KILL HUNDREDS WILD ANIMALS FOR MEAT  Syllabus Prelims: CURRENT EVENT Context: Namibia plans to cull hundreds of wild animals, including dozens of elephants and hippopotamuses, to provide meat for its 1.4 million people  who are reeling under the worst drought in a century. Background: – Namibia, located in drought-prone southern Africa, frequently experiences severe droughts, having declared national emergencies in 2013, 2016, and 2019. Key takeaways The drought, which began in Botswana in October 2023, has spread and intensified across Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, and Namibia, affecting most of southern Africa. The severity of the situation is largely attributed to El Niño. Numerous studies have shown that rising global temperatures due to climate change are making extreme weather events, such as droughts and floods, more frequent and intense. Food availability in Namibia, typically low from July through September, has been further strained by the drought. Staple crops like maize have withered, large numbers of livestock have perished, and nearly 84% of the country’s food reserves are depleted. As food stocks dwindle, prices have soared, severely limiting access to food for many people. The Namibian government is considering culling wild animals, not just for meat, but to prevent them from migrating in search of food and water, which could lead to conflicts with humans. Namibia is home to a significant number of wild animals, including approximately 24,000 elephants, one of the largest populations in the world. About Namibia: Namibia is located on the southwestern coast of Africa. Geography Bordered by Angola to the north, Zambia to the northeast, Botswana to the east, South Africa to the southeast and south, and the Atlantic Ocean to the west. Known for its diverse landscapes, including the Namib Desert along the coast, the Kalahari Desert in the east, and savannas and mountains. Climate: Mostly arid to semi-arid, with the coastal areas being cooler due to the Benguela Current. Additional Information Colonial Era: Formerly known as South West Africa, it was colonized by Germany in the late 19th century and later administered by South Africa after World War . Independence: Gained independence from South Africa on March 21, 1990. Government Type: Republic with a semi-presidential system. Capital: Windhoek. Main Industries: Mining (diamonds, uranium, gold), agriculture, and tourism2. Source: Down To Earth ASEAN  Syllabus Prelims : Polity Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi set out Tuesday on a three-day visit to Brunei Darussalam and Singapore in a bid to boost ties and celebrate diplomatic milestones. The Prime Minister’s visit aims to strengthen these relationships and expand India’s engagement with the broader ASEAN region. Background: – ASEAN is central to India’s Act East policy, which focuses on the extended neighbourhood in the Asia-Pacific region. About ASEAN The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) is a regional intergovernmental organization comprising ten Southeast Asian countries. Formation and Purpose Established: August 8, 1967, with the signing of the Bangkok Declaration by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Purpose: To promote economic growth, social progress, cultural development, regional peace, and stability. Its  official motto is “One Vision, One Identity, One Community”. Member States ASEAN currently has ten member states: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, Vietnam. Structure and Leadership Secretariat: Located in Jakarta, Indonesia. Chairmanship: Rotates annually among member states. Laos holds the chairmanship for 2024. Key Pillars ASEAN operates through three main pillars: Political-Security Community: Aims to ensure regional peace and stability. Economic Community: Focuses on creating a single market and production base, enhancing economic integration. Socio-Cultural Community: Promotes social development and cultural exchange. Economic Impact Population: Over 683 million people. GDP: Combined GDP (PPP) of approximately $12 trillion in 2024. Trade: ASEAN is a significant global trading bloc, engaging in numerous free trade agreements with countries and regions worldwide. Initiatives and Partnerships ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA): Established to increase ASEAN’s competitive edge as a production base in the global market. ASEAN Plus Three: Includes China, Japan, and South Korea, focusing on East Asian cooperation. ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF): A platform for security dialogue in the Asia-Pacific region. Source: Indian Express CABINET COMMITTEE ON SECURITY  Syllabus Prelims: POLITY Context: The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) recently approved an important proposal to procure 240 aero-engines for the Su-30 MKI aircraft of the Indian Air Force (IAF) at a cost of over Rs 26,000 crore. Background: The engines will be sourced from Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL), furthering the nation’s self-reliance in military technology. About Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) The Cabinet Committee on Security (CCS) is led by the Prime Minister and includes the Ministers for Finance, Defence, Home Affairs, and External Affairs. The CCS is tasked with making major decisions regarding national security, significant appointments in security bodies, and defence expenditure. In addition to defence matters, the CCS addresses issues related to law and order, internal security, and security-related foreign policy matters. It also considers matters concerning atomic energy. About Cabinet committees After the Union Cabinet is sworn in and ministerial portfolios are allocated, the Prime Minister forms various high-profile Cabinet committees with selected Cabinet members, assigning specific functions to each. The Prime Minister has the authority to create, modify, or dissolve committees and adjust their functions. Membership typically ranges from three to eight members, predominantly Cabinet ministers, though non-Cabinet ministers or special invitees may also be included. When the Prime Minister is a member of a committee, he serves as the committee’s head. These committees resolve issues, propose solutions for Cabinet consideration, and make decisions on assigned matters, with the Cabinet having the power to review these decisions. During the Manmohan Singh government, there were 12 Cabinet committees, in addition to numerous Groups of Ministers (GoMs) and Empowered Groups of Ministers (EGoMs). Currently, there are eight Cabinet committees: Appointments Committee of the Cabinet Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs Cabinet Committee on Political Affairs Cabinet Committee on Investment and Growth Cabinet Committee on Security Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs Cabinet Committee on Employment & Skill Development Cabinet Committee on Accommodation The Modi government introduced the Cabinet Committee on Investment and the Cabinet Committee on Employment & Skill Development in 2019. All committees, except the Cabinet Committee on Accommodation and the Cabinet Committee on Parliamentary Affairs, are headed by the Prime Minister. Source: Indian Express CREATION OF FIVE NEW DISTRICTS IN LADAKH  Syllabus Prelims & Mains: POLITY Context: Recently, the Ministry of Home Affairs has granted “in-principle approval” for the creation of five new districts in Ladakh. Background: – This will increase the total number of districts in the Union Territory from two to seven. The move is aimed at improving governance and development in the region. About Ladakh Ladakh is a Union Territory in northern India, situated between the Karakoram Mountain range in the north and the main Himalayas to the south. It is bordered by the Tibet Autonomous Region to the east, the Indian state of Himachal Pradesh to the south, the Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir to the west, and the southwest corner of Xinjiang across the Karakoram Pass in the far north. New Districts in Ladakh: The Ministry of Home Affairs has granted “in-principle approval” for the creation of five new districts in Ladakh. The new districts are: Zanskar, Drass, Sham, Nubra and Changthang. Who has the Authority to Declare New Districts? The authority to declare new districts in a state or Union Territory in India lies with the respective state government or the central government, depending on the region: States: The state government has the authority to create new districts. This is typically done through a notification in the official gazette after approval from the state legislature. Union Territories: The central government, specifically the Ministry of Home Affairs, has the authority to create new districts in Union Territories. This is done through an official notification after considering various administrative and logistical factors. How will the creation of new districts impact the local governance and administration? Improved Accessibility Closer Administrative Services: With more districts, administrative offices and services will be closer to the residents, reducing travel time and making it easier for people to access government services. Better Implementation of Schemes: Localized administration can ensure more effective implementation of government schemes and programs, tailored to the specific needs of each district. Enhanced Governance Focused Development: Each district can focus on its unique developmental needs, leading to more balanced and inclusive growth across the Union Territory. Efficient Resource Allocation: Resources can be allocated more efficiently, addressing the specific challenges and opportunities of each district. Increased Representation Local Representation: More districts mean better representation of local communities in governance, ensuring that their voices and concerns are heard and addressed. Community Engagement: Smaller administrative units can foster greater community engagement and participation in local governance. Economic and Social Benefits Economic Growth: Improved infrastructure and services can stimulate local economies, creating jobs and boosting economic activities. Social Development: Enhanced access to education, healthcare, and other essential services can improve the overall quality of life for residents. Source: Indian Express PROJECT NAMAN  Syllabus Prelims : CURRENT EVENT Context:  The Indian Army recently launched the first phase of Project NAMAN. Background: – In the first phase, 14 Common Service Centres (CSCs) have been established in key locations across India, including New Delhi, Jalandhar, Leh, Dehradun, Lucknow, Jodhpur, Bengdubi, Gorakhpur, Jhansi, Secunderabad, Saugor, Guntur, Ahmedabad, and Bangalore. About Project NAMAN Project NAMAN is an initiative under the Ministry of Defence. It aimed at providing dedicated support and services to Defence Pensioners, Veterans, and their families. It focuses on implementing the SPARSH (System for Pension Administration Raksha) digital pension system to streamline pension-related processes. Components: SPARSH Digital Pension System: Streamlines pension-related processes for Defence Pensioners. Common Service Centres (CSCs): Established at key locations to offer various services. Tripartite MoU: Between the Indian Army’s Directorate of Indian Army Veterans, CSC e-Governance India Limited, and HDFC Bank Limited. Village Level Entrepreneurs (VLEs): Manage the CSCs, selected from veterans or Next of Kin (NOKs). Purpose: Streamline Pension Processes: Implement the SPARSH system to make pension-related processes more efficient and accessible. Provide Accessible Facilitation Points: Establish CSCs to offer SPARSH-enabled pension services, Government to Citizen (G2C) services, and Business to Consumer (B2C) services. Support Veterans and Families: Offer essential care and support to veterans, pensioners, war widows, and NOKs. Benefits: Convenience: All services are available at a single, convenient location. Financial Assistance: HDFC Bank provides a monthly grant of ₹20,000 for the first 12 months to VLEs to help stabilize and sustain the centres. Comprehensive Training: VLEs receive training to deliver the required services effectively. Community Support: Extends services to the entire resident population of military stations and surrounding localities. Source: PIB PACIFIC POLICING INITIATIVE  Syllabus Prelims: CURRENT EVENT Context: The Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) recently endorsed the Australia-funded Pacific Policing Initiative (PPI). Background: – The PPI represents a significant investment in the security and stability of the Pacific region, reflecting Australia’s commitment to supporting its Pacific neighbours. About Pacific Policing Initiative (PPI) The Pacific Policing Initiative (PPI) is a comprehensive program funded by Australia. It aimed at enhancing policing capabilities across the Pacific region. This initiative, with a budget of approximately AU$400 million over five years, aims to reshape policing across the Pacific region. The PPI focuses on three main areas: Regional Training Centres of Excellence: These will be located throughout the Pacific to enhance police training. Pacific Police Support Group: A multinational force that can respond to regional emergencies, such as natural disasters and transnational crime. Central Coordination Hub: Based in Brisbane, Australia, this hub will support the regional centres and the Pacific Police Support Group. Objectives: Strengthen Regional Security: By enhancing the capabilities of local police forces, the PPI aims to improve overall security in the Pacific region. Promote Cooperation: The initiative encourages collaboration among Pacific nations, fostering a united approach to common security challenges. Build Resilience: Through training and support, the PPI seeks to build resilience against various threats, including natural disasters, transnational crime, and geopolitical tensions. Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) The Pacific Islands Forum (PIF) is an inter-governmental organization that aims to enhance cooperation among countries and territories in the Pacific region. It was established in 1971 (originally as the South Pacific Forum, renamed in 1999 to be more inclusive of all Pacific nations). PIF members include 18 countries and territories, including Australia, New Zealand, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and several smaller island nations. PIF Headquarters is in Suva, Fiji. Source: News on AIR Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Pacific Policing Initiative (PPI), recently seen in news is funded by USA UN IMF Australia Q2.) With reference to the Project NAMAN, consider the following statements: Project NAMAN is an initiative under the Ministry of Home Affairs. It aimed at providing dedicated support and services to Defence Pensioners, Veterans, and their families. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) Who has the Authority to declare new districts in a state of India? State government Governor of the state Central government President of India Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  3rd September 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  2nd September – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  b Q.2) – b Q.3) – d

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 4th September 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 3rd September 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 2nd September 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   VANDE BHARAT TRAINS  Syllabus Prelims: CURRENT EVENT Context: Prime Minister flags off 3 Vande Bharat trains. Background: – The trains flagged off by PM through video conferencing connect Meerut with Lucknow, Madurai with Bengaluru, and Chennai with Nagercoil, taking the number of Vande Bharat trains above 100. Key takeaways The Vande Bharat Express, also known as Train 18, is a significant project by Indian Railways aimed at modernizing and speeding up rail travel in India. Launch: The first Vande Bharat Express was launched in 2019. Purpose: It is designed to provide a high-speed, comfortable, and efficient travel experience. Features Speed: The train can reach speeds up to 180 km/h, although it typically operates at around 130 km/h due to track conditions. Design: It features a sleek, aerodynamic design with fully air-conditioned chair car coaches. Vande Bharat sleeper coaches will be available soon. The Integral Coach Factory (ICF) in Chennai, designs and manufactures the Vande Bharat Express trainsets. The ICF is the largest rail coach manufacturer in the world and is owned and operated by the Indian Railways. Comfort: The train offers modern amenities such as onboard Wi-Fi, GPS-based passenger information systems, and bio-vacuum toilets. Self-Propelled: Unlike traditional trains, the Vande Bharat Express is self-propelled, meaning it doesn’t require a separate locomotive. This is called a distributed traction power system. Distributed power gives the train higher acceleration and deceleration compared to loco-hauled trains, which take a much longer time to reach top speed or to gradually come to a halt. Energy Efficiency: It is equipped with regenerative braking systems that save energy by converting kinetic energy into electrical energy during braking. Source: Indian Express CENSOR BOARD YET TO CLEAR KANGANA’S FILM  Syllabus Prelims : Polity Context: The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) has not yet given certification to the film Emergency, starring actor and Lok Sabha member Kangana Ranaut. Additional Solicitor General (ASG) stated that the Board will consider the feelings of all communities, including the Sikh community, when making its decision. Background: – ASG represented the Union Government and the CBFC before the Punjab and Haryana High Court, during a hearing on a petition filed by Mohali residents challenging the certification of the film. The ASG informed the court that the certification process is still ongoing and that anyone with concerns can submit their views to the Board. About Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC) The Central Board of Film Certification (CBFC), commonly known as the Censor Board, is a statutory body under the Ministry of Information and Broadcasting in India. It was established under the Cinematograph Act of 19521. Key Functions and Responsibilities: Film Certification: The CBFC certifies films, trailers, documentaries, and advertisements for public exhibition. Films can only be publicly exhibited in India after receiving certification from the CBFC. Categories of Certification: U (Universal): Suitable for all age groups. UA (Parental Guidance): Suitable for children above 12, but parental guidance is advised for those under 12. A (Adult): Restricted to adult audiences (18 years and above). S (Special): Restricted to specialized audiences, such as doctors or scientists. Legal Framework: The CBFC operates under the Cinematograph Act, 1952, which outlines the guidelines for film certification. The Act allows for reasonable restrictions on the freedom of speech and expression in films, in the interests of sovereignty, integrity, security of the state, public order, decency, or morality. Certification process When a filmmaker applies for certification, the Regional Officer appoints an Examining Committee. For short films, the committee includes an advisory panel member and an examining officer, with at least one being a woman. For other films, the committee has four members from the advisory panel and an examiningofficer, with at least two women. The Regional Officer decides the film’s certification—U, U/A, A, or S—based on the Examining Committee’s unanimous or majority report. If the committee is divided, the chairperson makes the final decision. If a filmmaker is dissatisfied with the certification, they can request a second viewing by a Revising Committee. This committee must exclude members from the initial review and must include at least one Board member, whose involvement is mandatory only at this stage. A Board member can participate in the initial review, but their presence is required only during the revising stage. Recent Initiatives: Accessibility Standards: The CBFC has introduced guidelines to make films accessible to persons with hearing and visual impairments. Digital Transformation: The CBFC has launched a revamped website and a mobile app (e-cine app) to streamline the certification process. Source: Indian Express RETIRED SPORTSPERSON EMPOWERMENT TRAINING (RESET) PROGRAMME  Syllabus Prelims: CURRENT EVENT Context: Union Minister of Youth Affairs & Sports and Labour & Employment, Dr. Mansukh Mandaviya launched “Retired Sportsperson Empowerment Training” (RESET) Programme recently. Background: RESET Programme represents a significant step towards recognizing and utilizing the invaluable experience and expertise of our retired athletes. About Retired Sportsperson Empowerment Training (RESET) Programme The Retired Sportsperson Empowerment Training (RESET) Programme is an initiative launched by the Ministry of Youth Affairs & Sports in India to support retired athletes. Launch Date: August 29, 2024, on National Sports Day. Objective: To empower retired sportspersons with career skills and knowledge, enhancing their employability and enabling them to contribute to the sports ecosystem. Eligibility Criteria Age: Retired athletes aged between 20 and 50 years. Achievements: Winners of an International Medal/participants in international events or have been National medallists/State medallists/participants in competitions recognized by National Sports Federations/Indian Olympic Association/Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports are eligible to apply for courses under RESET Programme. Initially, the programmes will be of two levels based on educational qualifications viz., Class 12th and above and Class 11th and below. Mode of Learning: Hybrid mode, combining self-paced online learning with on-ground training. Lead Institute: Lakshmibai National Institute of Physical Education (LNIPE) is the lead institute for implementing the programme. Support and Opportunities Placement Assistance: Guidance and support for job placements. Entrepreneurial Guidance: Support for starting entrepreneurial ventures. Internships: Opportunities for internships in sports organizations, competitions, training camps, and leagues. Implementation and Benefits Self-Paced Learning: Participants can learn at their own pace through a dedicated online portal. On-Ground Training: Practical training sessions to enhance skills. Evaluation and Certification: Participants will be evaluated and certified upon successful completion of the programme. Source: PIB 2G BIO-ETHANOL  Syllabus Prelims & Mains: CURRENT EVENT Context: The Indian government is planning to set up dedicated enzyme manufacturing facilities to boost ethanol production. Background: – The first plant is expected to be established in Manesar, Haryana. This facility will likely supply enzymes to proposed 2G bio-ethanol plants in Uttar Pradesh, Punjab, and an existing plant in Haryana. This initiative is part of the BioE3 policy, which aims to enhance biotechnology-driven manufacturing in India. About 2G (second-generation) bio-ethanol 2G (second-generation) bio-ethanol is produced from non-food biomass, such as agricultural residues, wood chips, and other lignocellulosic materials. Unlike first-generation bio-ethanol, which is made from food crops like corn and sugarcane, 2G bio-ethanol uses feedstocks that are not part of the human food chain. This makes it a more sustainable and environmentally friendly option. The process involves breaking down the complex carbohydrates in the biomass into simple sugars, which are then fermented to produce ethanol. This typically requires specialized enzymes to convert the lignocellulosic materials into fermentable sugars. Key benefits of 2G bio-ethanol: Reduces waste: Utilizes agricultural residues that would otherwise be discarded or burned. Lower greenhouse gas emissions: Produces fewer emissions compared to fossil fuels and first-generation bio-ethanol. Energy security: Reduces dependence on imported fossil fuels by providing a renewable energy source. Ethanol Ethanol, also known as ethyl alcohol, is a clear, colourless liquid that is flammable and has a characteristic odour. It is produced through the fermentation of sugars by yeast or through chemical processes like the hydration of ethylene. Ethanol can be derived from both biological and chemical sources, while bioethanol is exclusively produced from biological sources. Uses of Ethanol Beverages: Ethanol is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages such as beer, wine, and spirits. Fuel: It is used as a biofuel and is often blended with gasoline to produce ethanol-blended fuels. This helps reduce greenhouse gas emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. Industrial Solvent: Due to its ability to dissolve a wide range of substances, ethanol is used as a solvent in the manufacturing of pharmaceuticals, perfumes, and other products. Medical and Laboratory Uses: Ethanol is used as an antiseptic, disinfectant, and preservative in medical and laboratory settings. Chemical Feedstock: It serves as a feedstock for the production of various chemicals. Source: The Hindu ANTI-DUMPING DUTY  Syllabus Prelims : ECONOMY Context: Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR) has recommended imposing an anti-dumping duty on aluminium foils imported from China. Background: – This recommendation follows a complaint by domestic producers, who argued that the influx of cheap Chinese aluminium foils was harming the local industry. The proposed duty ranges between $619 and $873 per tonne. About Anti-dumping duty Anti-dumping duty is a protectionist tariff that a domestic government imposes on foreign imports believed to be priced below fair market value. This practice, known as “dumping,” can harm domestic industries by undercutting local businesses and distorting market competition. The Directorate General of Trade Remedies (DGTR), under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, is responsible for investigating and recommending the imposition of anti-dumping duties in India. Decision-Making Process: Investigation: The DGTR conducts an investigation to determine if dumping has occurred and its impact on the domestic industry. Recommendation: Based on the findings, the DGTR makes a recommendation to the Ministry of Finance. Imposition: The Ministry of Finance makes the final decision to impose the anti-dumping duty. Purpose of imposing anti-dumping duties in India are to: Protecting Domestic Industries: Anti-dumping duties shield domestic industries from unfair competition by preventing foreign companies from flooding the market with underpriced goods. Preserving Job: By safeguarding domestic industries from the adverse effects of dumping, anti-dumping duties help prevent job losses that may occur if local companies are unable to compete with cheaper imports. Maintaining Fair Competition: Anti-dumping duties promote fair competition by ensuring that imported goods are priced at levels comparable to their fair market value. This prevents foreign companies from gaining an unfair advantage. Supporting Fair Trade Practices: Imposing anti-dumping duties discourages unethical trade practices such as predatory pricing and dumping. By penalizing such practices, anti-dumping measures encourage adherence to fair trade principles and discourage market manipulation. Protecting Intellectual Property: Anti-dumping duties can also help protect intellectual property rights by discouraging the importation of counterfeit or infringing goods. By deterring the influx of low-priced counterfeit products, these duties help safeguard the interests of innovators and creators. Stimulating Domestic Production: Anti-dumping duties incentivize domestic production by reducing the competitive disadvantage faced by local manufacturers. Promoting Economic Stability: By safeguarding domestic industries and preserving jobs, anti-dumping duties contribute to economic stability and resilience. By preventing disruptions caused by unfair trade practices, these measures support sustainable growth and development in the long term. Source: Indian Express LA NINA  Syllabus Prelims & Mains : GEOGRAPHY Context: India Meteorological Department (IMD) has forecasted a rainy September for several parts of north India due to the expected La Nina conditions. Background: – La Niña has several notable effects on India, primarily due to its influence on the monsoon season and overall weather patterns. About La Niña La Niña is a climate pattern characterized by the cooling of sea surface temperatures in the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. This phenomenon is part of the larger El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) cycle, which also includes El Niño (the warming phase) and a neutral phase. Key features of La Niña: Cooler Ocean Temperatures: The central and eastern Pacific Ocean experiences cooler-than-average sea surface temperatures. Weather Impacts: La Niña typically brings wetter-than-normal conditions to Southeast Asia, Australia, and parts of India, while causing drier conditions in the southwestern United States and parts of South America. Monsoon Influence: In India, La Niña is often associated with stronger monsoon seasons, leading to above-average rainfall. Global Effects: It can influence global weather patterns, including increased hurricane activity in the Atlantic and cooler, wetter winters in the northern United States. Effects of La Niña on India Enhanced Monsoon Rains: La Niña typically brings above-average rainfall during the monsoon season (June to September). This can be beneficial for agriculture, as it improves water availability. Flooding Risks: While increased rainfall can be beneficial, it also raises the risk of flooding, particularly in low-lying areas and regions with poor drainage systems. Agricultural Productivity: The increased rainfall can lead to better crop yields for rain-fed crops like rice, sugarcane, and pulses. However, excessive rain can also damage crops and lead to waterlogging. Water Resources: La Niña can improve the water levels in reservoirs, rivers, and groundwater, which is crucial for irrigation and drinking water supplies. Temperature Variations: La Niña can lead to cooler-than-normal temperatures in some parts of India, especially during the winter months. Pest and Disease Outbreaks: The wetter conditions can create a favourable environment for pests and diseases, which can harm crops and reduce yields. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements: La Niña is a climate pattern characterized by the unusual warming of surface waters in the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. La Niña typically brings wetter-than-normal conditions to Southeast Asia, Australia, and parts of India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) With reference to the Anti-dumping duty, consider the following statements: Anti-dumping duty is a protectionist tariff that a domestic government imposes on foreign imports believed to be priced below fair market value. The primary purpose of anti-dumping duties is to protect domestic industries from unfair competition. In India the Directorate General of Trade Remedies makes the final decision to impose the anti-dumping duty. Which of the statements given above is/are not correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 2 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q3.) Consider the following statements with references to the bio-ethanol production: Produces fewer emissions compared to fossil fuels. Reduces dependence on imported fossil fuels. Provides additional income for farmers. How many of the above given statements are not correct? Only one Only two All three None Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  2nd September 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  31st  August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  c Q.2) – c Q.3) – d

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2nd September 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Website
Terms and Conditions Privacy Refund Policy Learning Management System by Testpress