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May 9, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 9th May 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

May 9, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 8th May 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) PIPRAHWA RELICS Category: ART & CULTURE Context: The Indian government has issued a legal notice to halt the “unethical” auction of ancient gem relics, which it said should be treated as the sacred body of the Buddha. Decoding the context: The legal notice has been served on Sotheby’s Hong Kong and Chris Peppé, one of three heirs of William Claxton Peppé, a British colonial landowner who in 1898 excavated the gems on his estate in northern India, who are selling the relics. Learning Corner: Piprahwa is a village in Siddharthnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, near the India-Nepal border. It is situated close to Kapilavastu, the ancient capital of the Shakya clan, to which Gautama Buddha belonged. Discovery & Excavation: Excavated in 1898 by William Claxton Peppé, a British colonial indigo planter, on his estate. He discovered a large stupa (Buddhist burial mound) containing a stone coffer with relics and jewel-encrusted caskets. The stone coffer bore a Brahmi inscription in Prakrit, dated to the 3rd century BCE. It translates to: “These relics of the Blessed One (Buddha), the Lord of the Shakyas, are deposited by the Shakya brothers…” This is believed to indicate that these relics belonged to Gautama Buddha himself, making it a major archaeological and religious find. Division of Buddha’s relics among eight mahajanapadas post his Mahaparinirvana is documented in Mahaparinibbana Sutta. The 1971-73 excavations by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) under K.M. Srivastava found older relics (400-500 BCE) below Peppé’s level, suggesting Piprahwa as one of the original eight stupas built after Buddha’s death. Source : Guardian MEDIATION Category: POLITY Context: The President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu graced the launch of the Mediation Association of India and addressed the First National Mediation Conference 2025 in New Delhi. Decoding the context: Speaking on the occasion, the President said that the Mediation Act, 2023 was the first step in consolidating the civilisational legacy. She emphasised that the dispute resolution mechanism under the Mediation Act should be effectively extended to rural areas so that the Panchayats are legally empowered to mediate and resolve the conflicts in villages. Learning Corner: Mediation is a voluntary, non-binding Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) process where a neutral third party (mediator) facilitates dialogue between disputing parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable solution. Mediation Act, 2023 Enactment: Passed by Rajya Sabha (August 1, 2023), Lok Sabha (August 7, 2023), and received Presidential assent on September 14, 2023; notified on September 15, 2023. The Act aims to expand the scope and statutorily recognize pre-litigation mediation, online mediation, community mediation, conciliation under the definition of ‘mediation’. This would have the effect of dispensing with the concept of conciliation, in line with the international practice of using the terms ‘mediation’ and ‘conciliation’ interchangeably. Objective: Promotes institutional mediation to resolve civil and commercial disputes, aiming to reduce judicial burden and foster cost-effective, time-bound resolutions. Key Features: The Act apply to mediations conducted in India. It would inter alia apply to mediations where: all parties habitually reside or incorporated in or have their place of business in India, or the mediation agreement imports the applicability of the Mediation Act, or there is an international mediation in relation to a commercial dispute provided one of the parties is an individual who is a national or habitually resides in a country other than India, or a body corporate/association/body of individuals having place of business outside India, or Further, where one of the parties is the Central/State Government or any entity/body controlled or owned by such Government, the Mediation Act will be applicable only in case of a) commercial disputes, or b) any other disputes as notified Exclusion: It does not apply to mediation conducted outside of India or to disputes not fit for mediation, such as those involving minors, criminal offenses, or third-party rights. Time Limit: Mediation must conclude within 120 days, extendable by 60 days with mutual consent. Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA): Final and binding, enforceable as a court decree; can be challenged within 90 days on grounds like fraud or corruption. Mediation Council of India (MCI): To be established for mediator certification, training, and regulation; recognizes mediation service providers. Differences Between Mediation, Arbitration, and Conciliation The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here Source : PIB CHENAB RIVER Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: The Indian government opened two gates at the Baglihar Hydroelectric Power Project Dam, built on the Chenab River in Ramban. Decoding the context: The gates have reportedly been opened to manage the rising water levels caused due to the heavy rainfall in Jammu and Kashmir. This comes after the centre had shut all the dam gates to regulate the water flow to Pakistan. Learning Corner: The Chenab River originates in the upper Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh’s Lahaul and Spiti district, formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers near Keylong. The Bhaga river originates from Surya taal lake, which is situated a few kilometers west of the Bara-lacha la pass in Himachal Pradesh. The Chandra river originates from glaciers east of the same pass (near Chandra Taal) In the Mahabharata, the common name of the river was Chandrabhaga. The river was called Asikni (Sanskrit: असिक्नी) in the Rigveda. The river flows through Himachal Pradesh, then enters Jammu and Kashmir. It then enters Pakistan’s Punjab province, where it eventually merges with the Sutlej River to form the Panjnad, which ultimately flows into the Indus River. Drainage basin: Covers 26,155 sq km in India, primarily draining the southern slopes of the Pir Panjal Range, Jammu hills, and foothills. Strategic and Economic Significance Indus Waters Treaty (IWT): Under the 1960 IWT, Chenab is a Western River allocated to Pakistan for unrestricted use, but India can build run-of-the-river projects for hydropower. The treaty was suspended in April 2025 after the Pahalgam terror attack. Hydropower Projects: Hosts major run-of-the-river dams in J&K like Baglihar (900 MW, Ramban) and Salal (690 MW, Reasi). Agricultural Dependence: Pakistan relies on Chenab for 60% of its Punjab irrigation; In India, Chenab supports J&K’s agriculture but is underutilized due to limited storage. Source : Economic Times ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION (OIC) Category: INTERNATIONAL Context: India hit out strongly at the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) for its recent statement on the Pahalgam terror attack, calling it “absurd” and “politically motivated. Decoding the context: The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) issued a statement expressing “deep concern over the deteriorating security environment in South Asia.’ The statement also said that India’s “unfounded allegations against the Islamic Republic of Pakistan” were the factor behind escalating tensions between Delhi and Islamabad. Learning Corner: The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), founded in 1969, is the second-largest intergovernmental organization after the UN, comprising 57 member states, primarily Muslim-majority countries, spanning four continents. Headquartered in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, its primary aim is to promote solidarity among Muslim nations, safeguard Islamic interests, and address global issues affecting the Muslim world. Key Objectives Enhance unity and cooperation among member states. Protect Islamic holy sites and support the Palestinian cause. Promote economic, cultural, and scientific collaboration. Address issues like terrorism, poverty, and education. Structure Summit of Heads of State: Meets every three years; highest decision-making body. Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM): Annual meetings to implement policies. General Secretariat: Led by the Secretary-General (Hissein Brahim Taha since 2020), manages daily operations. Specialized Organs: Includes Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) and Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO). OIC and India India’s ties with OIC remain tenuous, primarily due to Pakistan’s influence. India has criticized OIC resolutions on Jammu & Kashmir. India, despite having the third-largest Muslim population globally (over 200 million), is not a member. Source : Hindustan Times IBERIAN PENINSULA Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: Recently, a large-scale blackout occurred in Spain and Portugal. There was widespread interruption in power supply in the Iberian Peninsula. Decoding the context: An investigative commission has been launched in Spain and a request has been made by the Portuguese government for an EU agency to perform an independent audit. Learning Corner: Located in southwestern Europe, it is the third largest peninsula in Europe (after the Scandinavian and Balkan peninsulas). Bordered by: Atlantic Ocean (west and northwest) Mediterranean Sea (southeast) Pyrenees Mountains (northeast) — natural border with France. Countries on the peninsula: Spain (covers ~85% of the land area) Portugal Andorra (microstate in the Pyrenees) British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar Modern Relevance: Spain and Portugal are EU and NATO members. The peninsula has strategic maritime importance, especially the Strait of Gibraltar, linking the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Plays a key role in migration routes from Africa to Europe. Source : BBC Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.Which of the following statements regarding the Iberian Peninsula is/are correct? It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and the Mediterranean Sea on the east. The Pyrenees Mountains separate it from the rest of Europe. The countries located on the Iberian Peninsula include Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and France. Select the correct answer using the code given below: A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1, 2 and 3 D. 2 only Q2.With reference to the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), consider the following statements: The OIC was founded in 1969 after the arson attack on the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. India has observer status at the OIC since 2018. The Islamic Development Bank is a specialized institution of the OIC. Its headquarters is located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Which of the statements given above is/are correct A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1, 3 and 4 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 Q3.With reference to the Chenab River, consider the following statements: The Chenab River is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers. Under the Indus Waters Treaty, the waters of the Chenab are allocated to India for unrestricted use. The Baglihar and Salal hydroelectric projects are located on the Chenab River. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 3 only D. 1 and 3 only Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 5th May – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

May 9, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 25th April 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) ZERO SHADOW DAY Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: Indian Institute of Astrophysics in Bengaluru under the blazing Sun celebrated Zero Shadow Day on 24 April 2024. Decoding the context: IIA institute is an autonomous research institution under the Department of Science and Technology of Government of India. Learning Corner: Zero Shadow Day is a celestial event during which no shadow is cast by any object standing upright on the ground at solar noon. It occurs twice a year for places located between the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) and Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S)—i.e., the tropical zone. Regions outside the tropics never experience ZSD. On this day, the Sun is exactly overhead at noon (i.e., the solar declination equals the latitude of the location). Mechanism and Timing Due to the tilt of the Earth’s axis (23.5°), the Sun appears to move north and south of the equator during the year (called apparent motion of the Sun). As the Sun moves between the tropics, it passes directly overhead at specific latitudes: Uttarayana (April-May): Sun moves north; ZSD occurs in southern India (e.g., Bengaluru, 12.97°N, on April 24, 2025). Dakshinayana (August-September): Sun moves south; ZSD occurs again (e.g., Bengaluru on August 18, 2025). Places on the Equator get Zero Shadow Day on equinoxes (March 21 & Sept 23). Source : PIB HIGH-LEVEL WORKING GROUP (HLWG) ON THE WESTERN GHATS Category: ENVIRONMENT Context: Dr. K. Kasturirangan, the former chairman of the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) and a key figure in shaping India’s National Education Policy (NEP), passed away in Bengaluru. He chaired the high-level working group on Western Ghats that was constituted by the union environment ministry. Decoding the context: Awarded the Padma Vibhushan, the country’s second highest civilian award, he was the fourth chairman of ISRO. Learning Corner: The High-Level Working Group (HLWG) on the Western Ghats, chaired by Dr. K. Kasturirangan, was constituted in August 2012. This 10-member panel was tasked with reviewing the Western Ghats Ecology Expert Panel (WGEEP) report, also known as the Gadgil Report (2011), which faced opposition for its stringent recommendations. Objective: To balance environmental conservation with developmental needs in the Western Ghats, a UNESCO World Heritage Site and one of the world’s eight “hottest hotspots” of biodiversity, spanning 1,64,280 sq km across six states—Gujarat, Maharashtra, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, and Tamil Nadu. Key Recommendations (Report Submitted: April 15, 2013) Ecologically Sensitive Area (ESA): Recommended 37% of the Western Ghats (60,000 sq km) as ESA, a significant reduction from the Gadgil Report’s 64% (77,000 sq km). Used satellite data (24 m resolution) for precise mapping. Zoning: Divided the Ghats into: Natural Landscape: Characterized by high biological richness, ESA protection, and restrictions on activities like mining and large townships Cultural Landscape: Areas with human settlements, agriculture, and plantations, excluded from stringent regulations to support livelihoods. Activity Categories: Red Category: Banned mining, thermal plants, and large construction projects in ESA. Orange Category: Regulated activities like food processing with minimal environmental impact. Green Category: Permitted agriculture, horticulture, and sustainable commercial activities. Comparison with Gadgil Report WGEEP (Gadgil Report): Proposed 64% of the Ghats as ESA, with three Ecologically Sensitive Zones (ESZ 1, 2, 3). Banned most developmental activities in ESZ 1, advocated for decentralized governance via gram sabhas, and prohibited GM crops, plastic bags, and new hill stations. Kasturirangan Report: Reduced ESA coverage to 37%, excluding high-density populated areas to address socio-economic concerns. However, it was criticized for relying on remote sensing without ground assessments, leading to errors in zoning. Source : Hindustan Times HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HPV) Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Indigenously developed (Human papillomavirus) HPV test kits for cervical cancer screening were launched recently. Decoding the context: The test kits have been developed under the Department of Biotechnology’s (DBT) partnership programme Grand Challenges India (GCI) at the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC). Learning Corner: Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a group of over 200 related viruses, with more than 40 types transmitted through sexual contact, making it the most common sexually transmitted infection globally. High-risk HPV types are linked to cancers, particularly cervical cancer, while low-risk types cause genital warts and benign lesions. India’s HPV vaccine (Cervavac, launched 2023 by Serum Institute) uptake remains low (priced at ₹200-400/dose), with only 1% of eligible girls vaccinated by 2025 due to hesitancy and access issues. Health Impact in India Cervical Cancer Burden: Cervical cancer, primarily caused by HPV (90% correlation), is the second most common cancer among Indian women, with 1,23,000 new cases and 77,000 deaths annually (WHO, 2025). India accounts for 25% of global cervical cancer cases and deaths, often due to late diagnosis. Other Cancers: HPV also causes anal, vulvar, vaginal, penile, and oropharyngeal cancers, though cervical cancer remains the most prevalent in India. Prevalence: Over 80% of sexually active individuals contract HPV at some point, but most infections clear naturally within two years. Persistent infections with high-risk types lead to cancer. Recent Development (April 2025) On April 23, 2025, India launched its first indigenously developed HPV test kits for cervical cancer screening. Kits detect eight high-risk HPV genotypes, responsible for over 96% of cervical cancer cases. Features: RT-PCR-based, point-of-care, rapid (results within an hour), battery-operated, and cost-effective compared to imported kits. Source : The Hindu PM MITRA Category: GOVERNMENT SCHEMES Context: Madhya Pradesh has received formal approval for the ₹2,100 crore PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA) Park project. Decoding the context: The project has been sanctioned by the Union Ministry of Textiles and will be the first integrated textile park of its kind in India. The PM MITRA Park will feature several modern facilities, including a 20 MLD Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) plant, a solar-powered energy facility, and plug-and-play Built-To-Suit (BTS) units. Learning Corner: Launched in 2021 by the Ministry of Textiles, the PM MITRA Scheme aims to establish seven mega textile parks across India to enhance the textile sector’s global competitiveness, inspired by PM Narendra Modi’s 5F vision: Farm to Fibre to Factory to Fashion to Foreign. Key Objectives Integrated Textile Value Chain: Establishing parks that consolidate all stages of textile production—spinning, weaving, dyeing, processing, printing, and garment manufacturing—within a single location to enhance efficiency and reduce logistics costs. Infrastructure Development: Creating world-class industrial infrastructure to attract cutting-edge technology, boost foreign direct investment (FDI), and encourage local investment in the textile sector. Employment Generation: Each park is expected to generate approximately 1 lakh direct and 2 lakh indirect employment opportunities, contributing significantly to job creation in the sector. Key Features Scale and Location: Each park requires a contiguous, encumbrance-free land parcel of 1,000+ acres. Seven sites approved in Tamil Nadu, Telangana, Karnataka, Gujarat, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, and Uttar Pradesh. Out of the seven parks, four are Greenfield projects (Tamil Nadu, Gujarat, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh) and three are Brownfield projects (Maharashtra, Telangana, Uttar Pradesh). An SPV owned by Centre and State Government will be set up for each park which will oversee the implementation of the project. The Ministry of Textiles will provide financial support in the form of Development Capital Support upto Rs. 500 crore per park to the Park SPV. A Competitive Incentive Support (CIS) upto Rs 300 crore per park to the units in PM MITRA Park shall also be provided to incentivise speedy implementation. Overall Significance Economic Growth: India, the 6th largest textile exporter (4% global share), aims to reach $100 billion in exports by 2030. PM MITRA parks are projected to attract ₹70,000 crore in investments and create 20 lakh jobs (1 lakh direct, 2 lakh indirect per park). Global Competitiveness: Aligns with free trade agreements (e.g., UAE, Australia) to access developed markets, reducing dependence on imports (e.g., Chinese knitted fabric). Policy Alignment: Supports Make in India and SDG 9 (Industry, Innovation, Infrastructure) by fostering world-class infrastructure and FDI. Source : Economic Times SCRAMJET Category: SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: In a significant step towards the development of the next-generation station hypersonic missiles, India has successfully carried out a ground test of the Scramjet engine for more than 1,000 seconds. Decoding the context: Defence Research & Development Laboratory (DRDL), a Hyderabad-based laboratory of the Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) achieved this significant milestone in the field of Hypersonic Weapon Technology. Learning Corner: A Supersonic Combustion Ramjet (Scramjet) is an air-breathing engine designed for hypersonic speeds (above Mach 5, or 6,100 kmph), where traditional jet engines falter. Unlike ramjets, which slow airflow to subsonic speeds before combustion, scramjets sustain supersonic airflow throughout the combustion process. Key components: Inlet, combustor (with fuel injector and flame holder), and nozzle. Scramjets lack moving parts, relying on the vehicle’s forward motion to compress air, making them lightweight but challenging to design due to extreme heat (over 2,000°C) and combustion stability issues. Feature Turbojet Ramjet Scramjet Speed Range Subsonic to ~Mach 3 Mach 2 to Mach 5 Mach 5 to Mach 15 Combustion Speed Subsonic Subsonic Supersonic Moving Parts Has compressor/turbine No moving parts No moving parts Atmospheric Oxygen Use Yes Yes Yes Startup Capability Can start from rest Needs initial thrust (e.g., booster) Needs higher initial thrust (e.g., rocket booster) Efficiency at High Speed Low Medium High Strategic Significance Scramjets enable hypersonic cruise missiles that can travel > Mach 5, making them: Extremely fast Hard to intercept by existing missile defense systems Capable of maneuverability, unlike ballistic missiles. Global Race: The US, Russia (Zircon missile), and China (DF-ZF glider) lead hypersonic development. Applications: Beyond missiles, scramjets can enable cost-effective space launches by using atmospheric oxygen, reducing the need for onboard oxidizers. Source : India Today Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.With reference to air-breathing propulsion technologies, consider the following statements: A scramjet engine allows combustion of fuel in supersonic airflow. Unlike rockets, scramjet engines do not carry oxidizers onboard. Scramjet engines can operate efficiently from standstill to hypersonic speeds. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2 and 3 Q2.With reference to the PM Mega Integrated Textile Region and Apparel (PM MITRA) scheme, consider the following statements: Each PM MITRA park requires a minimum of 1,000 acres of contiguous and encumbrance-free land. The implementation of PM MITRA parks is through a Special Purpose Vehicle (SPV) with equal equity participation from the central and state governments. The PM MITRA scheme aims to integrate the entire textile value chain at a single location. Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1 and 3 only D. 1, 2, and 3 Q3. With reference to Human Papillomavirus (HPV), consider the following statements: HPV infection is a cause of cervical cancer, with high-risk strains accounting for the majority of cases. India launched its first indigenously developed HPV vaccine, Cervavac, in 2023. The recently launched HPV test kits in India are based on RT-PCR technology and can provide results within one hour. The World Health Organization recommends HPV vaccination for boys and girls aged 5–9 years to eliminate cervical cancer. Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 1, 2 and 3 only C. 1, 3 and 4 only D. 2 and 4 only Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 24th April – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – a Q.3) – a

May 9, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 6th May 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) PIPRAHWA RELICS Category: ART & CULTURE Context: The Indian government has issued a legal notice to halt the “unethical” auction of ancient gem relics, which it said should be treated as the sacred body of the Buddha. Decoding the context: The legal notice has been served on Sotheby’s Hong Kong and Chris Peppé, one of three heirs of William Claxton Peppé, a British colonial landowner who in 1898 excavated the gems on his estate in northern India, who are selling the relics. Learning Corner: Piprahwa is a village in Siddharthnagar district, Uttar Pradesh, near the India-Nepal border. It is situated close to Kapilavastu, the ancient capital of the Shakya clan, to which Gautama Buddha belonged. Discovery & Excavation: Excavated in 1898 by William Claxton Peppé, a British colonial indigo planter, on his estate. He discovered a large stupa (Buddhist burial mound) containing a stone coffer with relics and jewel-encrusted caskets. The stone coffer bore a Brahmi inscription in Prakrit, dated to the 3rd century BCE. It translates to: “These relics of the Blessed One (Buddha), the Lord of the Shakyas, are deposited by the Shakya brothers…” This is believed to indicate that these relics belonged to Gautama Buddha himself, making it a major archaeological and religious find. Division of Buddha’s relics among eight mahajanapadas post his Mahaparinirvana is documented in Mahaparinibbana Sutta. The 1971-73 excavations by the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) under K.M. Srivastava found older relics (400-500 BCE) below Peppé’s level, suggesting Piprahwa as one of the original eight stupas built after Buddha’s death. Source : Guardian MEDIATION Category: POLITY Context: The President of India, Smt Droupadi Murmu graced the launch of the Mediation Association of India and addressed the First National Mediation Conference 2025 in New Delhi. Decoding the context: Speaking on the occasion, the President said that the Mediation Act, 2023 was the first step in consolidating the civilisational legacy. She emphasised that the dispute resolution mechanism under the Mediation Act should be effectively extended to rural areas so that the Panchayats are legally empowered to mediate and resolve the conflicts in villages. Learning Corner: Mediation is a voluntary, non-binding Alternative Dispute Resolution (ADR) process where a neutral third party (mediator) facilitates dialogue between disputing parties to help them reach a mutually acceptable solution. Mediation Act, 2023 Enactment: Passed by Rajya Sabha (August 1, 2023), Lok Sabha (August 7, 2023), and received Presidential assent on September 14, 2023; notified on September 15, 2023. The Act aims to expand the scope and statutorily recognize pre-litigation mediation, online mediation, community mediation, conciliation under the definition of ‘mediation’. This would have the effect of dispensing with the concept of conciliation, in line with the international practice of using the terms ‘mediation’ and ‘conciliation’ interchangeably. Objective: Promotes institutional mediation to resolve civil and commercial disputes, aiming to reduce judicial burden and foster cost-effective, time-bound resolutions. Key Features: The Act apply to mediations conducted in India. It would inter alia apply to mediations where: all parties habitually reside or incorporated in or have their place of business in India, or the mediation agreement imports the applicability of the Mediation Act, or there is an international mediation in relation to a commercial dispute provided one of the parties is an individual who is a national or habitually resides in a country other than India, or a body corporate/association/body of individuals having place of business outside India, or Further, where one of the parties is the Central/State Government or any entity/body controlled or owned by such Government, the Mediation Act will be applicable only in case of a) commercial disputes, or b) any other disputes as notified Exclusion: It does not apply to mediation conducted outside of India or to disputes not fit for mediation, such as those involving minors, criminal offenses, or third-party rights. Time Limit: Mediation must conclude within 120 days, extendable by 60 days with mutual consent. Mediated Settlement Agreement (MSA): Final and binding, enforceable as a court decree; can be challenged within 90 days on grounds like fraud or corruption. Mediation Council of India (MCI): To be established for mediator certification, training, and regulation; recognizes mediation service providers. Differences Between Mediation, Arbitration, and Conciliation Aspect Mediation Arbitration Conciliation Nature Voluntary; mediator facilitates dialogue. Binding; arbitrator imposes a decision (award). Voluntary; conciliator actively suggests solutions. Outcome Non-binding unless formalized as MSA. Legally binding arbitral award. Non-binding unless parties agree to terms. Third Party Role Mediator is neutral, does not impose solutions. Arbitrator acts as a judge, decides the case. Conciliator proposes settlements, more proactive than mediator. Legal Framework Mediation Act, 2023; includes conciliation. Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996. Now under Mediation Act, 2023 (previously Part III of Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996). Enforceability MSA enforceable as a court decree. Award enforceable under Arbitration Act. Settlement enforceable only if formalized (now as MSA). Source : PIB CHENAB RIVER Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: The Indian government opened two gates at the Baglihar Hydroelectric Power Project Dam, built on the Chenab River in Ramban. Decoding the context: The gates have reportedly been opened to manage the rising water levels caused due to the heavy rainfall in Jammu and Kashmir. This comes after the centre had shut all the dam gates to regulate the water flow to Pakistan. Learning Corner: The Chenab River originates in the upper Himalayas in Himachal Pradesh’s Lahaul and Spiti district, formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers near Keylong. The Bhaga river originates from Surya taal lake, which is situated a few kilometers west of the Bara-lacha la pass in Himachal Pradesh. The Chandra river originates from glaciers east of the same pass (near Chandra Taal) In the Mahabharata, the common name of the river was Chandrabhaga. The river was called Asikni (Sanskrit: असिक्नी) in the Rigveda. The river flows through Himachal Pradesh, then enters Jammu and Kashmir. It then enters Pakistan’s Punjab province, where it eventually merges with the Sutlej River to form the Panjnad, which ultimately flows into the Indus River. Drainage basin: Covers 26,155 sq km in India, primarily draining the southern slopes of the Pir Panjal Range, Jammu hills, and foothills. Strategic and Economic Significance Indus Waters Treaty (IWT): Under the 1960 IWT, Chenab is a Western River allocated to Pakistan for unrestricted use, but India can build run-of-the-river projects for hydropower. The treaty was suspended in April 2025 after the Pahalgam terror attack. Hydropower Projects: Hosts major run-of-the-river dams in J&K like Baglihar (900 MW, Ramban) and Salal (690 MW, Reasi). Agricultural Dependence: Pakistan relies on Chenab for 60% of its Punjab irrigation; In India, Chenab supports J&K’s agriculture but is underutilized due to limited storage. Source : Economic Times ORGANISATION OF ISLAMIC COOPERATION (OIC) Category: INTERNATIONAL Context: India hit out strongly at the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) for its recent statement on the Pahalgam terror attack, calling it “absurd” and “politically motivated. Decoding the context: The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) issued a statement expressing “deep concern over the deteriorating security environment in South Asia.’ The statement also said that India’s “unfounded allegations against the Islamic Republic of Pakistan” were the factor behind escalating tensions between Delhi and Islamabad. Learning Corner: The Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), founded in 1969, is the second-largest intergovernmental organization after the UN, comprising 57 member states, primarily Muslim-majority countries, spanning four continents. Headquartered in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, its primary aim is to promote solidarity among Muslim nations, safeguard Islamic interests, and address global issues affecting the Muslim world. Key Objectives Enhance unity and cooperation among member states. Protect Islamic holy sites and support the Palestinian cause. Promote economic, cultural, and scientific collaboration. Address issues like terrorism, poverty, and education. Structure Summit of Heads of State: Meets every three years; highest decision-making body. Council of Foreign Ministers (CFM): Annual meetings to implement policies. General Secretariat: Led by the Secretary-General (Hissein Brahim Taha since 2020), manages daily operations. Specialized Organs: Includes Islamic Development Bank (IsDB) and Islamic Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (ISESCO). OIC and India India’s ties with OIC remain tenuous, primarily due to Pakistan’s influence. India has criticized OIC resolutions on Jammu & Kashmir. India, despite having the third-largest Muslim population globally (over 200 million), is not a member. Source : Hindustan Times IBERIAN PENINSULA Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: Recently, a large-scale blackout occurred in Spain and Portugal. There was widespread interruption in power supply in the Iberian Peninsula. Decoding the context: An investigative commission has been launched in Spain and a request has been made by the Portuguese government for an EU agency to perform an independent audit. Learning Corner: Located in southwestern Europe, it is the third largest peninsula in Europe (after the Scandinavian and Balkan peninsulas). Bordered by: Atlantic Ocean (west and northwest) Mediterranean Sea (southeast) Pyrenees Mountains (northeast) — natural border with France. Countries on the peninsula: Spain (covers ~85% of the land area) Portugal Andorra (microstate in the Pyrenees) British Overseas Territory of Gibraltar Modern Relevance: Spain and Portugal are EU and NATO members. The peninsula has strategic maritime importance, especially the Strait of Gibraltar, linking the Atlantic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. Plays a key role in migration routes from Africa to Europe. Source : BBC Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.Which of the following statements regarding the Iberian Peninsula is/are correct? It is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean on the west and the Mediterranean Sea on the east. The Pyrenees Mountains separate it from the rest of Europe. The countries located on the Iberian Peninsula include Spain, Portugal, Andorra, and France. Select the correct answer using the code given below: A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1, 2 and 3 D. 2 only Q2.With reference to the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), consider the following statements: The OIC was founded in 1969 after the arson attack on the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem. India has observer status at the OIC since 2018. The Islamic Development Bank is a specialized institution of the OIC. Its headquarters is located in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Which of the statements given above is/are correct A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 1, 3 and 4 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 Q3.With reference to the Chenab River, consider the following statements: The Chenab River is formed by the confluence of the Chandra and Bhaga rivers. Under the Indus Waters Treaty, the waters of the Chenab are allocated to India for unrestricted use. The Baglihar and Salal hydroelectric projects are located on the Chenab River. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 2 and 3 only C. 3 only D. 1 and 3 only Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 5th May – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

May 7, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS हिन्दी | UPSC प्रारंभिक एवं मुख्य परीक्षा – 3rd May 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) विझिनजाम अंतर्राष्ट्रीय बंदरगाह (VIZHINJAM INTERNATIONAL SEAPORT) श्रेणी: भूगोल संदर्भ: प्रधानमंत्री नरेंद्र मोदी ने केरल में विझिनजाम अंतर्राष्ट्रीय बंदरगाह का उद्घाटन किया। संदर्भ का दृष्टिकोण: यह भारत में पहली ग्रीनफील्ड बंदरगाह परियोजना है, जिसे किसी राज्य सरकार द्वारा 18,000 करोड़ रुपये से अधिक के निवेश के साथ शुरू किया गया है। Learning Corner: विझिनजाम अंतर्राष्ट्रीय बंदरगाह – मुख्य तथ्य स्थान: विझिंजम, तिरुवनंतपुरम के पास, केरल विकास मॉडल: डिजाइन, निर्माण, वित्त, संचालन और हस्तांतरण (डीबीएफओटी) के आधार पर सार्वजनिक-निजी भागीदारी (पीपीपी)। केरल सरकार की इसमें 61.5% हिस्सेदारी है, अडानी पोर्ट्स एंड एसईजेड लिमिटेड (एपीएसईजेड) 28.9% हिस्सेदारी के साथ इसका संचालन करता है तथा केंद्र सरकार की इसमें 9.6% हिस्सेदारी है। सामरिक और परिचालन महत्व भारत का पहला गहरे पानी का ट्रांसशिपमेंट बंदरगाह: 24,000 टीईयू से अधिक के अल्ट्रा-बड़े कंटेनर जहाजों (यूएलसीएस) को संभालने के लिए डिज़ाइन किया गया। शिपिंग लेन से निकटता: यूरोप, फारस की खाड़ी और पूर्वी एशिया को जोड़ने वाले पूर्व-पश्चिम अंतर्राष्ट्रीय शिपिंग मार्ग से सिर्फ 10 समुद्री मील की दूरी पर स्थित है। देश में गहरे पानी के ट्रांसशिपमेंट बंदरगाह के बिना, भारत का 75 प्रतिशत ट्रांसशिपमेंट कार्गो श्रीलंका में कोलंबो, सिंगापुर और संयुक्त अरब अमीरात में जेबेल अली जैसे विदेशी बंदरगाहों के माध्यम से आता है। इसके परिणामस्वरूप घरेलू व्यापारियों के लिए पारगमन समय और देरी बढ़ जाती है, जिससे उन्हें प्रति कंटेनर 80 से 100 डॉलर का अतिरिक्त खर्च उठाना पड़ता है। प्राकृतिक गहराई: 24 मीटर की प्राकृतिक गहराई, जिससे ड्रेजिंग की आवश्यकता न्यूनतम हो जाती है। स्रोत : हिंदुस्तान टाइम्स This is box title श्रेणी: पर्यावरण संदर्भ: कर्नाटक सरकार ने हाल ही में ग्रेटर हेसरघट्टा ग्रासलैंड कंजर्वेशन रिजर्व की अंतिम अधिसूचना जारी की। संदर्भ का दृष्टिकोण: बेंगलुरु के निकट हेसरघट्टा का घास का मैदान क्षेत्र एक अद्वितीय पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र बनाता है तथा वनस्पतियों और जीवों की अनेक प्रजातियों का पोषण करता है, जिनमें से अनेक लुप्तप्राय हैं। Learning Corner: भारत के संरक्षण रिजर्वों का नेटवर्क इसकी संरक्षित क्षेत्र प्रणाली में एक रणनीतिक वृद्धि का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है, जो मौजूदा वन्यजीव आवासों को जोड़ने वाली भूमि को कानूनी संरक्षण प्रदान करता है, राष्ट्रीय उद्यानों और अभयारण्यों को सुरक्षित रखता है, या अद्वितीय पारिस्थितिकी प्रणालियों को संरक्षित करता है। वन्यजीव (संरक्षण) संशोधन अधिनियम, 2002 द्वारा प्रस्तुत धारा 36ए राज्य सरकारों को स्थानीय समुदायों से परामर्श के बाद सरकारी स्वामित्व वाली भूमि को संरक्षण रिजर्व घोषित करने का अधिकार देती है। प्रबंधन: संरक्षण रिजर्व प्रबंधन समिति द्वारा देखरेख, जिसमें वन अधिकारी, स्थानीय पंचायत सदस्य, गैर सरकारी संगठन और कृषि/पशुपालन प्रतिनिधि शामिल होते हैं। सामुदायिक भूमिका: पारंपरिक गतिविधियों की अनुमति देना (जैसे, चराई, जलाऊ लकड़ी इकट्ठा करना); महत्व पर्यावास संपर्क: पर्यावास विखंडन को कम करने के लिए वन्यजीव गलियारे के रूप में कार्य करना। बफर जोन: मानवजनित दबाव से सुरक्षित क्षेत्र। सामुदायिक भागीदारी: घोषणा और प्रबंधन दोनों में स्थानीय भागीदारी को अनिवार्य बनाता है, तथा हितधारक स्वामित्व को बढ़ावा देता है। पारिस्थितिकी तंत्र संरक्षण: राष्ट्रीय उद्यानों या अभयारण्यों द्वारा कवर नहीं किए गए अद्वितीय आवासों (जैसे, घास के मैदान, आर्द्रभूमि) के संरक्षण को सक्षम बनाता है। स्रोत : द हिंदू This is box title श्रेणी: कला और संस्कृति प्रसंग: हाल ही में उत्तराखंड में जीवंत एवं गहन आध्यात्मिक लोक त्योहार रम्माण मनाया गया। संदर्भ का दृष्टिकोण: रंगमंच, संगीत, ऐतिहासिक पुनर्निर्माण और पारंपरिक मौखिक और लिखित कहानियों का संयोजन, रम्माण एक बहुआयामी सांस्कृतिक कार्यक्रम है जो समुदाय की पर्यावरणीय, आध्यात्मिक और सांस्कृतिक अवधारणा को दर्शाता है, इसके संस्थापक मिथकों को याद करता है और आत्म-सम्मान की भावना को मजबूत करता है। Learning Corner: रम्माण एक धार्मिक त्यौहार और अनुष्ठानिक रंगमंच है जो गढ़वाल हिमालय में उत्तराखंड के चमोली जिले के सलूर-डुंगरा नामक जुड़वां गांवों में प्रतिवर्ष मनाया जाता है। 2009 में यूनेस्को की मानवता की अमूर्त सांस्कृतिक विरासत की प्रतिनिधि सूची में अंकित। यह इन गांवों के लिए अद्वितीय है तथा हिमालयी क्षेत्र में अन्यत्र ऐसा नहीं है। प्रमुख विशेषताऐं समय: अप्रैल के अंत में आयोजित किया जाता है, आमतौर पर बैसाखी (संक्रांति) के 9वें या 11वें दिन, जो हिंदू सौर नव वर्ष और फसल के मौसम का प्रतीक है; अनुष्ठान: इसमें रामायण का पाठ, मुखौटा नृत्य और जागर (स्थानीय किंवदंतियां) का गायन शामिल है। देवता: यह गांव के देवता भूमियाल देवता (भूमिक्षेत्रपाल) को समर्पित है, जिसके मंदिर के प्रांगण में प्रदर्शन किया जाता है; देवता को जुलूस के साथ ले जाया जाता है और वे वर्ष भर गांव के चयनित घर में निवास करते हैं। सांस्कृतिक महत्व सामुदायिक एकता: सभी जातियां भाग लेती हैं, जिससे सामाजिक सामंजस्य बढ़ता है; भूमिकाएं जाति-विशिष्ट होती हैं (उदाहरण के लिए, ब्राह्मण प्रार्थना का नेतृत्व करते हैं, भंडारी पवित्र नरसिंह मुखौटा पहनते हैं)। विरासत संरक्षण: 500 वर्ष से अधिक पुराने रम्माण में मौखिक, दृश्य और गतिज परंपराओं का मिश्रण है, जो माल नृत्य (ऐतिहासिक लड़ाई) और कूर्जोगी (सांप्रदायिक खरपतवार हटाने) जैसे प्रदर्शनों के माध्यम से गढ़वाली जीवन, आस्था और इतिहास को दर्शाता है। स्रोत : द स्टेट्समैन ऑपरेशन कगार (OPERATION KAGAR) श्रेणी: राष्ट्रीय संदर्भ: ऑपरेशन कगार के नतीजों पर चिंता व्यक्त करते हुए, सीपीआई (एम) पोलित ब्यूरो ने एक बयान में कहा कि सरकार को यह सुनिश्चित करना चाहिए कि किसी निर्दोष की जान न जाए। संदर्भ का दृष्टिकोण: माओवादियों के सफाए के लिए केंद्र सरकार द्वारा ऑपरेशन कगार शुरू किया गया है। Learning Corner: भारत का ऑपरेशन कगार एक बड़े पैमाने पर, बहु-एजेंसी आतंकवाद विरोधी पहल है जिसे 2024 में केंद्रीय गृह मंत्रालय द्वारा “लाल गलियारे” में माओवादी (नक्सली) प्रभाव को खत्म करने के लिए शुरू किया गया है, जो मुख्य रूप से छत्तीसगढ़, तेलंगाना, ओडिशा और झारखंड में है। “कगार” का अर्थ चरमपंथी नेटवर्क को ध्वस्त करने का “अंतिम मिशन” है। इसमें 100,000 से अधिक सुरक्षा कर्मियों को तैनात किया जाता है – जिसमें सीआरपीएफ, कोबरा इकाइयां, जिला रिजर्व गार्ड और राज्य पुलिस शामिल हैं – जिन्हें ड्रोन, एआई-सक्षम निगरानी और उपग्रह इमेजरी द्वारा सहायता प्रदान की जाती है। चार सूत्रीय रणनीति विद्रोहियों के गढ़ों के भीतर अग्रिम परिचालन अड्डे स्थापित करना। पुनः प्राप्त क्षेत्रों को सुरक्षित करने के लिए किलेबंद पुलिस स्टेशन बनाना। उच्च तकनीक निगरानी (ड्रोन, एआई एनालिटिक्स, उपग्रह इमेजरी) तैनात करना। उदार आत्मसमर्पण नीति दलबदलुओं को प्रोत्साहित करती है। स्रोत : द हिंदू निजी सदस्य विधेयक (PRIVATE MEMBER’S BILLS -PMBS) श्रेणी: राजनीति संदर्भ: भारत के उपराष्ट्रपति जगदीप धनखड़ ने इस बात पर जोर दिया है कि पीएमबी भारत के विधायी परिदृश्य के लिए “सोने की खान” के रूप में काम करते हैं, जो समकालीन मुद्दों के लिए दूरदर्शी समाधान प्रस्तुत करते हैं। संदर्भ का दृष्टिकोण: स्वतंत्रता के बाद से अब तक केवल 14 पीएमबी पारित हुए हैं और उन्हें राष्ट्रपति की स्वीकृति प्राप्त हुई है, तथा 1970 के बाद से कोई भी दोनों सदनों से पारित नहीं हो सका है। 18वीं लोकसभा में अब तक केवल 20 सांसदों ने पीएमबी पेश किए हैं। 2024 के उद्घाटन और बजट सत्र के दौरान, लोकसभा में 64 पीएमबी पेश किए गए, लेकिन एक पर भी चर्चा नहीं हुई। Learning Corner: निजी बिल प्राइवेट मेंबर बिल एक विधायी प्रस्ताव है जिसे संसद सदस्य (एमपी) द्वारा पेश किया जाता है जो मंत्री नहीं होता है। ये बिल व्यक्तिगत एमपी के विचारों को दर्शाते हैं, न कि सरकार के विचारों को। प्रमुख विशेषताऐं किसी ऐसे सांसद द्वारा प्रस्तुत किया जा सकता है जो मंत्री नहीं है (अर्थात निजी सदस्य)। इसका उद्देश्य उन क्षेत्रों में विधायी हस्तक्षेप करना है जिन पर सांसद को ध्यान देने की आवश्यकता महसूस होती है। सांसद द्वारा या कानूनी विशेषज्ञों की सहायता से तैयार किया गया। स्वीकार्यता का निर्णय पीठासीन अधिकारी (लोकसभा में अध्यक्ष, राज्य सभा में सभापति) द्वारा किया जाएगा। आवंटित समय: दोनों सदनों में शुक्रवार का दिन पीएमबी पर चर्चा के लिए आरक्षित है। वर्ष विधेयक /बिल निम्न द्वारा प्रस्तुत नतीजा 1956 हिंदू विवाह (संशोधन) विधेयक आनंद नारायण मुल्ला पारित – पहली बार पीएमबी कानून बना 1969 विधानमंडल की कार्यवाही (प्रकाशन संरक्षण) विधेयक पीलू मोदी पारित 2015 ट्रांसजेंडर व्यक्तियों के अधिकार विधेयक तिरुचि शिवा (राज्यसभा) राज्यसभा में पारित (लोकसभा में नहीं) – बाद में सरकारी विधेयक बना 2019 विवाह में महिलाओं के अधिकार संरक्षण विधेयक के.जे. अल्फोंस पारित नहीं हुआ – वैवाहिक बलात्कार पर बहस छिड़ गई प्रक्रिया नोटिस अवधि: किसी निजी सदस्य को कम से कम एक महीने का नोटिस देना होगा। इसके बाद विधेयक को प्रस्तुतीकरण के लिए सूचीबद्ध किया जाता है, जिसके बाद सरकारी विधेयकों की तरह चर्चा और मतदान होता है। शायद ही कभी पारित किया जाता है – ज्यादातर मुद्दों को उजागर करने, सरकार पर दबाव डालने या बहस शुरू करने के लिए उपयोग किया जाता है। संवैधानिक एवं संसदीय प्रावधान अनुच्छेद 107: संसद में विधेयक प्रस्तुत करने की प्रक्रिया को परिभाषित करता है। प्रक्रिया एवं कार्य संचालन नियम (लोकसभा नियम 66-69; राज्य सभा नियम 62-67) पीएमबी से संबंधित हैं। स्रोत : द हिंदू Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs दैनिक अभ्यास प्रश्न: Q1. स्वतंत्र भारत में कानून बनने वाला पहला निजी सदस्य विधेयक किससे संबंधित था ? हिंदू विवाह अधिनियम संशोधन दलबदल विरोधी कानून लोकपाल विधेयक शिक्षा का अधिकार Q2.हाल ही में समाचारों में देखे गए “ऑपरेशन कगार” के संदर्भ में, निम्नलिखित कथनों पर विचार कीजिए : यह एक बहु-एजेंसी आतंकवाद विरोधी अभियान है जिसका उद्देश्य कई राज्यों में माओवादी नेटवर्क को ध्वस्त करना है। यह कार्य केवल छत्तीसगढ़ और झारखंड राज्यों तक ही सीमित है। इसमें ड्रोन और उपग्रह इमेजरी जैसी उन्नत निगरानी प्रौद्योगिकियों का उपयोग शामिल है। ऑपरेशन कगार में माओवादी कार्यकर्ताओं को आत्मसमर्पण और पुनर्वास के विकल्प प्रदान करने वाला एक घटक शामिल है। उपर्युक्त में से कौन से कथन सत्य हैं? केवल 1 और 2 केवल 1, 3 और 4 केवल 2 और 3 1, 2, 3 और 4 Q3.रम्माण महोत्सव के बारे में निम्नलिखित में से कौन सा/से कथन सही है/हैं? इसे यूनेस्को द्वारा मानवता की अमूर्त सांस्कृतिक विरासत के भाग के रूप में मान्यता दी गई है। यह पूर्वी हिमालय के कई गांवों में मनाया जाता है। इस उत्सव में अनुष्ठानिक रंगमंच, मुखौटा नृत्य और रामायण जैसे महाकाव्यों का पाठ शामिल होता है। इस त्यौहार के दौरान पूजे जाने वाले मुख्य देवता भूमियाल देवता हैं। नीचे दिए गए कोड का उपयोग करके सही उत्तर चुनें: केवल 1, 2 और 3 केवल 1, 3 और 4 केवल 2 और 4 1, 2, 3 और 4 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 2nd May – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

May 7, 2025 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 3rd May 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) VIZHINJAM INTERNATIONAL SEAPORT Category: GEOGRAPHY Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi inaugurated the Vizhinjam International Seaport in Kerala. Decoding the context: This is the first Greenfield port project in India, initiated by a state Government with an investment exceeding ₹18,000 crores. Learning Corner: Vizhinjam International Seaport – Key Facts Location: Vizhinjam, near Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala Development Model: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) on a Design, Build, Finance, Operate, and Transfer (DBFOT) basis. Kerala government holds 61.5% stake, Adani Ports and SEZ Ltd (APSEZ) operates it, with a 28.9% stake, and the Union government holds 9.6%. Strategic and Operational Significance India’s First Deepwater Transshipment Port: Designed to handle ultra-large container ships (ULCS) exceeding 24,000 TEUs. Proximity to Shipping Lanes: Located just 10 nautical miles from the east-west international shipping route connecting Europe, the Persian Gulf, and East Asia. Without a deepwater transhipment port in the country, 75 per cent of India’s transhipment cargo comes through foreign ports like Colombo in Sri Lanka, Singapore, and Jebel Ali in the UAE. This results in longer transit times and delays for domestic traders, costing them an additional $80 to $100 per container. Natural Depth: Boasts a natural depth of 24 meters, minimizing dredging requirements. Source : Hindustan Times CONSERVATION RESERVE Category: ENVIRONMENT Context: The Government of Karnataka issued the final notification of the Greater Hesaraghatta Grassland Conservation Reserve recently. Decoding the context: The grassland region in Hesaraghatta forms a unique ecosystem close to Bengaluru and supports numerous species of flora and fauna, many of which are endangered. Learning Corner: India’s network of Conservation Reserves represents a strategic addition to its protected area system, providing legal protection to lands that link existing wildlife habitats, buffer national parks and sanctuaries, or preserve unique ecosystems. Introduced by the Wildlife (Protection) Amendment Act, 2002, Section 36A empowers State Governments to declare government-owned lands as Conservation Reserves after consulting local communities. Management: Overseen by a Conservation Reserve Management Committee, including forest officials, local panchayat members, NGOs, and agriculture/animal husbandry representatives. Community Role: Permits traditional activities (e.g., grazing, firewood collection); Significance Habitat Connectivity: Serve as wildlife corridors to reduce habitat fragmentation. Buffer Zones: Cushion core protected areas from anthropogenic pressure. Community Participation: Mandates local involvement in both declaration and management, fostering stakeholder ownership. Ecosystem Preservation: Enables protection of unique habitats (e.g., grasslands, wetlands) not covered by national parks or sanctuaries. Source : The Hindu RAMMAN FESTIVAL Category: ART & CULTURE Context: The vibrant and deeply spiritual folk festival of Ramman was celebrated in Uttarakhand recently. Decoding the context: Combining theatre, music, historical reconstructions, and traditional oral and written tales, the Ramman is a multiform cultural event that reflects the environmental, spiritual and cultural concept of the community, recounting its founding myths and strengthening its sense of self-worth. Learning Corner: Ramman is a religious festival and ritual theatre celebrated annually in the twin villages of Saloor-Dungra, Chamoli district, Uttarakhand, in the Garhwal Himalayas. Inscribed in 2009 on UNESCO’s Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. It is unique to these villages and not replicated elsewhere in the Himalayan region. Key Features Timing: Held in late April, typically 9th or 11th day after Baisakhi (Sankranti), marking the Hindu Solar New Year and harvest season; Rituals: Involves recitation of the Ramayana, masked dances, and singing of Jagar (local legends). Deity: Dedicated to Bhumiyal Devta (Bhumichetrapal), the village deity, with performances in the courtyard of his temple; the deity is taken in a procession and resides in a selected village household for the year. Cultural Significance Community Unity: All castes participate, fostering social cohesion; roles are caste-specific (e.g., Brahmins lead prayers, Bhandaris wear the sacred Narasimha mask). Heritage Preservation: Over 500 years old, Ramman blends oral, visual, and kinetic traditions, reflecting Garhwali life, faith, and history through performances like Maal Nritya (historical battles) and Koorjogi (communal weed removal). Source : The statesman OPERATION KAGAR Category: NATIONAL Context: Expressing concern over the fallout of Operation Kagar,, the CPI(M) Polit Bureau in a statement said that the government must ensure that no innocent lives are lost. Decoding the context: Operation Kagar launched by the central government to eliminate Maoists. Learning Corner: India’s Operation Kagar is a large-scale, multi-agency counter-insurgency initiative launched by the Union Home Ministry in 2024 to eradicate Maoist (Naxalite) influence across the “Red Corridor,” primarily in Chhattisgarh, Telangana, Odisha, and Jharkhand. “Kagar” signifies a “final mission” to dismantle the extremist network. It mobilizes over 100,000 security personnel—including the CRPF, CoBRA units, District Reserve Guards and state police—supported by drones, AI-enabled surveillance, and satellite imagery. Four pronged strategy Establish Forward Operating Bases deep within insurgent strongholds. Build Fortified Police Stations to secure reclaimed areas. Deploy High-Tech Surveillance (drones, AI analytics, satellite imagery). Generous Surrender Policy encouraging defectors. Source : The Hindu PRIVATE MEMBER’S BILLS (PMBS) Category: POLITY Context: The Vice President of India, Jagdeep Dhankhar, has emphasized that PMBs serve as a “gold mine” for India’s legislative landscape, offering forward-looking solutions to contemporary issues. Decoding the context: Since Independence, only 14 PMBs have been passed and received presidential assent and none has cleared both Houses since 1970. In the 18th Lok Sabha, only 20 MPs have introduced PMBs so far. During the inaugural and Budget Sessions of 2024, 64 PMBs were introduced in the Lok Sabha, but not a single one was discussed. Learning Corner: FA Private Member’s Bill is a legislative proposal introduced by a Member of Parliament (MP) who is not a minister. These bills reflect the individual MP’s views, not that of the government. Key Features Introduced by any MP who is not a Minister (i.e., private member). Aimed at legislative intervention in areas the MP feels require attention. Drafted by the MP or with help from legal experts. Admissibility decided by the Presiding Officer (Speaker in Lok Sabha; Chairman in Rajya Sabha). Allocated time: Fridays are reserved in both Houses for discussion of PMBs. Year Bill Introduced By Outcome 1956 Hindu Marriage (Amendment) Bill Anand Narain Mulla Passed – first ever PMB to become law 1969 Proceedings of Legislature (Protection of Publication) Bill Piloo Mody Passed 2015 Rights of Transgender Persons Bill Tiruchi Siva (Rajya Sabha) Passed in RS (not LS) – led to govt bill later 2019 Protection of Rights of Women in Marriage Bill K.J. Alphons Not passed – generated debate on marital rape Procedure Notice period: A private member must give at least one month’s notice. The bill is then listed for introduction, followed by discussion and voting, similar to government bills. Rarely passed – mostly used to highlight issues, pressure the government, or start debate. Constitutional & Parliamentary Provisions Article 107: Defines the procedure of introducing bills in Parliament. Rules of Procedure and Conduct of Business (Lok Sabha Rules 66–69; Rajya Sabha Rules 62–67) deal with PMBs. Source : The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.The first Private Member’s Bill to become a law in independent India was related to: A. Hindu Marriage Act Amendment B. Anti-defection Law C. Lokpal Bill D. Right to Education Q2. With reference to “Operation Kagar”, recently seen in news, consider the following statements: It is a multi-agency counter-insurgency operation aimed at dismantling Maoist networks across multiple states. The operation is limited to the states of Chhattisgarh and Jharkhand only. It involves the use of advanced surveillance technologies like drones and satellite imagery. Operation Kagar includes a component offering surrender and rehabilitation options to Maoist cadres. Which of the statements given above are correct? A. 1 and 2 only B. 1, 3 and 4 only C. 2 and 3 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 Q3.Which of the following statements about the Ramman Festival is/are correct? It is recognized by UNESCO as part of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. It is celebrated in multiple villages across the Eastern Himalayas. The festival includes ritual theatre, masked dances, and the recitation of epics like the Ramayana. The main deity worshipped during the festival is Bhumiyal Devta. Select the correct answer using the code below: A. 1, 2 and 3 only B. 1, 3 and 4 only C. 2 and 4 only D. 1, 2, 3 and 4 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 2nd May – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

May 7, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 6th May 2025

May 7, 2025 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 7th May 2025

May 7, 2025 Important Articles

[MOCK TEST] IASbaba’s All India Mock Test for UPSC Prelims 2025 on 10th May (Saturday) and 17th May (Saturday). Available in Offline & Online Mode.

Hello Aspirants, We understand how this season might affect you… Some of you must be pouring cup after cup of ☕☕ chai/coffee and sitting under the study lamp to cram in every passing minute to make sure you do not miss out on anything… The restlessness and the desire to perform the best are real! But here’s one thing that you can do (some of you are already aware of this Magic Pill)💊💊💊 This Magic Pill in layman’s language is called :- PRACTICE So, what ‘Magic’ does this Magic 💊 bring in your life? Magic 1: Relieves you off the pressure of performing on that 1 day. Because your body and mind get used to the number of questions you are supposed to be attempting, the way your brain starts working while thinking of solutions, the way your heart beats when you come across something out of the unknown and then slowly starts normalizing… Basically, you are training your mind and body both to calm down… Magic 2: You learn things which you might have missed out on. Rather than learning from the same source, you get to fill in the gaps. So, who wouldn’t in their right mind want something like that….? We all want to stay one notch ahead, isn’t it? This is the right moment to turn on your engines and put all your energy in that FINAL revision and practice. To ensure that you get to experience the UPSC’s interface closely and become attuned to it, we have decided to conduct… We Thank You For The Overwhelming Response For Previous Mock Tests. All India Mock Tests on 10th May & 17th May (Saturday) Note: We have introduced Rs.10/- as registration fee for OFFLINE & ONLINE mode. The registration fee of Rs.10/- is just a token amount for providing access/hall tickets only. This amount will not be considered an exam fee. We are collecting the fees to avoid unwanted/spam registrations. Register For 10th May Mocks Register For 17th May Mocks This is the right time to gain momentum that by the time you are in the examination hall, you are at peak of your performance. If you can achieve that, no one will be able to stop you from qualifying the exam. The questions of these mocks will be made by experts from the IASbaba team which have been analysing the language and trend of UPSC. Hence you can be sure that these mocks will be closest to the language and difficulty level of UPSC. All India Mock Tests - UPSC 2025 10th & 17th May 2025 Paper 1 (General Studies) 9:30 AM to 11:30 AM Paper 2 (CSAT) 12:30 PM to 2:30 PM Centres for UPSC 2025 - All India Mock Test Delhi: IASbaba, 56/3 First Floor, Bazar Marg, Old Rajinder Nagar, New Delhi – 60 (Opposite Grover Mithaiwala) Bengaluru: IASbaba Headquarters (HQ), 2nd floor, Ganapathi Circle, 80 Feet Rd, Chandra Layout, Bengaluru – 72 * Centres are tentative, we will notify you via email if there are any changes. Register For 10th May Mocks Register For 17th May Mocks P.S. Since the seats are limited at any given centre, you must register soon through the following link The students who are enrolled in Gurukul Advanced, PT20 Prelims Test Series, TLP Connect or Prelims Exclusive Program (PEP) need not appear for the test. Are you ready? All the very best!

May 6, 2025 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series

[DAY 44] 60 DAY RAPID REVISION (RaRe) SERIES for UPSC Prelims 2025 GEOGRAPHY, CURRENT AFFAIRS & CSAT TEST SERIES!

Hello Friends The 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series is IASbaba’s Flagship Initiative recommended by Toppers and loved by the aspirants’ community every year. It is the most comprehensive program which will help you complete the syllabus, revise and practice tests on a daily basis. The Programme on a daily basis includes Daily Prelims MCQs from Static (Monday – Saturday) Daily Static Quiz will cover all the topics of static subjects – Polity, History, Geography, Economics, Environment and Science and technology. 20 questions will be posted daily and these questions are framed from the topics mentioned in the schedule. It will ensure timely and streamlined revision of your static subjects. Daily Current Affairs MCQs (Monday – Saturday) Daily 5 Current Affairs questions, based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, would be published from Monday to Saturday according to the schedule. Daily CSAT Quiz (Monday – Friday) CSAT has been an Achilles heel for many aspirants. Daily 5 CSAT Questions will be published. Note – Daily Test of 20 static questions, 10 current affairs, and 5 CSAT questions. (35 Prelims Questions) in QUIZ FORMAT will be updated on a daily basis. To Know More about 60 Days Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series – CLICK HERE 60 Day Rapid Revision (RaRe) Series Schedule – CLICK HERE Important Note Comment your Scores in the Comment Section. This will keep you accountable, responsible and sincere in days to come. It will help us come out with the Cut-Off on a Daily Basis. Let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 You can post your comments in the given format (1) Your Score (2) Matrix Meter (3) New Learning from the Test The following Test is based on the syllabus of 60 Days Plan-2025 for UPSC IAS Prelims 2025. Click Here To Take The Test -> Click Here

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