Posts

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) BENNU SAMPLE UNLOCKS SECRETS OF LIFE’S ORIGINS Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Studies of rock and dust from asteroid Bennu delivered to Earth by NASA’s OSIRIS-REx spacecraft have revealed molecules that, on our planet, are key to life, as well as a history of saltwater that could have served as the “broth” for these compounds to interact and combine. Background: – The findings do not show evidence for life itself, but they do suggest the conditions necessary for the emergence of life were widespread across the early solar system, increasing the odds life could have formed on other planets and moons. Asteroids like Bennu are remnants from the formation of the solar system, offering a snapshot of conditions that existed more than 4.5 billion years ago. Key takeaways Scientists have revealed that rocks from Bennu contain key components of life: Amino acids, nucleobases and traces of ancient saltwater — the essential ingredients for biological processes. Among the most striking discoveries in the Bennu samples are 14 of the 20 amino acids that life on Earth uses to build proteins, as well as all five nucleobases needed for genetic material like DNA and RNA.  However, its amino acids show something unusual. Life on Earth mostly uses ‘left-handed’ amino acids, but Bennu has nearly equal amounts of both left- and right-handed types. The presence of ammonia and formaldehyde — compounds that can react to form more complex molecules — further strengthens the case for asteroids as potential incubators for prebiotic chemistry. Beyond the molecular building blocks, Bennu’s samples also contain traces of water in the form of mineral salts. Scientists detected 11 different evaporite minerals. These minerals suggest that Bennu once harboured briny water that evaporated over thousands, if not millions, of years. Similar salty water reservoirs have been detected elsewhere in the solar system, such as beneath the icy crust of Saturn’s moon Enceladus and on the dwarf planet Ceres. The presence of these minerals on Bennu further supports the idea that watery environments, which could facilitate chemical reactions leading to life, were once widespread. Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) The Origins, Spectral Interpretation, Resource Identification, and Security–Regolith Explorer (OSIRIS-REx) is a NASA mission designed to study and return samples from the near-Earth asteroid 101955 Bennu. Key Milestones: Arrival at Bennu: OSIRIS-REx reached Bennu on December 3, 2018, initiating detailed mapping and analysis of the asteroid’s surface.  Sample Collection: On October 20, 2020, the spacecraft successfully collected surface material from Bennu using the Touch-And-Go Sample Acquisition Mechanism (TAGSAM).  Return to Earth: The sample capsule re-entered Earth’s atmosphere and landed in Utah on September 24, 2023, marking the United States’ first successful asteroid sample return mission. Following the successful delivery of Bennu’s samples, the spacecraft was renamed OSIRIS-APEX (Apophis Explorer). It is now tasked with a new mission to study the asteroid 99942 Apophis during its close approach to Earth in 2029. Source: Down To Earth HIMACHAL LAUNCHES PROJECT FOR CANNABIS FARMING Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: In the wake of popular demand for cultivation of cannabis in the Himalayan state, Chief Minister Sukhvinder Singh Sukhu-led Himachal Pradesh government approved a pilot project for cannabis or hemp cultivation.  Background: – Cannabis is a naturally occurring weed found throughout Himachal Pradesh, yet its cultivation had been banned under the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985. With this decision, Himachal Pradesh becomes one of the states, along with Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Jammu & Kashmir, and Manipur, to grant controlled permission for the cultivation of cannabis for medical and industrial purposes. Key takeaways What does the law say about cannabis cultivation? Cannabis cultivation is largely prohibited in India due to its psychoactive properties.  Section 2 of the Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985, prohibits the production and sale of cannabis resin and flowers. It defines charas as the separated resin, in any form (crude or purified), obtained from the cannabis plant. It also includes concentrated preparations such as hashish oil or liquid hashish. However, it provides exceptions for cannabis cultivation and use for industrial and medicinal purposes under government regulation.  Section 10 of the Act allows state governments to regulate, permit, or prohibit cannabis cultivation for medicinal and scientific purposes. Additionally, Section 14 grants the Central government the power to authorise and regulate cannabis cultivation for research or other approved purposes. What is controlled cannabis cultivation? It is the regulated cultivation of specific cannabis varieties having minimal intoxicating properties, along with strict monitoring to prevent misuse. Such varieties are commonly known as hemp. The tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) cannabinoid content (a kind of chemical that has an intoxicating effect) in controlled cannabis should be less than or equal to 0.3 per cent. Under controlled cannabis cultivation, authorities focus on its non-narcotic applications, particularly in the pharmaceutical and industrial sectors.  Hemp’s stalks, leaves, and seeds can also be converted into textile, paper, food, cosmetics, biofuel and more. Additionally, cannabidiol (CBD) compounds in the plant are effective in treating chronic pain. Before the tightening of restrictions in 2000, cannabis farming was a common practice in Himachal. Despite the ban, illegal cultivation continues in several districts. Countries like Canada, the United States, Japan, France, Italy, Hungary, China, Denmark, and Australia are leaders in cannabis farming and its processing. Source: Indian Express KARA SEA Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Amid a rapid expansion of Russian activity in the Arctic region, a nuclear-powered icebreaker suffered damage after colliding with a cargo vessel in the Kara Sea. Background: During the winter, nuclear icebreakers frequently accompany oil tankers and LNG carriers across the waters of the Arctic. Key takeaways The Kara Sea is a marginal sea of the Arctic Ocean, located to the north of Siberia, Russia. Location: The Kara Sea is bordered by the Novaya Zemlya archipelago to the west, the Severnaya Zemlya archipelago to the east, and the Franz Josef Land to the northwest. Climate Ice Cover: The Kara Sea is one of the coldest seas in the world, remaining ice-bound for most of the year, typically from September to May. Temperature: Air temperatures below 0°C prevail for 9-10 months in the north and 7-8 months in the south. In January, temperatures range from -28°C to -20°C, and in July, they range from -1°C to 6°C. Rivers: Major rivers that drain into the Kara Sea include the Yenisey, Ob, Pyasina, and Kara rivers. Islands: The Kara Sea contains numerous islands, including the Nordenskiold Archipelago, which is composed of more than 90 islands. Current Developments The incident draws attention to the Northern Sea Route (NSR). The development of this route has emerged as a strategic priority for Russian President Putin. Russia has been promoting the Northern Sea Route (NSR) as an alternative global shipping route. Compared to the Suez Canal, the NSR provides faster transit between Northern Europe and East Asia.  For example, the expected commerce through the NSR will reduce the distance between Shanghai and Rotterdam (the Netherlands’ main commercial port) by over 2,800 nautical miles, or 22%, compared to the Suez Canal route. This route will also likely reduce transportation costs by 30 to 40 percent. Source: Eurasian Times SLEEPING SICKNESS Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The World Health Organization (WHO) has announced that Guinea has successfully eliminated the gambiense form of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), also known as sleeping sickness, as a public health problem. Background: – The only form of human African trypanosomiasis found in Guinea has become the first neglected tropical disease to be eliminated in the country. Key takeaways Sleeping sickness, or African Trypanosomiasis, is a vector-borne parasitic disease caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma brucei. It is transmitted by the tsetse fly (Glossina species), which is found only in sub-Saharan Africa. There are two types of Trypanosoma brucei that cause the disease: Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (T.b. gambiense) Found in West and Central Africa. Causes chronic infection that progresses slowly over months or years. Accounts for over 95% of cases. Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (T.b. rhodesiense) Found in East and Southern Africa. Causes acute infection, progressing rapidly over weeks. Transmission : The tsetse fly bites an infected person or animal and then transmits the parasite to another host. The disease can also spread through: Blood transfusion Organ transplantation Congenital transmission (from mother to child) Symptoms and Stages – Sleeping sickness has two stages: Early Stage (Haemolymphatic Phase) Fever, headache, joint pain, and itching. Swollen lymph nodes, especially at the back of the neck (Winterbottom’s sign). Late Stage (Neurological Phase) : The parasite invades the central nervous system (CNS). Symptoms include: Sleep disturbances (sleeping during the day, insomnia at night). Confusion, mood changes, personality alterations. Loss of coordination and paralysis. If untreated, it leads to coma and death. Guinea’s accomplishment is part of a broader trend, with seven other countries — Togo, Benin, Côte d’Ivoire, Uganda, Equatorial Guinea, Ghana, and Chad — also validated by WHO for eliminating the gambiense form of HAT. Additionally, the rhodesiense form of HAT has been eliminated in Rwanda. Source: Down To Earth YAMUNA RIVER Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Arvind Kejriwal replied to the Election Commission of India’s notice over his claim that the Haryana government was “mixing poison” in Yamuna river, and said raw water received from the state recently has been “highly contaminated and extremely poisonous” for human health. Background: – The Yamuna River is vital to Delhi, providing water to about 70 percent of its population, not to mention its spiritual significance.  Key takeaways The Yamuna River is the largest tributary of the Ganga River and one of the most significant rivers in India. It originates from the Yamunotri Glacier at an altitude of 6,387 meters in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand. States Covered: Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Madhya Pradesh. Length: 1,376 km, making it the second-longest river in India after the Ganga. Major Cities Along Its Banks: Delhi, Mathura, Agra, Etawah, Allahabad (Prayagraj). Confluence: The Yamuna meets the Ganga at the Triveni Sangam in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, where the Saraswati River is also believed to join. Tributaries: Major tributaries include the Tons, Chambal, Sindh, Betwa, and Ken rivers. Source: Hindustan Times Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs   Q1.) With reference to cannabis cultivation in India, consider the following statements: The Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances (NDPS) Act, 1985 completely prohibits the cultivation of cannabis for any purpose. The act allows state governments to regulate cannabis cultivation for industrial and medicinal use under certain conditions. Himachal Pradesh is the first Indian state to allow controlled cannabis farming. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3   Q2.) Why is the Kara Sea strategically important for global trade and geopolitics? (a) It provides an alternative shipping route to the Suez Canal, reducing transit time between Europe and Asia. (b) It is the primary route for oil exports from Saudi Arabia to Russia. (c) It is the warmest Arctic Sea, making year-round shipping possible without icebreakers. (d) It has the world’s largest deposits of lithium, essential for battery production.   Q3.) The Yamuna River, an important tributary of the Ganga, passes through multiple Indian states. Which of the following statements is/are correct? The Yamuna originates from the Gangotri Glacier in Uttarakhand. It meets the Ganga River at Triveni Sangam in Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh. Major cities along the Yamuna include Delhi, Agra, and Mathura. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2, and 3 (d) 3 only Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  29th January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – a

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) TRUMP AND GREENLAND Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: US President-elect Donald Trump has once again expressed interest in buying Greenland, and Greenland has again stated it is not for sale. Background: – Greenland, though geographically part of North America, has been under Denmark’s control—located nearly 3,000 km (1,860 miles) away—for around 300 years. Why Greenland matters to US? Greenland’s strategic importance rose during the Cold War, and the US has an air base there, the Pituffik Space Base, earlier the Thule Air Base. From Greenland, the US can monitor and prevent any missile coming towards it from Russia, China, or even North Korea. Similarly, it can launch missiles and ships towards Asia or Europe more easily from Greenland. Second, Greenland is rich in rare earth minerals. At present, China is a major supplier of these minerals. Third, as global warming leads to melting of ice, new waterways can open in the Arctic region, and all major powers are keen to boost their presence here. The US would want to pre-empt a larger Russian or Chinese role in Greenland and its neighbourhood. US bought territories In 1803, the US bought more than 2 million sq km of land from France in what is known as the Louisiana Purchase. US paid $ 15 million for the deal. Another example is Alaska, which the Russian empire transferred to the US in 1867, for $7.2 million. In 1917, the US bought the Danish West Indies, a group of islands in the Caribbean, and called them the US Virgin Islands. About Greenland Greenland, the largest island on Earth, is situated in the Arctic and is the most sparsely populated territory in the world. It is home to approximately 56,000 residents, primarily indigenous Inuit people. Around 80% of Greenland is covered by ice, with most of its population concentrated along the south-western coast near the capital, Nuuk. As an autonomous territory of Denmark, Greenland hosts both Danish and U.S. military bases. Its economy relies heavily on fishing, while substantial subsidies from the Danish government contribute about 20% of its GDP. Source: Indian Express ALGAL BLOOM Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: A groundbreaking study, spearheaded by director of the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS), identified nine key algal bloom hotspots along India’s east and west coasts. Background: – The research, done using cutting-edge satellite data and field reports, showed that factors driving these algal blooms range from nutrient flux during monsoons to coastal upwelling (cooler and nutrient-rich water rising to the ocean surface). Key takeaways India’s coastline, rich in biodiversity, is grappling with a growing phenomenon of algal blooms. These events, caused by a sudden surge in phytoplankton biomass, are becoming more frequent and intense owing to environmental and human factors. Causes of Algal Blooms Nutrient Pollution: Excessive nutrients, particularly nitrogen and phosphorus, from agricultural runoff, wastewater, and industrial discharges, fuel the growth of algae. This process is called eutrophication. Warm Water Temperatures: Algal blooms are more common in warm water, which is why they often occur in summer or in regions with higher temperatures. Stagnant Water: Slow-moving or stagnant water bodies, such as lakes or ponds, are more prone to algal blooms because nutrients accumulate and are not flushed out. Climate Change: Rising global temperatures and changes in precipitation patterns can exacerbate the conditions that lead to algal blooms. Human Activities: Urbanization, deforestation, and agricultural practices contribute to nutrient runoff, increasing the likelihood of blooms. Types of Algal Blooms Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs): These blooms produce toxins that can harm aquatic life, humans, and animals. Examples include cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) blooms, which produce toxins like microcystins and anatoxins. Non-Toxic Blooms: Some algal blooms are not harmful but can still disrupt ecosystems by depleting oxygen levels in the water when the algae die and decompose. Examples of Harmful Algal Blooms Red Tide: Caused by dinoflagellates (a type of algae) in marine environments, leading to fish kills and respiratory issues in humans. Common in coastal areas like the Gulf of Mexico. Cyanobacteria Blooms: Often occur in freshwater lakes and ponds, producing toxins that can harm humans and animals. Source: The Hindu ANNUAL STATUS OF EDUCATION REPORT (ASER) Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) 2024 was released, revealing improvements in basic reading and arithmetic among students of classes 3 and 5 in rural areas reverting back from the post-pandemic damage. Background: Unlike most other large-scale learning assessments, ASER is a household-based rather than school-based survey. This design enables all children to be included – those who have never been to school or have dropped out; those who are in government schools, private schools, religious or other types of schools; as well as those who are absent from school on the day of the assessment. Key takeaways The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER) is a nationwide household survey conducted by Pratham Foundation, an NGO, to assess the status of children’s enrollment and learning outcomes in rural India. The ‘basic’ ASER survey tracks enrollment for children aged 3-16 and assesses basic reading and arithmetic of children aged 5-16. It was conducted every year from 2005 to 2014 in almost all rural districts of India.  Beginning in 2016, an alternate-year model was introduced, where the ‘basic’ ASER survey is conducted in alternate years and in the gap years, a different lens is employed to examine different age groups and/or new aspects of children’s learning. Key findings from ASER 2024 Significant improvement in learning levels: The proportion of Class III students in government schools who can read a Class II textbook rose to 23.4 per cent in 2024, up from 16.3 per cent in 2022. Basic arithmetic levels among Class III students improved to 33.7 per cent in 2024, from 28.1 per cent in 2018, across both government and private schools. Enrolment trends: Government school enrolment, which surged during the pandemic, is now returning to pre-pandemic levels. It rose to 72.9 per cent in 2022, from 65.6 per cent in 2018, but has since dropped to 66.8 per cent in 2024. Overall school enrolment for 6 to14-year-olds stands at 98.1 per cent, close to 98.4 per cent in 2022. Decline in underage enrolment : The proportion of underage children (aged five or younger) enrolled in Class I has dropped to 16.7 per cent, the lowest level ever recorded. Out-of-school numbers: The number of out-of-school children in older age groups has continued to decline, remaining well below 2018 levels. However, there has been a slight increase compared to 2022 estimates. Gender gap in smartphone use : Among 14-16-year-olds, 85.5 per cent of boys and 79.4 per cent of girls reported knowing how to use a smartphone.  Smartphone ownership on the rise : Household smartphone ownership in rural areas has grown significantly: 36 per cent in 2018, 74 per cent in 2022, 84 per cent in 2024.  While access to smartphones at home is nearly saturated, personal ownership among 14-16-year-olds has climbed to 31 per cent in 2024, from 19 per cent in 2022. Since Aser surveyed smartphone access, ownership, and digital skills for the first time, there are no earlier numbers for comparison. Social media vs education Despite the rise in digital access, smartphone use for education remains limited.  82.2 per cent of teenagers know how to use a smartphone. Only 57 per cent use it for educational purposes. 76 per cent use it for social media. Source: Business Standard BOMB CYCLONE Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: A powerful “bomb cyclone” named Storm Éowyn (pronounced AY-oh-win) pummeled parts of Ireland and the United Kingdom recently. Background: – It is not unusual for winter storms in this part of the world to reach bomb cyclone status. However, only very few in recent years have shown a rate of deepening pressure that is comparable to that of Storm Éowyn. Key takeaways A bomb cyclone, also known as explosive cyclogenesis or weather bomb, is a rapidly intensifying storm system characterized by a significant drop in atmospheric pressure. Definition: A bomb cyclone occurs when a mid-latitude cyclone’s central pressure drops by at least 24 millibars (mb) within 24 hours. Formation: It typically forms when a cold air mass collides with a warm air mass, often over ocean waters. This clash leads to a rapid drop in pressure and intensification of the storm. Characteristics Rapid Intensification: The defining feature of a bomb cyclone is its quick strengthening, which can lead to severe weather conditions. Weather Impact: Bomb cyclones can bring heavy precipitation (rain, snow), strong winds, and coastal flooding. They can cause significant damage to infrastructure and pose risks to human safety. Regions Prone to Bomb Cyclones: North America: U.S. East Coast, Great Lakes region, and Canada. Europe: North Atlantic regions, UK, and Scandinavia. Japan & East Asia: Occurs due to cold Siberian air masses interacting with warm ocean air. Source: Weather CONFLICT IN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Security forces of the Democratic Republic of the Congo are fighting against Rwanda-backed rebels (named M23) who advanced into Goma, a key eastern city, in a major escalation of a decades-long conflict. Background: – Sitting on the border with Rwanda and the shores of Lake Kivu, Goma is a vital trading and transport hub that is within reach of mining towns supplying metals and minerals in high demand such as gold, tin and coltan, which is a key component of mobile phones and batteries for electric vehicles. Key takeaways Who are the M23? The M23 are led by ethnic Tutsis, who say they needed to take up arms to protect the rights of the minority group. Shortly after its creation in 2012, the M23 rapidly gained territory and seized Goma – acts that were met with international opprobrium and accusations of war crimes. It was forced to withdraw from Goma, and then suffered a series of defeats at the hands of the Congolese army along with a UN force that saw it expelled from the country. M23 fighters then agreed to be integrated into the army in return for promises that Tutsis would be protected. But, in 2021, the group took up arms again. Neighbouring Rwanda has in the past consistently denied that it supported the M23, but ever since 2012 UN experts have accused it of providing weapons, logistical support and even ultimately commanding the rebels. What is the connection with Rwanda? The origin of the current fighting can partly be traced back to the genocide in Rwanda in 1994. About 800,000 people – the vast majority from the Tutsi community – were slaughtered by ethnic Hutu extremists. The genocide ended with the advance of a force of Tutsi-led rebels commanded by Paul Kagame, who is now Rwandan president. Fearing reprisals, an estimated one million Hutus then fled across the border to what is now DR Congo. This stoked ethnic tensions as a marginalised Tutsi group in the east – the Banyamulenge – felt increasingly under threat. Rwanda’s army twice invaded DR Congo, saying it was going after some of those responsible for the genocide. After 30 years of conflict, one of the Hutu groups, the Democratic Forces for the Liberation of Rwanda (FDLR), which includes some of those responsible for the Rwandan genocide, is still active in eastern DR Congo. Rwanda is unlikely to stay out of DR Congo unless it is satisfied that the FDLR is no longer a threat to itself, or to the Tutsi communities in eastern DR Congo. What about Congo’s mineral wealth? DR Congo and multiple UN reports have accused Rwanda of using the conflict as a way of looting Congolese minerals, such as gold and coltan, which is used to make batteries for electric vehicles and mobile phones. In recent years, the M23 has seized several lucrative mining areas and a report by UN experts said that around 120 tonnes of coltan was being sent by the M23 to Rwanda every four weeks. Source: BBC Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs   Q1.) Consider the following statements regarding algal blooms: Algal blooms occur only in freshwater lakes and do not affect marine ecosystems. Eutrophication caused by excessive nutrients is a major cause of algal blooms. Red tide is an example of a harmful algal bloom that can produce toxins affecting marine life. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3   Q2.) Consider the following statements regarding the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC): The DRC is located in West Africa and shares a border with the Atlantic Ocean. It is home to the Congo Rainforest, the second-largest tropical rainforest in the world after the Amazon. The DRC is rich in mineral resources, including cobalt and coltan, which are essential for electronic industries. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3   Q3.) With reference to algal blooms, consider the following statements: Algal blooms occur due to the excessive growth of algae in water bodies, primarily triggered by nutrient enrichment. Harmful algal blooms (HABs) can produce toxins that affect aquatic life, human health, and water quality. Algal blooms are always beneficial as they increase oxygen levels in water, supporting marine biodiversity. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  31st January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 1st February 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 31st January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 31st January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) PROMISE OF NUCLEAR FUSION Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: An experimental nuclear fusion reactor in China triggered a lot of excitement by keeping its operational state maintained for more than 1,000 seconds, or over 17 minutes, which is a new record. Background: – Nuclear fusion is what produces the energy in the Sun, or any other star. Scientists across the world have been trying to recreate this process to produce electricity. The technology can eliminate the world’s energy crisis, and the problem of climate change, but it has not been mastered yet. Key takeaways Nuclear fusion is a process where two light atomic nuclei combine to form a heavier nucleus, releasing a tremendous amount of energy. This is the same process that powers the Sun and other stars. How Does It Work? Fusion Fuel: The most common fusion reaction involves hydrogen isotopes: Deuterium (²H) and Tritium (³H) When these isotopes fuse under extremely high temperature and pressure, they form helium (⁴He) and release a neutron along with a vast amount of energy. Conditions for Fusion – To achieve fusion, the following conditions are required: High Temperature: Atomic nuclei are positively charged, so they naturally repel each other due to the electrostatic force. To overcome this repulsion, extremely high temperatures (millions of degrees Celsius) and pressures are required. High Pressure: The plasma must be confined at high density to increase the likelihood of collisions. Confinement Time: The plasma must be held together long enough for fusion reactions to occur. Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak (EAST) reactor The Chinese reactor did not produce electricity or carry out a fusion reaction. However, the reactor managed to maintain plasma in a steady state of confinement for a long time, longer than it had previously been possible. Fusion require very high temperatures. At such temperatures, matter exists only in the plasma state. But such hot plasma cannot be handled by or contained in any material. Within the reactor, this plasma needs to be kept suspended in a confined space, surrounded by very strong magnetic fields acting as walls. Charged particles respond to magnetic fields, and this property is used to guide the flow of plasma within an enclosed space, separated from any matter. This condition, necessary for facilitating fusion reactions, is extremely delicate. Scientists have not been able to maintain these conditions for longer than a few seconds. Real-life electricity-generating reactors would require this state to be maintained for hours, even days, at a stretch. Advantages of Fusion The fusion process produces far greater amounts of energy than any other source — one gram of fuel can yield as much energy as burning about eight tonnes of coal.  It uses cheap input materials, available in almost limitless supply (deuterium and tritium, two heavier isotopes of hydrogen that are used as fuel, are easily available in nature), has a zero emission footprint.  Unlike the fission process, it does not leave dangerous nuclear waste. International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) The largest fusion reactor, an international collaborative project called ITER, is coming up in southern France.  More than 30 countries are participating with India being one of the seven member countries contributing to the reactor’s construction and research. According to its current timeline, it would begin deuterium-tritium fusion reactions by 2039, producing 500 MW of fusion power. Source: Indian Express FEMINISATION OF AGRICULTURE Syllabus: Mains – GS 2 & GS 3 Context: Women contribute around 63 per cent of the agricultural labour force in India, yet they lack access to key resources such as land ownership, finance, and advanced farming technologies. Background: – Women’s involvement in agriculture does not necessarily equate to empowerment.  Key takeaways The female workforce participation rate in India reached its peak at 40.8 % in 2004-05 but has declined since. However, since 2017, the female labour force participation rate (FLPR) has seen a rising trend after years of decline.   The rural FLPR increased from 41.5% in 2022-23 to 47.6% in 2023-24, while the urban FLPR increased from 25.4% to 28% over the same time period. This growth in FLPR could be attributed to the economic recovery following covid, which prompted many women who were previously not part of the labour force to seek employment. In addition, the sudden rise in FLPR in the last few years has also been linked to economic distress. The rise in FLPR is largely driven by the rise in self-employment among women, especially in agriculture. This highlights the lack of non-farm job opportunities for women, with most employment opportunities for rural women remaining confined to agriculture. This leads to feminisation of agriculture.  Feminisation of agriculture can be interpreted  in two ways.  First, it refers to an increase in the proportion of farm related work undertaken by women, including their responsibilities as smallholder cultivators or casual agricultural wage workers.  Second, feminisation of agriculture can also imply an understanding of women’s control, ownership, and participation in agricultural resources and social processes. This includes women’s ownership of farmland, land rights, and decision-making powers. Factors such as declining production and productivity, increasing cost of inputs, higher risks of crop damage due to climate change and the growing aspirations of youth in rural areas have fueled male migration out of rural areas. As a result, women who are left behind take on farm work. Gender disparity in land ownership The Agriculture Census of 2015-16 reported that while 73% of rural women workers are engaged in agriculture, only about 11.72% of the total operated area in the country is managed by female operational holders. Additionally, women’s landholdings are predominantly small and marginal. In India, women can acquire land through inheritance, gift, purchase, or government transfers. However, these systems are often skewed. For instance, women are more likely to be financially constrained than men to purchase land, making inheritance the major means of ownership. Yet, social biases make it difficult for women to inherit. Towards gender equity in agriculture Women’s participation in paid work should not be confused with their empowerment. Women often face a “double burden of work” where they are forced to maintain a balance between paid employment and unpaid household responsibilities. The agrarian economy in India has been going through distress with a fall in incomes. Hence, women’s engagement in agriculture as cultivators may not be economically empowering. The feminisation of agriculture is often discussed alongside the feminisation of poverty or feminisation of agrarian distress. Unequal land distribution and the lack of land ownership among female farmers make it difficult for them to access credit and other financial resources. Measures like placing women at the core of policies around agriculture, equal distribution of land, equal access to mechanization, and gender-responsive climate mitigation policies would help in achieving gender equity in agriculture and empower women.  Source: Indian Express TEESTA Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: After more than 10 years, the West Bengal government gave its nod to the Teesta bridge project, which will connect Sikkim and West Bengal. The new bridge will not only help boost tourism, but is also important for strategic purposes. Background: At present, there is only one British-era bridge on the Teesta linking West Bengal and Sikkim. Key takeaways What is the existing bridge over the Teesta? The Coronation Bridge was built in the memory of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth from 1937 to 1941. At that time, its construction cost over Rs 1 lakh. Even after more than 80 years, it remains the only link between West Bengal and Sikkim. The bridge was damaged in the 2011 earthquake, after which the Centre started planning an alternative bridge to increase connectivity between the two states on this strategically important route. The Doklam standoff between India and China in 2017 made the construction of a new bridge more urgent, as the Coronation bridge is the only lifeline for the armed forces to transport necessary equipment to the China and Bhutan border and military bases. About Teesta river The Teesta River is a significant trans-boundary river in the Indian subcontinent, flowing through the Indian states of Sikkim and West Bengal, and into Bangladesh. Origin: The Teesta River originates from the Teesta Khangtse Glacier in the eastern Himalayas, near the Pauhunri Mountain. Flow: The Teesta flows southward through the mountainous regions of Sikkim and West Bengal, cutting deep gorges and rapids. Tributaries: Major tributaries include the Rangpo River, Lachung River, Relli River, and Kanaka River on the left bank, and the Rangeet River on the right bank. 305 km of the river lies in India and 109 km in Bangladesh. Confluence: In Bangladesh, the Teesta joins the Jamuna River (a distributary of the Brahmaputra River) near Phulchhari Upazila in Gaibandha District. The Teesta is the largest river of Sikkim and second largest river of West Bengal after the Ganges. Source: Indian Express DARFUR REGION Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: The head of the World Health Organization called for an end to attacks on healthcare workers and facilities in Sudan after a drone attack on a hospital in Sudan’s North Darfur region killed more than 70 people and wounded dozens. Background: – The war between Sudan’s army and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF), which broke out in April 2023 due to disputes over the integration of the two forces, has killed tens of thousands, driven millions from their homes and plunged half of the population into hunger. Key takeaways Darfur is a region in western Sudan, bordering Libya, Chad, and the Central African Republic (CAR). The region consists of savannahs in the south and semi-arid deserts in the north. Darfur was an independent Sultanate (Darfur Sultanate) until it was annexed by Sudan in 1916. It has a history of ethnic and tribal conflicts between Arab and non-Arab African communities over land and resources. Darfur Conflict (2003-Present): The Darfur conflict began in 2003 when non-Arab rebel groups (Sudan Liberation Army – SLA and Justice and Equality Movement – JEM) took up arms against the government. The Sudanese government, under Omar al-Bashir, supported Arab militias (Janjaweed) to suppress the rebellion. The conflict led to widespread human rights abuses, massacres, and genocide, with over 300,000 deaths and 2.5 million displaced. Following Sudan’s military coup (2021) and the civil war in 2023, violence in Darfur has escalated again. The Rapid Support Forces (RSF), an offshoot of the Janjaweed militia, is involved in ongoing conflicts. Source: Reuters NAGOBA JATARA Syllabus: Prelims – ART & CULTURE Context: Nagoba Jatara, the pilgrimage event of Mesram clan Adivasi Gonds, started at Keslapur village in north Telangana’s tribal heartland of Indervelli mandal in Adilabad district on the night of January 28. Background: – Mesram clan Raj Gonds and Pardhans from far and wide, including the erstwhile composite Adilabad district, neighbouring Maharashtra and the vast tribal region in Central India, will congregate in Keslapur to celebrate the annual mega holy fete. Key takeaways Nagoba Jatara is a major tribal festival celebrated by the Gond tribal community in the state of Telangana, India. It is one of the largest tribal fairs in South India. Who Celebrates? The Gond tribe, particularly the Mesram clan, organizes and participates in the festival. Location: Held at Keslapur village, Indervelli Mandal, Adilabad district, Telangana. Time of Celebration: Takes place in January or February during the Hindu Pushya Masam (winter season). Religious Significance: Dedicated to Nagoba, a serpent deity worshipped by the Gond community. The festival marks the renewal of ties between the Gond clans and is seen as a symbol of unity and tradition. Rituals & Events: Holy Water: Elder clan members collect holy water from the Godavari River and bring it to the temple. This water is used for various purification rituals. Nagoba Darshan & Puja: Worship of the Nagoba deity, performed by the Mesram priests. Devotees offer coconuts, jaggery, and prayers to seek blessings. Persa Pen Ceremony: A special ritual performed to honor the ancestors of the Gond tribes. Gusadi Dance: The traditional dance performed by Gond men wearing peacock feathers and tribal attire. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs   Q1.) Which Indian state plays a key role in the Teesta River water-sharing issue with Bangladesh? a) Assam b) West Bengal c) Arunachal Pradesh d) Meghalaya Q2.) The Darfur region, often in the news due to conflict, is located in which country? a) Chad b) Sudan c) Ethiopia d) South Sudan Q3.) Nagoba Jatara, one of the biggest tribal festivals in South India, is mainly celebrated by which tribal community? A) Santhal B) Gond C) Bhil D) Munda Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  28th January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 29th January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 28th January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) DEEPSEEK Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Chinese startup DeepSeek’s launch of its latest AI models, which it says are on a par or better than industry-leading models in the United States at a fraction of the cost, is threatening to upset the technology world order.  Background: – DeepSeek is a Hangzhou-based startup whose controlling shareholder is Liang Wenfeng, co-founder of quantitative hedge fund High-Flyer, based on Chinese corporate records. What sets DeepSeek models apart is their performance and open-sourced nature with open weights, which essentially allows anyone to build on top of them. Key takeaways The release of OpenAI’s ChatGPT in late 2022 caused a scramble among Chinese tech firms, who rushed to create their own chatbots powered by artificial intelligence. But after the release of the first Chinese ChatGPT equivalent, made by search engine giant Baidu, there was widespread disappointment in China at the gap in AI capabilities between U.S. and Chinese firms. The quality and cost efficiency of DeepSeek’s models have flipped this narrative on its head. The two models, DeepSeek-V3 and DeepSeek-R1, are on par with OpenAI and Meta’s most advanced models. They are also cheaper to use. DeepSeek-V3 stands out because of its architecture, known as Mixture-of-Experts (MOE). The MOE models are like a team of specialist models working together to answer a question, instead of a single big model managing everything. The DeepSeek-V3 has been trained on a meager $5 million, which is a fraction of the hundreds of millions pumped in by OpenAI, Meta, Google, etc., into their frontier models. DeepSeek developed its AI models amidst US sanctions on China for Nvidia chips, which were intended to restrict the country’s ability to develop advanced AI systems. Source: The Hindu GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Pune on January 27 reported nine more suspected cases of Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS), taking the tally in Maharashtra’s second largest city to 110. Background: – Earlier, a man suspected to have contracted Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS)died in Maharashtra’s Solapur district. The 40-year-old, a native of Solapur, had come to Pune, where he is believed to have contracted the disease. This is possibly the first death in Maharashtra suspected to have been caused by GBS. Key takeaways Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) is a rare autoimmune disorder where the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks the peripheral nerves. Cause: GBS is often triggered by an infection, such as respiratory or gastrointestinal infections, including Campylobacter jejuni, influenza, and Zika virus. Symptoms: The syndrome typically starts with tingling and weakness in the feet and legs, which can spread to the upper body. Severe cases can lead to paralysis. Onset: Symptoms usually develop rapidly over days to weeks. Symptoms Initial Symptoms: Tingling and weakness in the extremities, often starting in the feet and legs. Progression: Weakness can spread to the upper body, leading to difficulty walking, climbing stairs, or performing daily activities. Severe Symptoms: In severe cases, GBS can cause paralysis, difficulty breathing, and changes in heart rate and blood pressure. Diagnosis Clinical Evaluation: Diagnosis is based on symptoms, medical history, and physical examination. Tests: Nerve conduction studies and examination of cerebrospinal fluid can help confirm the diagnosis. Treatment Supportive Care: Treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. Immunotherapy: Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) and plasmapheresis are used to reduce the severity and duration of GBS. Recovery: Most people recover fully, but recovery can take weeks to years, and some may have lasting effects such as weakness or fatigue. Prevention Infection Control: Preventing infections that can trigger GBS is crucial. This includes practicing good hygiene, safe food handling, and staying up-to-date with vaccinations. Source: The Hindu WETLAND ACCREDITED CITIES Syllabus: Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: Indore and Udaipur have become the first two Indian cities to join the global list of accredited wetland cities under the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands. Background: Indore, known for its cleanliness and innovative policies, is home to Sirpur Lake, a Ramsar site. Udaipur, renowned for its picturesque lakes, has five major wetlands: Pichola, Fateh Sagar, Rang Sagar, Swaroop Sagar, and Doodh Talai. Key takeaways The Wetland City Accreditation (WCA) is a voluntary scheme established by the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands in 2015.  It aims to recognize cities that have a positive relationship with wetlands, promoting their conservation and wise use. This accreditation encourages urban areas to integrate wetlands into their planning and decision-making processes, highlighting the benefits these ecosystems provide to urban communities. Eligibility Criteria: To be formally accredited, a candidate for the Wetland City Accreditation of the Ramsar Convention should satisfy the standards used to implement each of the following international criteria: It has one or more Ramsar Sites, or other wetland conservation sites fully or partly situated within its jurisdiction, which provide(s) a range of ecosystem services to the city;  It has adopted measures for conservation of wetlands and their ecosystem services;  It has implemented wetland restoration and/or management measures;  It considers the challenges and opportunities of integrated spatial/land-use planning for wetlands under its jurisdiction;  It has raised public awareness about the values of wetlands by delivering locally adapted information, and enabled participation of local stakeholders in decisionmaking processes;  It has established a local committee with appropriate knowledge and experience on wetlands and representation of and engagement with stakeholders to support the preparation work to apply for the Wetland City Accreditation and the implementation of proper measures to maintain the city’s qualifications for the accreditation. Benefits of Accreditation: International Recognition: Accredited cities gain global acknowledgment for their sustainable practices concerning wetlands. Enhanced Public Awareness: The accreditation promotes increased awareness among residents about the importance of wetlands. Tourism and Economic Opportunities: Recognition can boost eco-tourism and related economic activities. Source: Times of India NAMDAPHA NATIONAL PARK AND TIGER RESERVE Syllabus: Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: An elephant has been camera-trapped in India’s easternmost tiger reserve after 12 years, fuelling conservation hopes. Background: – According to the Arunachal Pradesh Forest Department, elephants have traditionally migrated between the Namsai area of the State and Myanmar through the Namdapha National Park and Tiger Reserve but encroachment since 1996 blocked the jumbo migration route. Key takeaways Situated in Changlang district, Arunachal Pradesh, near the tri-junction of India, Myanmar, and China. Lies in the eastern Himalayas and forms part of the Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. Geographical Features: Spread over 1,985 square kilometers, making it the third-largest national park in India in terms of area. Altitude ranges from 200 meters to 4,571 meters, supporting diverse ecosystems. Major rivers: Noa Dihing River flows through the park. Key Features: Biodiversity: Known for its rich flora and fauna, encompassing tropical evergreen forests, temperate forests, and alpine meadows. Fauna Highlights: Big Cats: The only park in the world to host four species of big cats: tiger, leopard, snow leopard, and clouded leopard. Other notable species: Asiatic black bear, red panda, hoolock gibbons, capped langur, and hornbills. The Namdapha flying squirrel (Biswamoyopterus biswasi) was first collected in the park and described.[9] It is endemic to the park and critically endangered. Flora Highlights: Includes orchids, ferns, bamboos, and diverse medicinal plants. Tiger Reserve: Declared a tiger reserve in 1983 under Project Tiger. Faces challenges in tiger population estimation due to its rugged terrain and dense forest cover. Tribal Communities: Inhabited by indigenous tribes like the Lisu, Singpho, and Tangsa. Depend on the forest for subsistence but are now engaged in conservation efforts. Source: Indian Express UNIFIED PENSION SCHEME (UPS) Syllabus: Prelims – ECONOMY Context: Five months after the Centre announced a new Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) with assured benefits for government employees, the Finance Ministry notified the scheme as an option for workers covered by the National Pension System (NPS) to be effective from April 1, 2025. Background: – The NPS did not offer an assured pension to government employees who joined service on, or after January 1, 2004, and had replaced an older arrangement that guaranteed pensions for government employees equivalent to 50% of their last drawn salary that were considered fiscally unsustainable.  The UPS, approved by the Union Cabinet, restores the assurance of 50% of salary as pension for Union government employees. Key takeaways The Unified Pension Scheme (UPS) is a new pension scheme introduced by the Indian government, aimed at providing greater financial security for government employees. Current and future central government employees under the NPS have the option to either transition to the UPS or remain with the existing NPS. Once the decision to switch to the UPS is made, it becomes final and cannot be reversed. Key Features Assured Pension: Employees will receive a pension equivalent to 50% of their average basic pay drawn during the last 12 months before retirement, provided they have completed at least 25 years of service. Minimum Pension: Employees with at least 10 years of service will receive a minimum pension of Rs. 10,000 per month. Family Pension: In case of the employee’s death, family members are entitled to 60% of the pension. Dearness Relief: Regular pension hikes to align with inflation trends. Superannuation Benefits: A lump sum payout alongside gratuity upon retirement. Voluntary Retirement: Employees who opt for voluntary retirement after completing a minimum of 25 years of service will be eligible for the pension from the date they would have attained superannuation age. Source: Business Standard Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs   Q1.) Consider the following statements regarding Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS): GBS is an autoimmune disorder that primarily affects the central nervous system. It is often triggered by infections such as Campylobacter jejuni and influenza. Treatment for GBS includes the use of plasmapheresis and intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG). Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3   Q2.) Which of the following statements about Wetland Accredited Cities is correct? Indore and Udaipur are the first Indian cities to join the global list of accredited wetland cities under the Ramsar Convention. Wetland Accreditation promotes urban areas to conserve wetlands but excludes Ramsar-designated sites. The accreditation encourages integrating wetlands into urban planning and decision-making. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3   Q3.) Which of the following statements regarding Namdapha National Park is/are correct? Namdapha is located in Arunachal Pradesh near the tri-junction of India, Myanmar, and Bhutan. It hosts four species of big cats: tiger, leopard, snow leopard, and clouded leopard. The Namdapha flying squirrel, found here, is critically endangered. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  27th January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – b Q.3) – a

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 28th January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 27th January 2025

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) FISCAL HEALTH INDEX Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: The Chairman of the 16th Finance Commission, Dr. Arvind Panagariya, launched the inaugural issue of NITI Aayog’s report titled “Fiscal Health Index (FHI) 2025”. Background: – The FHI aims to throw light on the fiscal status at the sub-national level and guide policy reforms for sustainable and resilient economic growth Key things to know about elections The report ranks 18 major States on the basis of composite fiscal index, which is based on five major sub-indices –  Quality of Expenditure: Assesses how effectively states allocate their expenditures. Revenue Mobilisation: Evaluates the ability of states to generate revenue. Fiscal Prudence: Measures the fiscal discipline of states in managing their finances. Debt Index: Assesses the debt burden and sustainability of states. Debt Sustainability: Evaluates the long-term sustainability of state debt. With a cumulative score of 67.8, Odisha tops the ranking in fiscal health among 18 major States, followed by Chhattisgarh and Goa with scores of 55.2 and 53.6, respectively. Goa, Telangana and Odisha are leading in revenue mobilization and fiscal prudence.  It was observed that Odisha, Jharkhand, Goa, and Chhattisgarh have effectively mobilised non-tax sources, with Odisha relying heavily on mining-linked premiums and Chhattisgarh benefitting from coal block auctions. Punjab emerged as the biggest laggard, followed by Andhra Pradesh, West Bengal, Kerala, and Haryana.  Kerala and Punjab struggle with low quality of expenditure and debt sustainability, while West Bengal faces revenue mobilization and debt index issues. Andhra Pradesh has high fiscal deficits, and Haryana has a poor debt profile. Source: PIB IRON AGE Syllabus: Prelims – ANCIENT HISTORY Context: In an announcement that challenges long-held assumptions about the origins of the Iron Age, a new study has found evidence that the use of iron in the area that is now Tamil Nadu dates back to the first quarter of the 4th millennium BCE. Background: – Globally, the Iron Age has long been attributed to the Hittite Empire in Anatolia, where iron technology is believed to have emerged around 1300 BCE. However, the Tamil Nadu findings challenge this and positions the region as a pioneering hub of early metallurgy, surpassing global timelines by nearly two millennia. Key takeaways The new findings, which provide evidence that iron technology in Tamil Nadu dates as far back as 3345 BCE, are supported by Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) analyses conducted on samples from sites such as Sivagalai, Adichanallur, Mayiladumparai, and Kilnamandi. Until recently, the Iron Age in India was believed to have emerged between 1500 and 2000 BCE, closely following the Indus Valley Civilisation. However, new data pushes this timeline back.  A paddy sample from a burial urn in Sivagalai was dated to 1155 BCE, while charcoal and potsherds (broken pieces of ceramic material) from the same site provided dates ranging from 2953 BCE to 3345 BCE, making it the earliest recorded evidence of iron technology globally. At Mayiladumparai, samples were dated to 2172 BCE, surpassing earlier benchmarks of iron usage in the region. Kilnamandi, meanwhile, yielded a sarcophagus burial dated to 1692 BCE, marking a significant milestone as the earliest-dated burial of its kind in Tamil Nadu. Study establishes that Tamil Nadu was not merely a participant in the evolution of metallurgy but an innovator, as the smelted iron findings have been dated to the middle of the third millennium BCE for the first time in the world. When cultural zones located north of Vindhyas experienced the Copper Age, the region south of Vindhyas might have entered into the Iron Age due to the limited availability of commercially exploitable copper ore. Thus, the Copper Age of North India and the Iron Age of South India are probably contemporary.  Archaeological sites in Tamil Nadu also revealed varied metallurgical techniques. Three types of iron-smelting furnaces were identified, showcasing early innovations in extracting iron. Circular furnaces in Kodumanal, for instance, reached temperatures of 1,300°C, sufficient to produce sponge iron. The study explains that the people in the area mastered the complex technology of smelting iron, which requires temperatures between 1,200°C and 1,400°C, as far back as 5,300 years ago. Source: Indian Express INLAND WATERWAYS AUTHORITY OF INDIA (IWAI) Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: For effective implementation of Inland Water Transport activities in National Waterway-1 (NW-1), River Ganga, the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) has upgraded its existing sub-office at Varanasi to a full-fledged Regional Office.  Background: IWAI, presently has five regional offices in Guwahati (Assam), Patna (Bihar), Kochi (Kerala), Bhubaneswar (Odisha) and Kolkata (West Bengal). It will now have its sixth regional office in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh. Key takeaways The Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is the statutory body responsible for the development, maintenance, and regulation of inland waterways for shipping and navigation across the country.  Established on October 27, 1986, under the IWAI Act of 1985, it operates under the Ministry of Ports, Shipping and Waterways.  The headquarters of IWAI is located in Noida, Uttar Pradesh. Key Functions of IWAI: Infrastructure Development: IWAI is tasked with building and enhancing infrastructure on national waterways, including the construction of terminals, jetties, and navigational aids to facilitate smooth and efficient water transport. Regulation and Maintenance: The authority ensures the maintenance of navigable channels, conducts dredging operations, and implements measures to maintain desired depth and width for safe vessel movement. Project Feasibility Studies: IWAI conducts economic feasibility studies for new projects, assessing the potential and viability of developing additional waterways to expand the inland water transport network. National Waterways in India: To promote and develop inland water transport, several waterways have been designated as National Waterways (NWs). Some of the prominent NWs include: National Waterway 1 (NW-1): Extending from Prayagraj to Haldia over a length of 1,620 kilometers along the Ganges-Bhagirathi-Hooghly river system. National Waterway 2 (NW-2): Covering an 891-kilometer stretch from Sadiya to Dhubri on the Brahmaputra River. National Waterway 3 (NW-3): A 205-kilometer route from Kollam to Kottapuram in Kerala, encompassing the West Coast Canal along with Champakara and Udyogmandal canals. National Waterway 4 (NW-4): Spanning 1,095 kilometers, it includes the Kakinada-Puducherry stretch of canals and the Godavari and Krishna rivers. National Waterway 5 (NW-5): Covering 623 kilometers, it comprises the East Coast Canal integrated with parts of the Brahmani and Mahanadi rivers. Source: PIB KALARIPAYATTU Syllabus: Prelims – ART & CULTURE Context: Kalaripayattu has become a bone of contention ahead of the 38th edition of the National Games which is scheduled to commence from January 28 in Uttarakhand. Background: – The Indian Kalaripayattu Federation has accused the Indian Olympics Association (IOA) of “relegating” the martial art to the demonstration section of the event. In the 37th edition of the National Games, held in Goa in 2023, Kalaripayattu was included in the competition section. Key takeaways Kalaripayattu is one of the oldest and most scientific martial art forms in the world, aimed at mind and body coordination. It originated and is widely practiced in Kerala. The term “Kalaripayattu” is derived from two Malayalam words: “kalari” (training ground or battleground) and “payattu” (training of martial arts), which together mean “practice in the arts of the battlefield”. Practices: Combines strikes, kicks, weaponry, and healing techniques. Practitioners are trained in physical agility, meditation, and knowledge of vital body points (Marmas). Styles: Divided into Northern (Vadakkan), Southern (Thekkan), and Central styles based on regional practices. The four stages of Kalaripayattu are: (i) Maippayattu: It is the body conditioning phase where the person is schooled to prepare their body for a fight. Only after qualifying this stage can the practitioner proceed to the next phase of training. (ii) Kolthari: In this stage, a person is taught attack and self-defense with the help of wooden weapons such as short sticks, and long sticks. (iii) Angathari: Once the person overcomes the fear of fighting with wooden weapons, sharp metal objects are introduced — in the third stage. (iv) Verumkai: This stage includes bare-hand fighting. Students are taught body anatomy so that they know what points they can hit and what they cannot. Weaponry: Involves the use of various weapons like swords, spears, shields, and urumi (flexible whip sword). Source: Indian Express VIKAS ENGINE Syllabus: Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has successfully carried out a demonstration of restarting its Vikas liquid engine at a test facility at Propulsion Complex in Mahendragiri. Background: – This test marks a milestone in the development of technologies for recovery of stages, leading to reusability in future launch vehicles, according to an ISRO statement. Key takeaways The Vikas Engine is a liquid-fuel rocket engine developed by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).  It is an essential part of India’s space launch vehicle program and has been used in multiple launch vehicles, including the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV), Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), and GSLV Mk III (now called LVM3). Vikas engine is used to power the second stage of PSLV, boosters and second stage of GSLV Mark I and II and also the core stage of LVM3. The engine uses Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) as fuel and Nitrogen Tetroxide (N2O4) as the oxidizer. Source: India Today Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs   Q1.) Which of the following statements about the Inland Waterways Authority of India (IWAI) is/are correct? IWAI was established in 1985 under the IWAI Act, 1986. The National Waterway 1 (NW-1) connects Prayagraj to Haldia along the Ganga River. IWAI operates under the Ministry of Jal Shakti. Options: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2, and 3 (d) 1 and 3 only   Q2.) Consider the following statements about Kalaripayattu: It originated in Andhra region and is one of the oldest martial art forms in the world. The term “Kalaripayattu” means “practice in the arts of the battlefield.” One of the stage of Kalaripayattu training, called Verumkai, includes bare-hand fighting techniques. Options: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3   Q3.) Which of the following statements about the Vikas Liquid Engine is correct? It is a liquid-propellant engine developed by ISRO. It uses liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen as propellants. The engine is used in both PSLV and GSLV series of launch vehicles. Options: (a) 1 and 3 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1, 2, and 3 (d) 1 only Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  25th January – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2025 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 27th January 2025

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Website
Terms and Conditions Privacy Refund Policy Learning Management System by Testpress