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Aug 26, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 26th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) JAL JEEVAN MISSION (JJM) Syllabus Mains -GS 2 Context: The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM), launched in 2019, has recently completed five years. Background: – The Jal Jeevan Mission (JJM) was launched by Prime Minister Narendra Modi on August 15, 2019, with the goal of providing tap water supply to every rural household by 2024. At the time of its inception, only 3.23 crore (17%) of rural households had tap water connections. Progress Under the Jal Jeevan Mission (as of August 14, 2024): As of August 12, 2024, the Jal Jeevan Mission has successfully provided tap water connections to 11.82 crore additional rural households, bringing the total coverage to more than 15.07 crore households, which accounts for 77.98% of all rural households in India. This milestone has significantly impacted rural lives by providing reliable access to potable water at home. Household Coverage:07 crore (77.98%) of rural households have been provided with tap water connections. ‘Har Ghar Jal’ Status: Achieved in 188 districts, 1,838 blocks, 1,09,996 Gram Panchayats, and 2,33,209 villages. JE-AES Affected Regions: Over 2.35 crore households (79.21%) in Japanese Encephalitis (JE)-Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES) affected districts now have access to clean tap water. States/UTs with 100% Coverage: Goa, Andaman & Nicobar Islands, Dadra Nagar Haveli & Daman Diu, Haryana, Telangana, Puducherry, Gujarat, Himachal Pradesh, Punjab, Mizoram, and Arunachal Pradesh. Schools and Anganwadi Centers: 9,27,421 schools and 9,63,955 Anganwadi centers have been provided with tap water supply. The broad objectives of the Jal Jeevan Mission include: Providing Functional Household Tap Connection (FHTC) to every rural household. Prioritizing FHTC provision in quality-affected areas, drought-prone regions, desert areas, and Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) villages. Ensuring functional tap connections in schools, Anganwadi centers, gram panchayat buildings, health and wellness centers, and community buildings. Monitoring the functionality of tap connections. Promoting voluntary ownership among the local community through contributions in cash, kind, or labor (shramdaan). Ensuring the sustainability of water supply systems, including water sources, infrastructure, and funding for regular operations and maintenance. Empowering and developing human resources in the water sector, covering construction, plumbing, electrical work, water quality management, water treatment, catchment protection, and more. Raising awareness about the significance of safe drinking water and involving stakeholders to make water everyone’s responsibility. Components supported under JJM: Development of in-village piped water supply infrastructure to provide tap water connections to every rural household. Development and augmentation of reliable drinking water sources to ensure long-term sustainability. Bulk water transfer, treatment plants, and distribution networks where necessary. Technological interventions for contaminant removal in areas with water quality issues. Retrofitting of ongoing and completed schemes to provide FHTCs at a minimum service level of 55 liters per capita per day (lpcd). Greywater management. Support activities such as Information, Education, and Communication (IEC), Human Resource Development (HRD), training, utility development, water quality laboratories, research and development, capacity building of communities, etc. Addressing unforeseen challenges due to natural disasters or calamities, as per Ministry of Finance guidelines on Flexi Funds. Impact of JJM: The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that achieving JJM’s goals will save over 5.5 crore hours daily, primarily for women, otherwise spent collecting water. WHO projects that ensuring safely managed drinking water for all households in India could prevent nearly 400,000 deaths from diarrheal diseases, saving approximately 14 million Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs). Nobel laureate Prof. Michael Kremer’s research suggests that safe water coverage could reduce mortality among children under five by nearly 30%, potentially saving 136,000 lives annually. The Indian Institute of Management Bangalore, in partnership with the International Labour Organization (ILO), estimates that JJM will generate 59.9 lakh person-years of direct and 2.2 crore person-years of indirect employment during its capital expenditure phase. Additionally, the operation and maintenance phase could generate 13.3 lakh person-years of direct employment. Source: PIB NEED TO PROHIBIT USE OF PESTICIDES Syllabus Mains GS-3 Context: To address the concerns over the usage of pesticides, the Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) has proposed the formation of an inter-ministerial committee. Background: – The proposal was discussed by the FSSAI’s 44th meeting of the Central Advisory Committee (CAC) between 22 and 23 August. The initiative is aimed at ensuring that agricultural practices remain safe and sustainable, thereby protecting consumers from potential health risks associated with pesticide residues in food. Pesticides: Pesticides are substances used to prevent, destroy, repel, or mitigate pests. They include various chemicals such as herbicides (for weeds), insecticides (for insects), fungicides (for fungi), and rodenticides (for rodents). Why Indian Farmers Use Pesticides? Crop Protection: To protect crops from pests and diseases, ensuring higher yields and better-quality produce. Economic Stability: Reducing crop losses helps in maintaining the economic stability of farmers. Increased Productivity: Pesticides help in achieving higher productivity per hectare, which is crucial for meeting the food demands of a growing population. Benefits of Pesticides: Higher Crop Yields: Protecting crops from pests leads to increased agricultural productivity. Disease Control: Reducing the population of disease-carrying pests helps in controlling outbreaks. Economic Benefits: Higher yields and reduced crop losses contribute to economic stability for farmers. Challenges: Environmental Impact: Pesticides can contaminate soil, water, and non-target species, leading to biodiversity loss. Health Risks: Exposure to pesticides can cause acute and chronic health issues in humans. Resistance: Overuse of pesticides can lead to pests developing resistance, making them harder to control. Government Initiatives: Regulation and Monitoring: The government sets regulations to control the use of pesticides and monitors their impact on health and the environment. Integrated Pest Management (IPM): The government promotes Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices, which combine biological, cultural, and chemical methods to manage pests sustainably. This approach reduces the reliance on chemical pesticides and encourages the use of biopesticide National Pest Surveillance System: An Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based platform, the National Pest Surveillance System, has been introduced to monitor pest populations and predict outbreaks. This helps in timely and targeted application of pesticides, reducing overall usage. Promotion of Organic Farming: Several states in India have policies and schemes to promote organic farming, which eliminates the use of synthetic pesticides and fertilizers. For example, Sikkim has completely banned the use of synthetic pesticides. Food Safety on Wheels (FSWs): FSSAI has deployed mobile labs known as Food Safety on Wheels (FSWs) to enhance food safety awareness and testing capabilities. These mobile labs help in monitoring pesticide residues in food products. Source: PIB CONTRIBUTION OF INDIA'S SPACE SECTOR IN GDP Syllabus Mains: GS-3 Context: India’s space sector has directly contributed about $24 billion (₹20,000 crore) to India’s Gross Domestic Product over the last decade. Background: Contribution of India’s space sector has directly supported 96,000 jobs in the public and private sector. For every dollar produced by the space sector, there was a multiplier effect of $2.54 to the Indian economy and India’s space force was 2.5 times “more productive” than the country’s broader industrial workforce. India’s space sector: India’s space sector is a dynamic and rapidly growing field, primarily driven by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO). ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation) is the main agency responsible for India’s space missions. It has achieved significant milestones, including the Mars Orbiter Mission (Mangalyaan) and the Chandrayaan missions to the Moon. How India’s achievements in the space sector have contributed to the Indian economy? Economic Growth GDP Contribution: Over the past decade, the space sector has added approximately $60 billion to India’s GDP. This includes direct, indirect, and induced benefits from various space-related activities. Investment Multiplier: For every dollar invested in the space sector, an additional $2.54 has been contributed to the national economy. This multiplier effect showcases the sector’s efficiency in generating economic value. Job Creation Employment Opportunities: The space sector has generated around 4.7 million jobs, supporting both public and private sectors. This includes direct employment in space agencies and indirect jobs in related industries. Technological Advancements Innovation and Development: The development of advanced satellite technology and launch vehicles has spurred innovation across various industries, including telecommunications, weather forecasting, and navigation. Start-up Ecosystem: The space sector has seen a rapid growth of start-ups, contributing to technological advancements and economic diversification. International Collaboration and Commercialization Global Partnerships: Collaborations with international space agencies and commercial satellite launches have positioned India as a key player in the global space market. Revenue Generation: The revenues of India’s space sector have grown from $3.8 billion in 2014 to $6.3 billion in 2023, reflecting the sector’s expanding commercial activities. Socio-Economic Benefits Fisheries and Agriculture: Satellite-based services have provided critical support to sectors like fisheries and agriculture, enhancing productivity and sustainability. Disaster Management: Space technology has improved disaster management capabilities, helping mitigate the impact of natural disasters and saving lives. Way forward: Promoting science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education to build a skilled workforce for the space sector. Establishing training programs and partnerships with educational institutions to prepare the next generation of space scientists and engineers. Developing and implementing policies that support the growth of the space sector, including regulations for satellite launches, space exploration, and commercial activities. Establishing a robust legal framework to address issues related to space debris, satellite communication, and international cooperation. By focusing on these areas, India can continue to leverage its space sector to drive economic growth, technological innovation, and international collaboration, ensuring a bright future for the country’s space endeavors. Source: The Hindu BALKAN REGION Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Balkan migrant boat tragedy death toll rises to 12. Background: The boat, which was carrying between 25 and 30 migrants, capsized while crossing the Drina River from Serbia to Bosnia. About Balkan Region The Balkan region, also known as the Balkans, is located in southeastern Europe. It includes countries such as Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Greece, Kosovo, Montenegro, North Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, and Slovenia. The region is bordered by the Adriatic Sea to the northwest, the Ionian Sea to the southwest, the Aegean Sea to the south, and the Black Sea to the northeast. Why people are migrating to the Balkan region? Economic Opportunities: Many migrants are seeking better economic prospects. The Balkans offer opportunities for work, especially in sectors like agriculture, construction, and services. Safety and Stability: Some migrants are fleeing conflict, persecution, or instability in their home countries. The Balkans serve as a transit route for those aiming to reach Western Europe, where they hope to find safety and stability. Family Reunification: Migrants often move to the Balkans to reunite with family members who have already settled in the region or are on their way to other parts of Europe. Access to Services: Limited access to basic services such as healthcare, education, and housing in their home countries drives some migrants to seek better living conditions in the Balkans. Geographical Position: The Balkans are strategically located as a gateway to Europe. This makes the region a key transit point for migrants from the Middle East, Africa, and Asia. Source: The Hindu GUMTI RIVER Syllabus: Prelims : GEOGRAPHY Context: The Ministry of External Affairs (MEA) has clarified that the recent floods in Bangladesh were not caused by the opening of the Dumbur dam on the Gumti River in Tripura. Background: The MEA stated that the flooding was primarily due to heavy rainfall in the catchment areas of the Gumti River, which flows through both India and Bangladesh. This clarification came after concerns were raised in Bangladesh about the impact of the dam on the flooding situation. About Gumti river The Gumti River also known as Gomati is a significant river flowing through the northeastern Indian state of Tripura and the Comilla district in Bangladesh. Origin: The Gumti River originates from Dumur in the northeastern hilly region of Tripura, India. Course: It flows through the state of Tripura, passing through towns like Udaipur, before entering Bangladesh. In Bangladesh, it flows through the Comilla district and eventually joins the Meghna River. Dumbur Dam: The river is dammed near Dumbur, creating a 40 square kilometers (15 sq mi) lake. Tributaries: Major right bank tributaries include Kanchi Gang, Pitra Gang, and San Gang. Left bank tributaries include Ek Chhari, Maharani Chhara, and Ganga. Ecological Significance: The river supports the Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary, contributing to the region’s biodiversity. Flooding: The river is prone to flash floods, especially during the monsoon season. These floods can cause significant damage to the surrounding areas. Source: The Diplomat PM-WANI (PRIME MINISTER WI-FI ACCESS NETWORK INTERFACE) SCHEME Syllabus Prelims : CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) has proposed reducing broadband charges for Public Data Offices (PDOs) under the PM-WANI scheme. Background: This move aims to address the high costs that have been a barrier to the proliferation of public Wi-Fi hotspots. About PM-WANI (Prime Minister Wi-Fi Access Network Interface) scheme The PM-WANI (Prime Minister Wi-Fi Access Network Interface) scheme is an initiative by the Indian government to enhance internet connectivity across the country, especially in rural and underserved areas. The PM-WANI (Prime Minister Wi-Fi Access Network Interface) scheme is overseen by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), which is part of the Ministry of Communications. This initiative aims to set up public Wi-Fi networks through Public Data Offices (PDOs) to provide affordable and widespread internet access across India. Objective: The primary goal of the PM-WANI scheme is to provide affordable and accessible internet services to the public through a network of public Wi-Fi hotspots. Key Components: Public Data Office (PDO): These are local shops or small businesses that provide Wi-Fi services to users. They do not require a license or registration fee to operate. Public Data Office Aggregator (PDOA): These entities aggregate multiple PDOs and ensure the delivery of broadband services. They handle the authorization and accounting of PDOs. App Provider: Develops an app to register users and discover PM-WANI compliant Wi-Fi hotspots in the vicinity. Central Registry: Maintains details of App Providers, PDOAs, and PDOs. Managed by the Centre for Development of Telematics (C-DOT). How It Works? Setup: PDOs set up Wi-Fi access points in public places like shops, cafes, and libraries. Access: Users can connect to these Wi-Fi hotspots using an app provided by App Providers. Authentication: Users are authenticated through a one-time password (OTP) sent to their mobile phones. Usage: Once authenticated, users can access the internet through the Wi-Fi hotspot. Benefits: Increased Connectivity: Enhances internet penetration, especially in rural and remote areas. Economic Opportunities: Provides new business opportunities for small businesses acting as PDOs. Digital Inclusion: Bridges the digital divide by making internet access more affordable and widespread. Ease of Implementation: Simplifies the process for businesses to become PDOs without the need for complex licensing. Source: Hindu Businessline Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following Seas: Caspian Sea Aegean Sea Black Sea Ionian Sea How many of the above-mentioned seas are located in the Balkan Region? Only one Only two Only three All four Q2.) Gumti river, recently seen in news located in Assam Tripura Arunachal Pradesh Odisha Q3.) With reference to the PM-WANI, scheme, consider the following statements: The primary goal of the PM-WANI scheme is to provide affordable and accessible internet services to the public through a network of public Wi-Fi hotspots. The PM-WANI scheme is overseen by the Department of Telecommunications (DoT), which is part of the Ministry of Communications. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 26th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 24th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – d Q.3) – c

Aug 26, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 26th August 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Aug 24, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 24th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) CASH TRANSFER SCHEMES FOR WOMEN Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Mahrashtra government launched the Mukhyamantri Majhi Ladki Bahin Yojana recently. The scheme offer ₹1,500 per month to women with an annual family income of less than ₹2.5 lakh. Background:- Maharashtra is one of seven States where direct benefit transfer (DBT) schemes aimed at women have been launched. West Bengal, Delhi, Jharkhand, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh have all rolled out similar schemes while Telangana and Punjab are yet to fulfill their pre-poll promise of monthly cash transfers to women. Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) schemes for women Maharashtra: Mukhyamantri Majhi Ladki Bahin Yojana (Launched on August 17, 2024) Targets 1 crore eligible women (ages 21-65) with an annual family income below ₹2.5 lakh. Monthly cash transfer of ₹1,500, starting from July 2024; Expected annual cost: ₹46,000 crore; Delhi: Mukhyamantri Mahila Samman Yojana (Announced on March 5, 2024) Targets 50 lakh women (ages 18+) with ₹1,000 monthly cash transfer. Outlay: ₹2,000 crore; Implementation delayed due to CM Kejriwal’s arrest. Madhya Pradesh: Mukhyamantri Ladli Behna Yojana (Launched before March 2023 elections) Targets married women (ages 21-60) with an annual family income below ₹2.5 lakh. Monthly cash transfer started at ₹1,000, increased to ₹1,250, with plans to reach ₹3,000; 1.29 crore women enrolled; Budget: ₹18,984 crore for 2024-25. West Bengal: Lakshmir Bhandar Scheme (Launched in 2021) Targets women (ages 25-60): Monthly cash transfer: ₹1,200 for SC/ST, ₹1,000 for others. 2023-24 expenditure: ₹10,101.87 crore; 2024-25 budget: ₹12,000 crore. 55% of beneficiaries report increased financial decision-making power. Jharkhand: Mukhyamantri Maiya Samman Yojana (August 18, 2024) Targets women (ages 21-50) with an annual family income below ₹3 lakh. Monthly cash transfer of ₹1,000 via DBT; 48 lakh women targeted; budget not disclosed. Karnataka: Gruha Lakshmi Scheme (Launched after Congress election victory in 2023) Targets women heads of families (BPL, APL, AAY cardholders); Monthly cash transfer: ₹2,000. 33 crore enrolled; 2023-24 expenditure: ₹11,726 crore; 2024-25 budget: ₹28,608 crore. Tamil Nadu: Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thittam (Launched on September 15, 2023) Targets women heads of families (annual income below ₹2.5 lakh). Monthly cash transfer: ₹1,200; 1.06 crore eligible women; budget: ₹12,000 crore annually. Effectiveness of Cash Transfer Schemes As per a study by Observer Research Foundation (ORF), the DBT facility, which was first launched in 2013 for women bank account holders, has seen ₹16.8 lakh crores transfered from inception till 2022. Of this, 33% was transferred during during COVID-19 lockdown. DBT has benefited women’s decision-making within households and helped boost their education and job opportunities. The PM Jan Dhan Yojana (PMJDY), which is the Centre’s financial inclusion scheme to open a savings bank account, has allowed the Centre to easily identify female beneficiaries for DBT. This has helped the Centre to transfer ₹500 for three months to women during the COVID-19 national lockdown. Despite such DBT schemes, more than 32% of women-owned bank accounts in India are inactive, according to the Findex survey 2021.A large number merely use the account for withdrawal, availing government benefits and emergencies. Digital literacy is also an issue which hampers women – 60% of those between ages 15 and 49 own a mobile phone but only 30% can read texts or use the internet, as per the latest National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5). These schemes have boosted women’s decision-making in financial matters, but issues such as low digital and financial literacy, restrictive social norms, and insufficient assets for collateral are hindering India’s attempts to close the gender gap. Source: Hindu PRIME MINISTER NARENDRA MODI’S VISIT TO UKRAINE Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi is holding talks with Ukraine’s President Volodymyr Zelenskyy in Kyiv. Background: Modi will be the first Indian prime minister to visit Ukraine after diplomatic relations were established in 1992. On July 6, Modi met Russia’s President Vladimir Putin in Moscow — a visit that both Zelenskyy and the United States had criticised. Shift in India’s Policy Toward Ukraine Prime Minister Modi’s visit signals a significant change in India’s traditional foreign policy regarding Ukraine. Historically, India maintained close ties with the Soviet Union during the Cold War, but this affinity didn’t extend to Ukraine post-independence in 1991. India’s relationship with Ukraine has been lukewarm, similar to its approach to Poland after the Cold War. Poland’s case During the Cold War, three Indian Prime Ministers visited Poland when it was a Warsaw Pact member. After the Warsaw Pact’s dissolution and Poland’s shift towards the West, India’s engagement with the country diminished. Both Poland and Ukraine are important countries in Europe, but India’s bias towards Russia, in retrospect, likely prevented New Delhi from full engagement with central and eastern Europe. Modi’s visits to Poland and then to Kyiv mark a significant departure from past policies and indicate a broader engagement with Central and Eastern Europe. Impact of the Russia-Ukraine War The Russia-Ukraine war, which began in February 2022, strained India-Ukraine relations, with bilateral trade dropping from $3.39 billion in 2021-22 to around $0.7 billion in subsequent years. Despite maintaining a balanced stance on the conflict, India has used this period to re-engage with Ukraine at the highest levels. Strengthening Bilateral Relations Over the past year, Modi has met with Ukrainian President Zelenskyy at various forums, including the G-7 summit. Indian leaders, including External Affairs Minister S. Jaishankar and National Security Advisor Ajit Doval, have maintained regular contact with their Ukrainian counterparts. Modi’s visit is a part of a broader effort to strengthen ties with Ukraine, with potential opportunities in post-war reconstruction, defence cooperation, and agriculture. Impact on India-Russia Relations Modi’s visit is unlikely to negatively impact India-Russia relations, as India’s engagement with Ukraine is independent of its ties with Russia. India remains a key partner for Russia, helping it navigate Western sanctions and continuing defence cooperation. Just as Russia’s relationship with China does not undermine its ties with India, India’s engagement with Ukraine will not alter its relationship with Russia. Evolving Foreign Policy If India aims to play a peacemaking role, it must engage with all parties involved. Modi’s visit underscores India’s evolving foreign policy, which now focuses on building close ties with multiple countries, moving beyond its traditional Non-Alignment stance. The visit is part of India’s broader push to enhance its influence in Europe, reflecting a shift in foreign policy priorities under Modi’s leadership. Source: Indian Express KAMCHATKA PENINSULA Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, Russia’s Shiveluch volcano, one of the most active in the country, erupted, sending massive plumes of ash into the sky over the Kamchatka Peninsula in the far east. Background: The Shiveluch volcano began sputtering shortly after a powerful 7.0 magnitude earthquake struck off Kamchatka’s east coast. Kamchatka Peninsula The Kamchatka Peninsula is located in the Russian Far East. Geography Location: The peninsula is situated between the Sea of Okhotsk to the west and the Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea to the east. Size: It stretches about 1,250 kilometers in length and covers an area of approximately 270,000 square kilometers. Topography: The peninsula is characterized by two major mountain ranges, the Sredinny (Central) Range and the Vostochny (Eastern) Range, with the Kamchatka River running through the central valley. Natural Features Volcanoes: Kamchatka is home to 127 volcanoes, 22 of which are still active. The most notable is Klyuchevskaya Sopka, which is the highest at 4,750 meters. Geysers and Hot Springs: The peninsula features numerous geysers and hot springs, particularly in the Valley of Geysers, which is part of the Kronotsky Nature Reserve. The climate is severe, with long, cold, and snowy winters and cool, wet summers. The region supports tundra vegetation, with mosses, lichens, and thickets of Kamchatka alder. Additional Information Population: The population is around 289,033 as of 2023, with the majority being ethnic Russians. The main urban center is Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky. UNESCO World Heritage Site: The volcanoes of Kamchatka are recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site due to their outstanding natural beauty and geological significance. Source: Al- Jazeera PREDATORY PRICING Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: Recently, commerce and industry minister Piyush Goyal accused large e-commerce players, such as Amazon, of indulging in predatory pricing. Background: The role of e-commerce in the Indian economy needs to be carefully evaluated and made citizen-centric to ensure there is no social disruption that may affect about 100 million small retailers across the country, the Minister said. About Predatory pricing : Predatory pricing is a strategy where a company sets its prices extremely low with the intention of driving competitors out of the market. Once the competition is eliminated, the company can then raise prices to recoup its losses and potentially establish a monopoly. Mechanism Initial Phase: The company lowers its prices significantly, often below the cost of production. This makes it difficult for competitors to sustain their businesses. Elimination of Competitors: Competitors, unable to match the low prices, may be forced to exit the market. Monopoly and Price Increase: Once the competition is reduced or eliminated, the company can raise prices to recoup losses and maximize profits. Legal and Economic Implications Illegality: Predatory pricing is illegal in many jurisdictions because it can lead to monopolistic practices and harm consumer welfare in the long run. Challenges in Prosecution: It can be difficult to prove predatory pricing in court, as companies may argue that their low prices are part of normal competitive behavior. Economic Impact: While consumers may benefit from lower prices in the short term, they suffer in the long term due to reduced competition and higher prices. Source: Hindu Businessline ATOMIC POWER STATIONS Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: India’s second home-built 700 MW nuclear power reactor at Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS) in Gujarat began operating at full capacity. Background: India is constructing 14 more 700 MW nuclear power reactors of the same design, expected to begin operations progressively by 2031-32. Key takeaways An atomic power station, also known as a nuclear power plant, is a facility that generates electricity using nuclear energy. India has 23 nuclear reactors in operation in 8 nuclear power plants, with a total installed capacity of 7,380 MW. These reactors are located in different states and use both Pressurised Heavy Water Reactors (PHWRs) and Light Water Reactors (LWRs). Some of the nuclear power stations in India include: Tarapur Atomic Power Station (TAPS), Maharashtra Rajasthan Atomic Power Station (RAPS), Rajasthan Kudankulam Nuclear Power Plant (KKNPP), Tamil Nadu Kaiga Generating Station (KGS), Karnataka Narora Atomic Power Station (NAPS), Uttar Pradesh Kakrapar Atomic Power Station (KAPS), Gujarat Madras Atomic Power Station (MAPS), Tamil Nadu Kalpakkam (Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research), Tamil Nadu Key Components of atomic power station: Nuclear Reactor: The core component where nuclear fission occurs. In fission, the nuclei of atoms (usually uranium or plutonium) split, releasing a significant amount of heat. Heat Exchanger/Steam Generator: The heat produced in the reactor is used to convert water into steam. Turbine: The steam drives a turbine, which is connected to a generator. Generator: Converts the mechanical energy from the turbine into electrical energy. Cooling System: Cools down the steam back into water to be reused in the system. Advantages: Low Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Compared to fossil fuels, nuclear power plants emit very low amounts of greenhouse gases. High Energy Density: A small amount of nuclear fuel can produce a large amount of energy. India’s nuclear energy goals Short to Mid-Term Goals (by 2031-32) Triple the current nuclear power capacity from 7,480 MW to 22,480 MW. New Reactors: Commission 20 new nuclear power plants, adding nearly 15,000 MW to the power grid. Ongoing Projects: Complete the construction and commissioning of 10 reactors totalling 8,000 MW in states like Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, Haryana, Karnataka, and Madhya Pradesh. Long-Term Goals (by 2047): 100 GW Target: Achieve a nuclear power capacity of 100 GW. Private Sector Involvement: Encourage private sector participation to meet investment requirements for this expansion Source: Hindu REGIONAL RURAL BANKS (RRBS) Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman recently chaired a review meeting of the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) in New Delhi. Background: The meeting, with all 43 present RRBs, focused on business performance, upgrading digital technology services, and fostering business growth in MSME clusters. About Regional Rural Banks (RRBs) RRBs were established on October 2, 1975, following the recommendations of the Narasimham Committee on Rural Credit. Regulation: RRBs are regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) and are governed by the Regional Rural Banks Act, 1976. Ownership: The ownership structure of RRBs is shared among the Government of India (50%), the concerned State Government (15%), and the sponsoring bank (35%). Features of RRBs: Regional Focus: RRBs operate within specified regions, typically covering one or more districts in a state. Target Audience: They primarily serve rural and semi-urban areas, focusing on the agricultural sector and rural development. Products and Services: RRBs offer a range of banking services including savings and current accounts, fixed deposits, loans, and digital banking services like mobile banking and internet banking. Functions of RRBs: Credit Provision: Providing credit to small and marginal farmers, agricultural labourers, and rural artisans to support agricultural and rural development. Government Schemes: Implementing various government schemes such as the disbursement of wages under MGNREGA and distribution of pensions. Financial Inclusion: Promoting financial inclusion by extending banking services to underserved rural areas. Support to MSMEs: Offering credit and financial services to micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in rural areas. Source: PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Kamchatka peninsula, recently seen in news, is located in Russian far east North western Africa South western Chile None of the above Q2.) With reference to the Regional Rural Banks (RRBs), consider the following statements: Regional Rural Banks are government-owned scheduled commercial banks in India. They are established as per the recommendations of the Narasimham Committee on Rural Credit. They primarily serve rural and semi-urban areas, focusing on the agricultural sector and rural development. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q3.) Which among the following atomic power stations in India, located in Gujarat? Tarapur Atomic Power Station Narora Atomic Power Station Kakrapar Atomic Power Station Kaiga Atomic Power Station Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 24th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 23rd August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

Aug 24, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 24th August 2024

Aug 24, 2024 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP 2024 (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – Essay Questions [24th August, 2024] – Day 62

Hello Students TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers and is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standards before you write the Mains. You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (9 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal. This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (The RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2025 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here – CLICK HERE To Know More About TLP 2024 (Phase 2) – CLICK HERE To Access Day 62 Questions – CLICK HERE P.S: We would encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best

Aug 23, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 23rd August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) CHANDRAYAAN-3 MISSION Syllabus Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Context: Today, India is celebrating its first National Space Day. This day commemorates the groundbreaking success of the Chandrayaan-3 mission, which achieved the safe landing of the Vikram Lander on the lunar surface on August 23, 2023. Background:- With Chandrayaan-3 mission achievement, India became the fourth country to successfully land on the moon, making history as the first to land near the southern polar region. Chandrayaan-3 Mission Mission Type: India’s third lunar mission and second attempt at a soft lunar landing. Launch Vehicle: Launch Vehicle Mark-III (LVM3). Primary Objectives: Demonstrate a safe and soft landing on the lunar surface. Demonstrate a rover roving on the Moon. Conduct in-situ scientific experiments. Chandrayaan-3 Components: Lander Module (LM) Rover Propulsion Module (PM) Lander Payloads and Objectives Chandra’s Surface Thermophysical Experiment (ChaSTE): Measures the thermal properties of the lunar surface near the polar region. Instrument for Lunar Seismic Activity (ILSA): Measures seismic activity around the landing site and analyzes the lunar crust and mantle structure. Radio Anatomy of Moon Bound Hypersensitive Ionosphere and Atmosphere (RAMBHA): Estimates plasma density and its variations. Laser Retroreflector Array (LRA): A passive experiment to understand the dynamics of the Moon’s system. Rover Payloads and Objectives Alpha Particle X-ray Spectrometer (APXS): Determines the elemental composition of lunar soil and rocks. Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscope (LIBS): Analyzes elemental composition in the vicinity of the landing site. Propulsion Module Payload Propulsion Module Payload: Spectro-polarimetry of Habitable Planet Earth (SHAPE) for studying Earth’s spectral and polarimetric measurements from lunar orbit. SHAPE will aid in the study of exoplanets to assess their potential habitability. Significance of Chandrayaan-3 International Standing: Positions India as a serious player in planetary exploration and space technology. Cost Efficiency: Demonstrates ISRO’s ability to achieve space missions cost-effectively (Mission cost: Rs 615 crore). Strategic Importance: Enhances India’s role in international space policy and resource extraction discussions. Technological Leadership: Establishes India among the few nations with the capability for planetary exploration, contributing to space-related decision-making. Source: Indian Express CONFLICTS IN WEST ASIA: ISRAEL-IRAN Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: Israeli security forces suspect Iran and Hezbollah’s role in the suicide bombing in Tel Aviv on Sunday. Background: Israel believe that the terror attack could be Iran and its proxy’s bid to avenge the assassination of Ismail Haniyeh (leader of Hamas) in Tehran last month. Iran’s opposition to Israel is rooted in religious, ideological, and geopolitical factors, including its support for Palestine and its anti-American stance. Israel-Iran Conflict Overview The formation of Israel in 1948 was a watershed moment in the history of the Middle East. It triggered an Arab-Israeli war and the long Israeli-Arab and Israeli-Palestinian conflicts. Iran, although opposed to the formation of Israel and voted against the Partition Plan (1947) and Israel’s admission into the United Nations (1949), was the second Muslim-majority country after Türkiye to recognize Israel in 1950. The friendly relations between the two states were not always reflected among the wider population in Iran who were sympathetic to the plight of the Palestinians and their struggle for a state. The 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran Israel and Iran have been in conflict since the 1979 Islamic Revolution in Iran, which led to a break in diplomatic relations. Post-revolution, Iran labeled Israel as the “Little Satan” and ceased all diplomatic and economic ties. Religious and Ideological Differences: Iran opposes Israel’s control over Jerusalem, which is considered holy in Islam. The ideological basis of Iranian opposition to Israel emanates from anti-imperialist and anti-Americanism rooted in the 1979 revolution. Besides Islam, these form the most important component of the revolutionary zeal of Khomeini (Irans supreme leader), who considered Israel as an American and imperial outpost in the Middle East. Geopolitical Tensions: Since the revolution, Iran has called for the expulsion of all external forces from the region and to form a regional security architecture through collaboration among the regional states. Iran, therefore, is considered a revisionist power that wants to replace the US-led regional order with an Iran-led order. Iran’s regional activities of creating, arming and supporting non-state actors, especially in the vicinity of Israel and its pursuit of nuclear energy, are viewed as a part of the Iranian plan to encircle Israel militarily and a preparation for a future war against Israel. Recent Escalations: Before the current state of affairs, Iran and Israel had been engaged in a proxy war but had avoided attacking each other directly. The Israel-Hamas war has, however, started a new phase in the Israel-Iran war, with the two gradually moving to a direct confrontation. The Israeli attack on the Iranian diplomatic complex in Syria and killing of IRGC commanders and officers, its constant targeting of Hezbollah commanders in Lebanon and the killing of Haniyeh in Tehran are part of the pattern. Iran, too, is no longer satisfied with showing restraint and issuing verbal threats, as was visible during the 13 April rocket, missile and drone attacks. For Iran, the killing of Haniyeh was a serious provocation as it was a direct challenge to Iranian sovereignty and also to its military capacity and deterrence. Tehran nonetheless faces the dilemma because any reckless action can lead to an all-out war and might force the US to join Israel, which Iran would like to avoid at this point. Implications for India India, with significant investments in the Middle East, is concerned about potential disruptions in hydrocarbon supplies and the impact on its diplomatic relations in the region. A peaceful Middle East is crucial for India’s strategic interests, but ongoing conflicts pose challenges to its diplomatic balancing act. Source: Indian Express ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA Syllabus Prelims & Mains – POLITY Context: The Election Commission of India (ECI) on Wednesday halted the announcement of results for the ongoing recruitments in Haryana till assembly poll process is over. Background: Election Commission of India (ECI) plays a crucial role in ensuring transparent, free and fair elections. Election Commission of India (ECI) Overview Purpose: A permanent, independent, and constitutional authority responsible for conducting free and fair elections in India. Jurisdiction: Supervises elections to Parliament, state legislatures, and the offices of President and Vice President of India.ECI does not oversee local body elections (e.g., municipalities, panchayats). Constitutional Provisions (Articles 324–329): Article 324: Superintendence, direction, and control of elections. Article 325: Prohibits exclusion from electoral rolls based on religion, race, caste, or sex. Article 326: Establishes adult suffrage as the basis for elections. Article 327: Empowers Parliament to legislate on election-related matters. Article 328: Allows state legislatures to make laws related to state elections. Article 329: Prohibits courts from interfering in electoral matters. Functions: Advisory: The Constitution grants the ECI advisory authority over the post-election disqualification of sitting members of Parliament and State Legislatures. The commission is also consulted in matters involving individuals found guilty of engaging in corrupt activities during elections that are brought before the Supreme Court and High Courts to determine whether or not they should be disqualified from contesting elections and, if so, for what period. Quasi-Judicial: A candidate who fails to submit an account of his election costs within the mandated time and format may be disqualified by the ECI. Along with other legal disqualifications, the commission also has the authority to eliminate or shorten the duration of such disqualifications. It also resolves conflicts pertaining to the recognition of political parties and the assignment of electoral symbols to them. The EC establishes a model code of conduct and ensures that all candidates and political parties follow it throughout the election season. Administrative: It is responsible for the delimitation of electoral constituencies. It is also responsible for the registration of all eligible voters and for producing and updating electoral rolls on a regular basis. It sends out election schedules and dates and reviews nomination documents. It recognises political parties and assigns them election emblems. EC confer upon them the status of national or state parties based on their polling performance. The ECI also invalidates voting in cases of violence, booth capture, tampering, or other anomalies. It controls, without bias, the amount of money each political party spends on a candidate’s campaign. Composition: As of now, it consists of a Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and two Election Commissioners. All commissioners are appointed by the President. Decisions are made by majority vote in case of differences in opinion. Tenure is up to six years or until age 65. The Chief Election Commissioner can only be removed by the same process used for removing a Supreme Court judge. Source: Indian Express WATERSPOUT Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: At least one man died and six people are missing after a luxury yacht was hit by a violent storm off the coast of Sicily, Italy recently. Experts suggest the storm could have been a waterspout. Background: A waterspout is a large column of air and mist rotating over a water body. It usually appearing as a funnel-shaped cloud in contact with the water. Key takeaways : A waterspout is a column of rotating, cloud-filled wind that descends from a cumulus cloud to a body of water, such as an ocean or lake. Despite its name, a waterspout is not filled with water from the ocean or lake; instead, the water inside a waterspout is formed by condensation in the cloud. Formation Waterspouts form when winds blowing in different directions collide, creating a rotating column of air near the surface. This air rises, carrying water vapour high into the sky, where it forms rain showers, storms, and cumulus clouds. The process involves five stages: Dark Spot: The water surface darkens where the vortex reaches it. Spiral Pattern: Light and dark bands spiral out from the dark spot. Spray Ring: A swirling ring of sea spray forms around the dark spot. Mature Vortex: The waterspout reaches its most intense stage, visible from the water surface to the clouds. Decay: The waterspout collapses as the flow of warm air weakens. There are two main types of waterspouts: Tornadic Waterspouts: These start as true tornadoes influenced by severe thunderstorms and are the most powerful and destructive type. Fair-Weather Waterspouts: More common and less dangerous, these form in developing storm systems but not in storms themselves. Regions where Waterspouts are frequently occurred: Waterspouts are most commonly found in tropical and subtropical regions. Here are some of the key areas where they frequently occur: Florida Keys and Gulf of Mexico: This region sees the highest number of waterspouts, with many forming during the late spring and summer months. Mediterranean Sea: Waterspouts are common off the coasts of Greece, Italy, and other Mediterranean countries. Great Lakes: Although less frequent, waterspouts can also form over the Great Lakes, especially during the late summer and early fall. Western Coast of Europe: This includes areas like the British Isles and the Baltic Sea. East Coast of Australia: Waterspouts are also observed off the eastern coast of Australia. These regions provide the warm, moist conditions that are conducive to waterspout formation. Source: BBC AGRICULTURAL AND PROCESSED FOOD PRODUCTS EXPORT DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY (APEDA) Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) recently facilitated the first export of India’s ready-to-drink fig juice, made from GI-tagged Purandar Figs, to Poland. Background: This milestone marks a significant achievement in promoting India’s unique agro-products on the global stage. About APEDA The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) is an organization under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. Established in 1985, APEDA is responsible for promoting the export of agricultural and processed food products from India. Functions of APEDA Market Development: Identifying and developing new markets for Indian agricultural and processed food products. Quality Control: Ensuring products meet international standards and providing certification and quality assurance. Infrastructure Development: Supporting the development of infrastructure for export, including cold storage, packaging, and transportation facilities. Training and Capacity Building: Offering training programs for farmers, exporters, and other stakeholders to enhance their skills and knowledge. Financial Assistance: Providing financial assistance to exporters for market development, quality improvement, and infrastructure development. Promotion of GI Products: Promoting the export of Geographical Indication (GI) tagged products, which are unique to specific regions in India. Purandar Figs: Purandar Figs are a unique variety of figs grown in the Purandar taluka of Pune district in Maharashtra, India. These figs have been granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag, which means they are recognized for their unique qualities and origin. Purandar Figs are known for their sweet taste and soft texture. Benefits of GI Tagging Quality Assurance: The GI tag ensures that the figs are of high quality and are produced in a specific region using traditional methods. Market Recognition: It helps in gaining recognition in both domestic and international markets. Economic Benefits: Farmers and producers can command a premium price for GI-tagged products, leading to better income. Source: PIB INDIA AUSTRALIA RAPID INNOVATION AND START-UP EXPANSION (RISE) ACCELERATOR Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and Australia’s CSIRO have launched a call for applications for the Climate Smart Agritech cohort of the India Australia Rapid Innovation and Start-up Expansion (RISE) Accelerator. Background: The India Australia RISE Accelerator offers tailored support and opportunities for agritech startups and SMEs ready to scale their innovations across borders. About India Australia Rapid Innovation and Start-up Expansion (RISE) Accelerator The India Australia Rapid Innovation and Start-up Expansion (RISE) Accelerator is a bilateral program launched by the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). It was designed to support start-ups and small- to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in both India and Australia. RISE Accelerator targets to enable start-ups with mature tech-based innovations to fast-track their cross-border social, economic and environmental impact through cross-border innovation ecosystem. The RISE Accelerator aims to: Foster Innovation: Encourage the development of cutting-edge technologies. Facilitate Cross-Border Collaboration: Enable start-ups to expand their impact across India and Australia. Address Shared Challenges: Focus on solutions for environmental and climate issues. The program provides: Market Insights: Valuable information on market trends and regulatory landscapes. Partnerships: Connections with potential partners, investors, and customers. Mentorship: One-on-one guidance from industry experts. Validation and Adaptation: Support for adapting and validating technologies in new markets. Benefits Participants in the RISE Accelerator can expect: Accelerated Growth: Fast-tracked connections to the right partners and customers. Credibility: Enhanced reputation and visibility in international markets. Funding Opportunities: Access to joint-innovation funds, grants, and investors. Comprehensive Support: Tailored assistance to navigate early steps in a new region and scale technology overseas Source: PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the India Australia Rapid Innovation and Start-up Expansion (RISE) Accelerator, consider the following statements: RISE Accelerator is a bilateral program launched by the Atal Innovation Mission (AIM) and Australia’s Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO). RISE Accelerator targets to enable start-ups with mature tech-based innovations to fast-track their cross-border social, economic and environmental impact through cross-border innovation ecosystem. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) Consider the following statements: The Agricultural and Processed Food Products Export Development Authority (APEDA) is an organization under the Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India. APEDA is responsible for promoting the export of agricultural and processed food products from India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) With reference to the Waterspouts, consider the following statements: A waterspout is a large column of air and mist rotating over a water body. Waterspouts form when winds blowing in different directions collide, creating a rotating column of air near the surface. Waterspouts are most commonly found in equatorial region. Which of the statements given above is/are not correct? 1 only 2 and 3 only 3 only 1,2 and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 23rd August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 22nd August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – d Q.3) – d

Aug 23, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 22nd August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) VACCINE-DERIVED POLIO Syllabus Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Context: A two-year-old child in Meghalaya has been infected with vaccine-derived polio. Background:- Polioviruses are enteroviruses that are transmitted primarily by the faecal-oral route. Vaccine-Derived Polio (VDPV): Vaccine-derived polio is a rare condition that occurs when the weakened (also called attenuated) strain of poliovirus used in the oral polio vaccine (OPV) mutates and regains the ability to cause paralysis. Mechanism: OPV contains a live, attenuated virus that is used for immunisation against the disease. This weakened virus triggers an immune response when administered, thus protecting people from the disease. The attenuated virus replicates in the intestines for a limited period and is excreted in the stool. In rare cases, the virus can mutate enough to cause the disease again, and circulate in areas where either immunisation is low, or where immunocompromised persons reside, or regions with poor sanitation and hygiene. Poliovirus Types: Three types – wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1), wild poliovirus type 2 (WPV2) and wild poliovirus type 3 (WPV3). About polio vaccines The first successful polio vaccine for poliovirus was made by Jonas Salk, in the early 1950s. Salk inactivated the virus using formaldehyde and injected it into the muscles of test subjects. This inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) induced systemic immunity in the subjects. After Salk, Albert Sabin developed another vaccine that contained live polio strains, weakened by growing them serially in macaque cells, making them unfit for human infection. Since this vaccine contained the live virus, it had to be administered through its natural mode of infection – in this case, oral. This is what we today know as the OPV. OPV is usually preferred over IPV because of its ease of administration & is inexpensive. However, the weakened virus in OPV can occasionally revert, causing the disease it is meant to prevent. IPV, on the other hand, is a less potent vaccine, but contains inactivated virus particles and hence no risk of causing vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) – a rare, adverse reaction to OPV. IPV is comparatively tougher to manufacture too. Vaccine-associated paralytic polio (VAPP) or vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) are similar but different phenomena. On World Polio Day, October 24, 2019, the WHO declared that WPV3 has been eradicated worldwide. WPV2 was officially declared eradicated in 2015. However, more than 90% of vaccine-derived poliovirus outbreaks are due to the type 2 virus present in oral polio vaccines. VAPP constitutes 40% of cases caused by the type 2 oral polio vaccine. Many cases of VAPP from type 3 virus too occur in countries using OPV. The Indian government does not count VAPP as polio since these cases are sporadic and pose little or no threat to others. Even after the global switch from trivalent (containing all three variants) to bivalent (type 1 and type 3) oral polio vaccines in 2016 to prevent any more type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus, the number of vaccine-derived type 2 poliovirus outbreaks have only increased sharply. Source: Hindu INDIA AND JAPAN Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: India and Japan recently stated that they reaffirmed their commitment to maintaining and strengthening rules-based international order founded on the principles of the UN Charter, respect for national sovereignty and territorial integrity, and peaceful settlement of disputes. Background: This was stated in a joint statement released by both countries following the third Japan-India 2+2 Foreign and Defence Ministerial Meeting in New Delhi. Takeaways from the third Japan-India 2+2 Foreign and Defence Ministerial Meeting The India-Japan partnership is set against a larger context of a free, open and rules-based Indo-Pacific amid China’s increasing military muscle-flexing in the region. Both countries agreed to explore discussions for coordination and cooperation in the field of defence and security assistance to third countries for peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. The ministers welcomed the Japan Maritime Self Defense Force and Indian Naval Force exploring future cooperation in the area of ship maintenance in India. They reiterated support for ASEAN’s unity and centrality and their full support for the ‘ASEAN Outlook on the Indo-Pacific (AOIP)’ which upholds the principles such as openness, transparency, inclusivity, a rules-based framework and respect for international law. They agreed to continue working together on Security Council reform with a view to strengthening the UN. Ministers took note of the first air visit by Japanese fighters and their participation at Tarang Shakti—which is the first multilateral exercise hosted by the Indian Air Force. They also welcomed the conduct of the inaugural edition of the bilateral fighter exercise ‘Veer Guardian 2023’ between the Japan Air Self Defence Force (JASDF) and Indian Air Force (IAF) and conduct of the bilateral exercises of all the three services in one calendar year for the first time in 2023. Countries agreed to deepen bilateral cooperation in fields of space and cyber and reaffirmed the importance of multilateral defence cooperation and exchanges in the Indo-Pacific region, while expressing their commitment to continuing bilateral and multilateral exercises including Dharma Guardian, JIMEX and Malabar. The “2+2” dialogue with Japan was initiated to further deepen bilateral security and defence cooperation and bring greater depth to the special strategic and global partnership between the two countries. India has the “2+2” Ministerial format of dialogue with very few countries, including the United States, Australia, and Russia. Source: Indian Express WHEN THE LAW FAILS WOMEN Syllabus Mains – GS 2 AND GS 4 Context: Ever since the infamous gang rape that rocked the country in December 2012 (Nirbhaya), much has been done to strengthen the laws on rape. But brutal incidents of rape continuing unabated should prompt us to ask several questions regarding existing laws. Background: It is no surprise that the first accused apprehended in the Kolkata rape and murder case had a history of violent assault of his wife. Yet, there was no appropriate legal response at the time despite two complaints. Where lies the malaise & Why is the law failing to act as a sufficient deterrent? One answer is that laws on rape cannot be examined in isolation and be expected to regulate men’s mentality. Men’s brutalising of women continues to be rampant because of the laxity in laws surrounding other equally heinous crimes, which warrant immediate and equal attention as rape. Dowry Deaths in India: In 2022, India recorded 6,516 annual dowry deaths, with one victim every 90 minutes. Dowry deaths are the unnatural deaths of married women due to cruelty by their husbands or in-laws. The conviction rate in dowry death cases is low due to the common practice of the accused paying “blood money” to the victim’s family. Domestic Violence: Domestic violence is one of the most underreported crimes against women across all socio-economic backgrounds. The law prescribes up to three years of imprisonment for domestic violence, making it difficult for police to arrest the accused. Victims often see their abusers released on bail quickly due to the “bail, not jail” rule for offenses with punishments under seven years. Other Crimes Against Women: Crimes like stalking or harassment are also treated leniently, allowing perpetrators to continue their behavior. Women often hear dismissive remarks from their aggressors, who feel emboldened by the lax legal system. There are cases where previous violent behavior, such as in the Kolkata case, did not receive appropriate legal action, leading to more severe crimes later. Need for Legal Reform: A serious legal response to women’s safety requires a review of all crimes against them in order to truly inculcate society’s intolerance to any form of abuse. Graded penal provisions should be introduced based on the severity of the crime. Forcibly disrobing a woman or stubbornly stalking her with the intention of committing sexual assault cannot be dealt at par with milder versions of harassment. Bail and Judicial Reform: The current liberal bail system is problematic without broader judicial reforms. In 2022, of 3,449 dowry death cases disposed of by courts, 64% were disposed of without a trial, and only 35% of tried cases led to convictions. There is an urgent need to develop a criminal justice system that can fast-track cases of crimes against women. Where protracted trials remain a stubborn challenge, a long enough incarceration, depending on the severity of the particular crime, is the only available tool to instil a fear of the law. Courts should strictly prohibit extrajudicial compromises that are forced on victims due to the lengthy legal process or social pressures. Until significant reforms are made, abusers will continue to feel empowered and unafraid of the law, perpetuating violence against women. Source: Indian Express POLAND Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi touched down in Poland on Wednesday, commencing his two-nation tour during which he will also travel to the Ukrainian capital Kyiv. Background: Modi’s trip to Poland marks a significant milestone, as it is the first visit by an Indian Prime Minister to the nation in nearly half a century. Key takeaways : Poland, officially known as the Republic of Poland, is a country located in Central Europe. It is bordered by Germany to the west, the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south, Ukraine and Belarus to the east, and Lithuania and Russia to the northeast. The Baltic Sea lies to the north. It is the fifth most populous member state of the European Union with over 38 million people. Poland is a founding member state of the United Nations and a member of the World Trade Organization, OECD & NATO. Key Facts about Poland: Capital and Largest City: Warsaw Official Language: Polish Currency: Polish złoty (PLN) ; Government: Unitary parliamentary republic Poland features a diverse landscape that includes the Baltic Sea coastline, the Sudetes and Carpathian Mountains, and numerous lakes and rivers. The country has a temperate transitional climate. Poland has a rich history dating back over a thousand years. It was once one of the largest and most powerful states in Europe during the 16th century. However, it experienced partitions in the late 18th century, which led to its disappearance from the map until it regained independence in 1918. Poland has a mixed economy with a high-income status. It is one of the fastest-growing economies in the European Union, with key industries including manufacturing, mining, and agriculture. Source: Times of India AAROGYA MAITRI HEALTH CUBE Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Indian Air Force (IAF) and Indian Army have successfully conducted their first precise para-drop operation of the Aarogya Maitri Health Cube at a high-altitude area near 15,000 feet. Background: The operation aligns with Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s vision of delivering critical supplies to areas affected by humanitarian aid and disaster relief (HADR). About Aarogya Maitri Health Cube The Arogya Maitri Disaster Management Cube is a state-of-the-art mobile hospital developed by the Indian Air Force (IAF). It is developed under the broader BHISHM initiative (Bharat Health Initiative for Sahyog, Hita, and Maitri). This innovative solution is designed to provide rapid medical assistance in disaster-stricken areas. Key Benefits: Rapid Response: The cube can be deployed quickly, providing immediate medical assistance during the critical “golden hour” following mass casualty incidents. Advanced Medical Care: Equipped with state-of-the-art medical equipment, including operation theatres, X-ray machines, blood test equipment, and ventilators, ensuring comprehensive medical care. High Capacity: Capable of treating up to 200 casualties simultaneously, making it suitable for large-scale emergencies. Flexibility and Mobility: The 72 lightweight, transportable components can be easily moved by hand, cycle, or drone, allowing for deployment in remote or hard-to-reach areas. AI and Data Analytics Integration: Enhances coordination and real-time monitoring, improving the efficiency and effectiveness of medical response. Efficient Inventory Management: The BHISHM software ensures efficient inventory management, maintaining readiness for repeated use. Robust and Waterproof Design: Ideal for various emergency situations, including those in challenging environments. Enhanced Coordination: Facilitates better coordination among disaster response teams, ensuring timely and organized medical assistance. Source: Hindu PARVOVIRUS B19 Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The US centres for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recently issued a health advisory due to concerning rise in cases of parvovirus B19. Background: The advisory highlights the importance of screening high-risk patients and taking preventive measures to reduce the spread. About parvovirus B19. Parvovirus B19 is a small DNA virus. Parvovirus B19, also known as “slapped cheek” disease or fifth disease, is a highly contagious virus that primarily affects children but can also impact adults. It known as “slapped cheek” disease due to the characteristic red rash on the cheeks, and fifth disease because it was historically the fifth disease identified with a rash in children. Transmission Spread: The virus spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. It can also be transmitted through blood transfusions and from a pregnant woman to her foetus. Contagiousness: Highly contagious, especially in environments like schools and daycare canters. Symptoms Children: Bright red rash on the cheeks, sometimes accompanied by a lacy red rash on the body and limbs. Adults: Joint pain and swelling, particularly in the wrists, knees, and ankles. Some adults may also experience mild flu-like symptoms. Immunocompromised Individuals: Can suffer from severe anaemia due to the virus’s impact on red blood cell production. Pregnancy: Infection during pregnancy can lead to severe complications such as hydrops fetalis and miscarriage. Diagnosis and Treatment Diagnosis: Typically made based on clinical presentation and confirmed by serologic testing for Parvovirus B19-specific antibodies. PCR testing can also detect the virus’s DNA. Treatment: No specific antiviral treatment. Currently, there is no vaccine available for Parvovirus B19. Preventive measures focus on reducing transmission. Management focuses on alleviating symptoms, such as using antipyretics and analgesics for children and NSAIDs for adults. Prevention Hygiene: Good hand hygiene practices, such as regular hand washing with soap and water. Avoiding Contact: Avoiding close contact with individuals who exhibit symptoms of the infection. Pregnancy Precautions: Pregnant women should take precautions to avoid exposure to infected individuals. Source: CDC Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following countries Poland Turkey Lithuania Latvia How many of the above countries are members of NATO? 1 only 2 only 3 only All four Q2.) With reference to the parvovirus B19, consider the following statements: Parvovirus B19 is a small DNA virus. It primarily affects children. There is no specific antiviral treatment for Parvovirus B19. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q3.) With reference to the Arogya Maitri Disaster Management Cube, consider the following statements: The Arogya Maitri Disaster Management Cube is a state-of-the-art mobile hospital developed by the Indian Air Force (IAF). It is designed to provide rapid medical assistance in disaster-stricken areas. The cube is equipped with advanced medical equipment and integrates AI and data analytics for effective coordination and real-time monitoring. It is developed under the BHISHM initiative. How many statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 22nd August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 21st August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

Aug 23, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 23rd August 2024

Aug 22, 2024 TLP Mains Answer Writing

[UPSC MAINS 2024] TLP MAINS OPEN MOCKS (GS and ESSAY)

With Mains just days away, we know how each of you must feel focused. A mixed bag of emotions And we totally understand. At this point, we also know how important it is for you to really ascertain your position so that you can identify areas that need more attention. To help you solve these doubts in your mind and provide you with the winning guidance, IASbaba has decided to conduct. OPEN TLP FULL MOCK TEST for GENERAL STUDIES and ESSAY Register Here (Only for Mains 2024) WHY SHOULD YOU ATTEND THIS FULL MOCK TEST BY IASBABA? Here you will not just appear for the examination to test your knowledge, but to understand if your approach has been preparing you for the next cutoff or not. Your speed, decision-making skills, weak areas, and strong ones will all be evaluated. And deep down inside, you know that you want this reality check. IASbaba will: Test you with UPSC-level questions that will make you think Immersion into those moments of high pressure in a simulated environment - relax your body and mind through it. Register Here (Only for Mains 2024) We will be conducting an Open Mock for all GS Papers (Including Essay) Note: Synopsis shall be provided. This test is being conducted so that you practice writing the exam in a simulated environment. We are trying to replicate the UPSC Environment, wherein you write for 6 Hours every day. This will be very helpful for you in a way that you won’t feel anxious or nervous during the UPSC Mains 2024 Exam. Note: TLP Open Mocks is only for the ones who are appearing for UPSC Mains 2024 DETAILS OF THE OPEN MOCK Register Here (Only for Mains 2024) ARE YOU READY TO CRACK UPSC-MAINS 2024? We know that you are and we wish you all the very best! Team IASbaba 🙂

Aug 22, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

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