Aug 23, 2023 Important Articles

[UPSC MAINS 2023] FREE TLP MAINS OPEN MOCKS (GS and ESSAY)

With Mains just days away, we know how each one of you must be feeling anxious. A mixed bag of emotions And we totally understand. We also know how important it is, at this point, for you to really ascertain your position so that you can identify areas that need more attention. To help you solve these doubts in your mind and provide you with the winning guidance, IASbaba has decided to conduct.. FREE OPEN TLP FULL MOCK TEST for GENERAL STUDIES and ESSAY WHY SHOULD YOU ATTEND THIS FULL MOCK TEST BY IASBABA? Here you will not just appear for the examination to test your knowledge, but to understand if your approach has been preparing you for the next cutoff or not. Your speed, your decision-making skills, your weak areas, and your strong ones all will get evaluated.  And deep down inside, you know that you want this reality check.   IASbaba will: Test you with UPSC-level questions that will really make you thinkImmersion into those moments of high pressure in a simulated environment - relax your body and mind through it. We will be conducting an Open Mock for all GS Papers (Including Essay) Note:  Synopsis shall be provided. This test is being conducted so that you practice writing the exam in a simulated environment. We are trying to replicate the UPSC Environment, where in you write for 6 Hours everyday. This will be very helpful for you in a way that you won’t feel anxious or nervous during the UPSC Mains 2023 Exam. Note: TLP Open Mocks is only for the ones who are appearing for UPSC Mains 2023 DETAILS OF THE OPEN MOCK General Studies & Essay Slot 1st (Fri), 2nd (Sat), 3rd (Sun) September Register Here (Only for Mains 2023) ARE YOU READY TO CRACK UPSC-MAINS 2023? We know that you are and we wish you all the very best! Team IASbaba 

Aug 23, 2023 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 23rd August 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Hurricane Hilary Syllabus Prelims –Geography Context: Recently, Hurricane Hilary caused extensive damage in the United States. Background:- Hilary is the first tropical storm to hit Southern California in 84 years. About Hurricane Hilary:- IMAGE SOURCE: dailybreeze.com Location: near the west coast of Baja California. Baja California: The long Mexican peninsula bound by the Gulf of California in the east and the North Pacific Ocean in the west. Origin and Trajectory:- It originated as a Tropical Storm off the shores of Mainland Mexico. This weather phenomenon rapidly transformed into a Category 2 hurricane and then into a Category 3 storm Soon, it was officially designated as a Category 4 hurricane, nearly a day before its projected timeline. This rapid intensification is anticipated to continue, leaving open the possibility of a Category 5 upgrade before eventual weakening. ( Cyclones forecast) Categories of Hurricanes:- Hurricanes are categorized on the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Wind Scale based on their maximum sustained wind speeds. The scale ranges from Category 1 (weakest) to Category 5 (strongest). Each category represents a higher wind speed and potential for damage. Possible Factors behind its intensification:- Scientists expected climate change to not only spike the occurrence of such hurricanes but also make them more intense due to the following implications:- Rise of the surface temperatures of the oceans: global mean sea surface temperature has gone up by close to 0.9 degree Celsius since 1850 and around 0.6 degrees Celsius over the last four decades. Higher sea surface temperatures: it causes marine heat waves, an extreme weather event, which can also make storms like hurricanes and tropical cyclones more intense. Marine heatwaves: they are extended periods of anomalously warm sea surface temperatures in the ocean. El Nino: The situation has been worsened by El Nino, developing for the first time in seven years. This has weakened the vertical wind shear in the eastern Pacific, allowing more hurricanes in the region. El Nino: a weather pattern that refers to an abnormal warming of surface waters in the equatorial Pacific Ocean. Risk or Threat:- Unlike hurricane-prone states on the Gulf of Mexico, California and Mexico’s west coast lack experience in dealing with such events. (Bomb Cyclone) Its expected landfall in the Baja peninsula of Mexico poses risks of landslides, flooding, and extensive damage due to the region’s geographical features and population density. About Hurricane:- Hurricanes are tropical storms that form in the Atlantic Ocean. Wind speeds: at least 119 kilometers (74 miles) per hour. Hurricanes derive their energy from the heat released when moist air rises and condenses into clouds and rain. Key characteristics of hurricanes:- Hurricanes form over warm ocean waters when the sea surface temperature is typically above 26 degrees Celsius (79 degrees Fahrenheit). Low-Pressure Centre: Hurricanes have a well-defined centre of low atmospheric pressure, known as the Strong Winds: winds can reach sustained speeds of at least 74 miles per hour (119 kilometers per hour) or higher. Heavy Rainfall. MUST READ: Hurricane Ida SOURCE: HINDUSTAN TIMES PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2022) High clouds primarily reflect solar radiation and cool the surface of the Earth. Low clouds have a high absorption of infrared radiation emanating from the Earth’s surface and thus cause a warming effect. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2018) The Barren Island volcano is an active volcano located in the Indian territory. Barren Island lies about 140 km east of Great Nicobar. The last time the Barren Island volcano erupted was in 1991 and it has remained inactive since then. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 and 3 3 only 1 and 3 Bharat New Car Assessment Programme (Bharat NCAP) Syllabus Prelims –Governance Context: Union Minister of Road Transport and Highways Shri Nitin Gadkari launched the Bharat New Car Assessment Programme (Bharat NCAP) recently. About Bharat New Car Assessment Programme (Bharat NCAP):- Launched:2023. Implementation: October 1, 2023. Ministry: Ministry of Road Transport and Highways. Objectives: to enhance road safety by elevating vehicle safety standards for up to 3.5-tonne vehicles in India. It is a safety assessment program for passenger vehicles weighing less than 3.5 tonnes and capable of seating up to eight people. Salient Features of Bharat NCAP:- It proposes a mechanism of awarding ‘Star Ratings’ to automobiles based on their performance in crash tests. The voluntary Bharat NCAP would assign vehicles between one and five stars on parameters such as Adult Occupant Protection (AOP), Child Occupant Protection (COP), and Safety Assist Technologies (SAT). This will help assess to what extent a car may suffer damage in the event of an Potential car buyers can refer to these star ratings to decide which car to buy by comparing the safety standards. Bharat NCAP standard is aligned with global benchmarks and it is beyond minimum regulatory requirements. The testing of vehicles for this programme will be carried out at testing agencies, with the necessary infrastructure. Benefits of NCAP: Develop a safety-sensitive car market in India. Consumer Awareness. Enhanced Safety and Export Potential. Making the Indian automobile industry self-reliant. (Atmanirbhar Bharat 3.0) MUST READ: Electric Vehicles SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following actions: (2023) Detection of car crash/ collision which results in the deployment of airbags almost instantaneously. Detection of accidental free fall of a laptop towards the ground which results in the immediate turning off of the hard drive. Detection of the tilt of the smartphone which results in the rotation of display between portrait and landscape mode. In how many of the above actions is the function of the accelerometer required? Only one Only two All three None Q.2)  Which one of the following is the context in which the term “qubit” is mentioned? (2022) Cloud Services Quantum Computing Visible Light Communication Technologies Wireless Communication Technologies Agnibaan SOrTeD (SubOrbital Technological Demonstrator) Syllabus Prelims –Science and Technology Context: A Chennai-based start-up AgniKul Cosmos, has commenced the process of integrating its cutting-edge Agnibaan SOrTeD rocket at its private Launchpad in Sriharikota. Background:- The integration process was initiated on Independence Day on August 15, 2023. A successful launch would make AgniKul the second Indian space tech start-up to send its launch vehicle into space after Skyroot Aerospace. AgniKul: Established in 2017, by aerospace engineers Srinath Ravichandran and Moin SPM, along with IIT-Madras faculty member Prof. Sathyanarayan R Chakravarthy. About Agnibaan SOrTeD (SubOrbital Technological Demonstrator):- Type: single-stage launch vehicle. Powered by: AgniKul’s patented Agnilet engine. Agnilet engine: It is the world’s sole single-piece 3D-printed engine. It is a single-piece, 6 kilonewton (kN) semi-cryogenic engine. Initial trial: early 2021. Verified at the Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC) in Thiruvananthapuram. 3D printing: uses materials such as plastics and metals to convert products envisaged on computer-aided design to real three-dimensional items. Payloads: up to 100 kg. Altitude: 700 km It can carry payloads in five different configurations. (LVM3-M2 rocket) Stages: It is a customizable launch vehicle that could be launched in one or two stages. Unique feature: unlike traditional sounding rockets that launch from guide rails, it will lift off vertically and follow a predetermined trajectory to perform a precisely orchestrated set of maneuvers during flight. The rocket’s first stage could have up to seven Agnilet engines, depending on the mission, which are powered by Liquid Oxygen and Kerosene. The rocket is also designed for launch from more than 10 different launch ports. To ensure its compatibility with multiple launch ports, AgniKul has built a launch pedestal named ‘Dhanush’. It will support the rocket’s mobility across all its configurations. (Falcon Heavy Rocket)  MUST READ: India’s first private rocket – Vikram-S SOURCE: BUSINESS TODAY PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) Ballistic missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while cruise missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase of flight. Agni-V is a medium-range supersonic cruise missile, while BrahMos is a solid-fuelled intercontinental ballistic missile. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Which one of the following statements best reflects the idea behind the “Fractional Orbital Bombardment System” often talked about in media? (2022) A hypersonic missile is launched into space to counter the asteroid approaching the Earth and explode it in space. A spacecraft lands on another planet after making several orbital motions. A missile is put into a stable orbit around the Earth and deorbits over a target on the Earth. A spacecraft moves along a comet with the same surface. speed and places a probe on its India's foreign exchange reserves Syllabus Prelims –Economy Context: As per recent data by the Reserve Bank of India, India’s foreign exchange reserves snapped a three-week losing streak. Background:- India’s foreign exchange reserves also increased by $708 million to $602 billion in the week ended August 11. The rise in the reserves was mainly on account of an increase in foreign currency assets, which grew by $999 million to $534 billion in the previous week. About foreign exchange reserves:- IMAGE SOURCE: BUISINESS STANDARD Foreign exchange reserves are assets held on reserve by a central bank. It includes foreign currencies, gold, Special Drawing Rights (SDR) and Reserve tranche of IMF. These assets are held to ensure that the central bank has backup funds if the national currency rapidly devalues or becomes altogether insolvent. Objectives of Holding Forex Reserves:- Supporting and maintaining confidence in the policies for monetary and exchange rate Provides the capacity to intervene in support of the national or union currency. Limits external vulnerability by maintaining foreign currency liquidity to absorb shocks during times of crisis or when access to borrowing is curtailed. India’s Forex Reserve:- India’s FOREX is governed by RBI under the RBI Act, of 1934. It includes:- Foreign Currency Assets(FCA) Assets that are valued based on a currency other than the country’s own currency. It is the largest component of the forex reserve. It is expressed in dollar terms. Gold reserves: Special Drawing Rights Created in 1969. Created by: IMF. Objective: to supplement its member countries’ official reserves. It is an international reserve asset. It is neither a currency nor a claim on the IMF. The value of the SDR is calculated from a weighted basket of major currencies, including the S. Dollar, the Euro, the Japanese Yen, the Chinese Yuan, and the British Pound. Reserve position with the International Monetary Fund (IMF) It implies a portion of the required quota of currency each member country must provide to the International Monetary Fund (IMF) that can be utilized for its own purposes. It is basically an emergency account that IMF members can access at any time without agreeing to conditions or paying a service fee. MUST READ: Foreign Exchange Management Act SOURCE: BUISINESS STANDARD  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to the Indian economy, consider the following statements (2022) An increase in Nominal Effective Exchange Rate (NEER) indicates the appreciation of the rupee. An increase in the Real Effective Exchange Rate (REER) indicates an improvement in trade competitiveness. An increasing trend in domestic inflation relative to inflation in other countries is likely to cause an increasing divergence between NEER and REER. Which of the above statements is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) Which one of the following situations best reflects “Indirect Transfers” often talked about in media recently with reference to India? (2022) An Indian company investing in a foreign enterprise and paying taxes to the foreign country on the profits arising out of its investment A foreign company investing in India and paying taxes to the country of its base on the profits arising out of its investment An Indian company purchases tangible assets in a foreign country and sells such assets after their value increases and transfers the proceeds to India A foreign company transfers shares and such shares derive their substantial value from assets located in India Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) Syllabus Prelims – Social Issues Context: The Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR) will soon announce the results of the research award proposals it had invited to study the impact of various schemes and public policy initiatives of the Union government. Background:- The Indian Council of Social Science Research had recently given a special call for short-term research proposals to assess the reach and socioeconomic impact of 31 government schemes, including Ujjwala Yojana, Awas Yojana, Ayushman Bharat, New Education Policy, Mudra Yojana and Start-up India among others. Objective: to independently assess the impact of various government schemes Funding: Each selected project will be funded up to ₹6 lakh. For collaborative projects, the funding is fixed at up to ₹30 lakh. Eligibility: Research scholars from recognized institutions, civil servants, officers from defense services, and other professionals with social science perspectives having not less than 20 years of regular service will be eligible to apply.  About the Indian Council of Social Science Research (ICSSR):- Established: 1969. HQ: New Delhi. Ministry: Ministry of Education. Objective: to promote research in social sciences in the country. Functions of ICSSR:- It promotes research in social sciences in India. It provides grants for projects, fellowships, international collaboration, capacity building, surveys, publications, etc. It provides library and information support services to researchers in social sciences. It has developed ICSSR Data Service to serve as a national data service for promoting a powerful research environment.  MUST READ: Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission SOURCE: THE HINDU  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission, consider the following statements: (2022) Private and public hospitals must adopt it. As it aims to achieve universal health coverage, every citizen of India should be part of it ultimately. It has seamless portability across the country. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) With reference to the funds under the Members of Parliament Local Area Development Scheme (MPLADS), which of the following statements is correct? (2020) MPLADS funds must be used to create durable assets like physical infrastructure for health, education, etc. A specified portion of each MP’s fund must benefit SC/ST populations. MPLADS funds are sanctioned on a yearly basis and the unused funds cannot be carried forward to the next year. The district authority must inspect at least 10% of all works under implementation every year. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 3 and 4 only 1, 2, and 3 only 1, 2, and 4 only Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) Syllabus Prelims –Science and Technology Context: Recently, the United States of America’s Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine for use in women during pregnancy to protect the baby. Background:- This vaccine has been developed by The approval allows the vaccine to be given to women 32 to 36 weeks into pregnancy for the prevention of lower respiratory tract infection and severe disease in infants until they are six months old. About Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV):- It is a common respiratory virus. It is highly contagious in naturee., it has a high potential to infect people. It commonly infects children, especially those under 2 to 6 years of age. In most of the cases it has symptoms like the common cold. It can also cause more severe infections, especially in people at high risk. These infections include bronchiolitis, and pneumonia, an infection of the lungs. Bronchiolitis: an inflammation of the small airways in the lung. Pneumonia: an infection of the lungs. Transmission:- It spreads from person to person through:- By coughing and sneezing. Direct contact. Touching an object or surface with the virus on it and then touching your mouth, nose, or eyes. Duration:- People who have an RSV infection are usually contagious for 3 to 8 days. But sometimes infants and people with weakened immune systems can continue to spread the virus for as long as 4 weeks. Symptoms:- Runny nose Decrease in appetite Cough Sneezing Fever(Dengue and DNA vaccines) Wheezing The symptoms of RSV infection usually start about 4 to 6 days after infection. Treatment:- There is no reliable cure available for RSV infection. The recent vaccine developed by Pfizer can be used in women during pregnancy to protect the baby. (iNCOVACC)  MUST READ: Vaccine Development for COVID-19 SOURCE: AIR  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which one of the following statements best describes the role of B cells and T cells in the human body? (2022) They protect the environmental allergens. body They alleviate the body’s pain and inflammation. They act as immunosuppressants in the body. They protect the body from diseases caused by pathogens. Q.2) In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements: (2022) The Serum Institute of India produced a COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using an mRNA platform. The Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using a vector-based platform. COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen-based vaccine. Which of the statements given above is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Mains: The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Effective Leadership Syllabus Mains – GS 4 (Ethics) Context: Emotional intelligence, or the ability to understand and manage one’s emotions and those of others, is crucial for effective leadership in this technology driven modern era especially for the good governance. About Emotional Intelligence (EI): Emotional Intelligence (EI) refers to the capability of a person to recognize, understand and manage own emotions, as well as to understand, manage and influence emotions of others. It is not always virtuous and can be used as a tool for positive and negative ends. Elements of EI (as given by Daniel Goleman) Self-Awareness: It is the skill of being aware of and understanding one’s emotions as they occur and as they evolve. Self-Regulation: It is about controlling one’s emotions i.e. instead of reacting quickly; one can reign in one’s emotions and thus will think before responding. Internal Motivation: It includes one’s personal drive to improve and achieve commitment to one’s goals, initiative, or readiness to act on opportunities, and optimism and resilience. Empathy: It is an awareness of the needs and feelings of others both individually and in groups, and being able to see things from the point of view of others. Social Skills: It is applying empathy and balancing the wants and requirements of others with one’s. It includes building good rapport with others. Development of EI among civil servants: Training: through practice and feedback, civil servants can learn from their mistakes using real life examples and reflection opportunities. Experiential learning: Emotional and behavioral changes require life activities, which are primarily outside of the traditional classroom, and is commonly referred to as experiential learning. Learning transfer: it refers to how people use what they learn in training for performance improvement. Learning transfer seeks to reinforce and apply the information learned on the job immediately. Support: Coaching, encouragement and peer support can assist with lasting change and positive development of EI competencies. Significance of Emotional Intelligence in Civil/Public Services: Better decision making: Biological evidence suggests that decision-making is neurologically impossible without being informed by emotions. Therefore, EI furthers neutrality and impartiality when there is conflict of interest. Better Communication: Emotionally intelligent people listen to other people and know how to communicate effectively (Goleman 1997). Hence, an emotionally intelligent Civil Servant manages to execute policies effectively through better communication with public at large. Empathy and integrity takes precedence over personal biases when one is emotionally sorted out. Management of disruptive emotions– A civil servant while working in high-pressure environment often becomes subject to political pressure, life threats etc. Only a public servant who is Emotionally Intelligent would be able to handle such pressures without succumbing to anger, depression or compromise. Better execution of Policies– According to a research working with colleagues who are not self-aware can cut a team’s success in half and, lead to increased stress and decreased motivation. Fosters Leadership– Self-awareness is at the core of everything. It describes the ability to not only understand one’s strengths and weaknesses, but to recognize emotions and the effect they have on herself (public servant) and her team’s performance. More efficient administration: Because Emotional intelligence helps to – Respond to situations very flexibly. Take advantage of the right time and right place. Make sense of ambiguous or contradictory messages. Build Trust with people: Emotionally intelligent people listen to other people’s emotions and can empathize with them. Emotionally intelligent people act ethically and build trust through integrity and reliability. Better Governance: All public service is people service. Relationships are at the heart of governance. To the extent that public administration mirrors the hearts and minds of people, it is governance. EI helps in building relationships with people and ensures better implementation of public schemes. Negative side of EI: Emotions are complex, and they cannot always be managed or controlled. Emotional intelligence does not guarantee that one’s emotions will always work in their favour. Example: Hitler speeches to play with Germans emotions Emotional intelligence is not a substitute for critical thinking or problem-solving skills, and it cannot guarantee success in all situations. Left wing extremism and Terror organisations manipulating innocent youth emotions and led them to fight against state. Way Forward: Thus, the leaders/bureaucrats who possess high levels of emotional intelligence are able to coach teams, control stress, give criticism, and work effectively with others. To improve emotional intelligence, leaders can practice self-reflection and regulate their emotions, remain motivated, show empathy, and develop social skills such as conflict resolution and effective communication. Source:    Economic Times Marine Heat Waves Syllabus Mains – GS 1 (Geography) and GS 3 (Environment) Context: Extreme heat has plagued the Mediterranean for weeks ending with wildfires across nine countries in the region from Algeria to Greece. This increasing heat has affected the marine life as well. About Mediterranean Sea: The Mediterranean Sea is a sea connected to the Atlantic Ocean and almost completely enclosed by land: on the north by Western and Southern Europe and Anatolia, on the south by North Africa, and On the east by the Levant. The Mediterranean Sea covers an area of 0.7% of the global ocean surface, but its connection to the Atlantic via the Strait of Gibraltar—the narrow strait that connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and separates the Iberian Peninsula in Europe from Morocco in Africa—is only 14 km (9 mi) wide. The Mediterranean Sea encompasses a vast number of islands, some of them being of volcanic origin. The two by far largest islands are Sicily and Sardinia. In the extreme northeast, it is connected to the Black Sea via the Dardanelles Strait, the Sea of Marmara, and the Bosporus Strait. The Mediterranean Sea is also connected to the Red Sea via the Suez Canal in the southeast. 22 countries and one territory (Gibraltar – a British Overseas Territory) have coasts on the Mediterranean Sea. The Mediterranean Sea offers a staggering 46,000 km (28,600 mi) long coastline and includes 15 marginal seas, such as the Balearic Sea, the Adriatic Sea, the Levantine Sea and the Ionian Sea. About Marine heat waves (MHW): A marine heatwave is defined as when seawater temperatures exceed a seasonally varying threshold (usually the 90th percentile) for at least five consecutive days. Successive heatwaves with gaps of 2 days or less are considered part of the same event. Due to increased greenhouse gas emissions, extended periods of extreme warming in seas and oceans have increased in frequency by 50% in the past 10 years and are becoming more severe. According to a recent forecast by an organisation Mercator Ocean International, at present, MHWs have gripped: the north-east Pacific, the southern hemisphere in the southern Indian Ocean and the Pacific, the north-east Atlantic, tropical North Atlantic, and the Mediterranean. Reasons for Marine Heat Waves: The main cause of marine heat waves is the increase in ocean temperature due to the absorption of greenhouse gasses from the atmosphere, which leads to global warming. Natural climate variability can also contribute to marine heat waves, including changes in ocean currents, weather patterns, and atmospheric circulation. El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can contribute to the occurrence of marine heat waves. The other common drivers of marine heatwaves include ocean currents, which can build up areas of warm water and air-sea heat flux, or warming through the ocean surface from the atmosphere. Winds can enhance or suppress the warming in a marine heatwave, and climate models like El Niño can change the likelihood of events occurring in certain regions. Impacts of Marine Heatwaves: Coral bleaching: Marine heatwaves can lead to coral bleaching, which is the loss of photosynthetic algae, called zooxanthellae, from the coral. This can ultimately lead to the death of coral. Ocean acidification: Marine heatwaves can exacerbate ocean acidification, which is the increase in acidity of seawater due to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This can have negative impacts on marine organisms that build shells or skeletons out of calcium carbonate, such as corals and some types of plankton. Harmful algal blooms: Marine heatwaves can cause harmful algal blooms, which can produce toxins that are harmful to humans and marine life. Ocean circulation: Marine heatwaves can also affect ocean circulation by altering the temperature and density of ocean water, which can have implications for ocean currents and the transport of nutrients and heat around the globe. Marine biodiversity: Marine heatwaves can affect the composition and abundance of marine species, leading to changes in marine biodiversity. Benefits to some species: Jellyfish bloom: Jellyfish are thriving because of higher temperatures, as well as nutrient run-off from farms and sewage. Overfishing and loss of fish habitat mean the jellyfish have few or no predators. When currents push the animals together, the Mediterranean turns into a crowded jellyfish hotspot. Invasive species: The sea also hosts around 1,000 invasive species — the highest number in the world. While this is not directly linked to climate change or rising temperatures such conditions clearly favour species introduced from warmer seas. For instance, invasive Rabbitfish native to the Indo-Pacific and Rea Sea feed on seaweed and have reshaped the habitat of the eastern Mediterranean. Underwater deserts have replaced dense seaweed forests. Way Forward: Suggestive measures Mitigation: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions is crucial to slow down global warming and the frequency of MHWs. Governments and industries should invest in renewable energy sources, promote energy efficiency, and adopt sustainable practices to mitigate climate change. Adaption: National and sub-national governments should design and implement measures to protect communities and build regional ocean resilience. Examples of such measures include creating and protecting marine protected areas to act as refuges for species of coral, kelp and seagrass; and enforcing catch management or fishing restrictions to help limit economic losses linked to MHWs. Nature Based Solutions: Governments must invest in nature-based solutions alongside ambitiously reducing fossil fuel-based emissions to achieve the goals agreed to under the Paris Agreement. International Collaboration: Foster international collaboration and networks, such as the Marine Heatwave International Group, to share knowledge, data, and best practices in addressing MHWs on a global scale. Research and Monitoring: Invest in research and monitoring programs to better understand MHWs, their impacts, and their future projections. Source:   Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1) Consider the following pairs: Disease Vaccine 1.Malaria Sputnik V 2.Dengue DEN-2 3.Typhoid iNCOVACC How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Q2) Consider the following statements Statement-I: Hurricane Hilary originated as a Tropical Storm off the shores of Mainland Mexico. Statement-II: It is the first tropical storm to hit Southern California in 84 years. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q3) Consider the following statements Statement-I: Foreign exchange reserves are assets held on reserve by a central bank in foreign currencies. Statement-II: India’s Forex Reserve contains only US dollars. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Mains Practice Questions Q.1) What do you understand by Emotional Intelligence (EI)? Highlight its significance; discuss the ways to develop EI among civil servants. (250 words) Q.2) How far do you agree that the behaviour of the Mediterranean climate has been changing due to humanizing landscape and natural? Discuss. (250 words) Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 23rd August 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 22nd August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – d Q.3) – d

Aug 23, 2023 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2023 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 23rd August 2023

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions.To take the Test Click Here

Aug 22, 2023 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 22nd August 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) Syllabus Prelims –Economy Context: A new report by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has stated that robust raw material supply chain is key to Africa’s growth. Background:- Africa can emerge as a significant manufacturing hub for tech-intensive sectors like automobiles, mobile telephones, renewable energy, and health care by harnessing its vast resources of raw materials, according to the report. The report provided insights into how Africa can diversify its supply chain in knowledge and technology-intensive sectors like automobiles, mobile telephones, renewable energy, and health care. About United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD):- Established: 1964. It is a permanent intergovernmental body established by the United Nations General Assembly. HQ: Geneva, Switzerland. Membership: it has a membership of 195 countries. India is a member. UNCTAD is the UN’s leading institution dealing with trade and development. UNCTAD is part of the UN Secretariat. It is one of the largest in the UN system. Functions of UNCTAD:- It supports developing countries to access the benefits of a globalized economy more fairly and effectively. It provides economic, trade analysis, and facilitates consensus building. It offers technical assistance to help developing countries use trade, investment, finance, and technology for inclusive and sustainable development. Along with other UN departments and agencies, it also measures the progress made in the Sustainable Development Goals, as set out in Agenda 2030. (Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) India) Important Publications by UNCTAD:- Trade and Development Report: annual. (UNCTAD Trade & Development Report 2021) World Investment Report: annual. The Least Developed Countries Report: annual.( UNCTAD REPORT ON FDI FLOWS) MUST READ: India-Africa: Challenges & Way Ahead SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to foreign-owned e-commerce firms operating in India, which of the following statements is/are correct? (2022) They can sell their own goods in addition to offering their platforms as marketplaces. The degree to which they can own big sellers on their platforms is limited. Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Rapid Financing Instruments” and “Rapid Credit Facility” are related to the provisions of lending by which of the following: (2022) Asian Development Bank International Monetary Fund United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative World Bank Floodwatch Syllabus Prelims – Disaster Management Context: Recently, the Central Water Commission launched Mobile App ‘Floodwatch’. About CWC: Establishment: Ministry: Ministry of Jal Shakti. Head: chairman, with the status of Ex-Officio Secretary to the Government of India. Headquarters: New Delhi. It is an attached office of the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development, and Ganga Rejuvenation. It is entrusted with the general responsibilities of initiating, coordinating, and furthering in consultation with the State Governments concerned, schemes for control, conservation, and utilization of water resources throughout the country. It also undertakes the investigations, construction, and execution of any such schemes as required. About Floodwatch:- Launched: 2023. Launched by: Central Water Commission (CWC). Objectives: using mobile phones to disseminate information related to the flood situation and forecasts up to 7 days on a real-time basis to the public. Salient Features of Floodwatch:- It provides essential information regarding flood situations in the country. (Nature’s Warning: Floods) Bilingual: The in-house developed user-friendly app has readable and audio broadcast and all the information is available in 2 languages, viz. English and Hindi. Real-time flood monitoring: users can check up-to-date flood situations throughout the country. The app utilizes near real-time river flow data from various sources. It also provides flood forecasts at the nearest location. (Urban Flooding) Flood advisory: users can check the flood advisory at the station nearest to them. Forecast using an Interactive Map: users can check the CWC Flood Forecast (up to 24 hours) or Flood Advisory (up to 7 days). They can do so either by directly selecting the station from the map or can search for the name of the station in the search box. The location will be zoomed in on the map when the name of the station will be selected from the dropdown. State-wise/Basin-wise Flood Forecast: The app provides State-wise/Basin-wise Flood Forecast (up to 24 hours) or Flood Advisory (up to 7 days). This can be accessed by selecting specific stations, state-wise or basin-wise from the dropdown menu. Easy access: The app can be downloaded free of charge from the Google Play Store. The app will also be available on Apple iOS soon. Advanced technologies: It utilizes advanced technologies such as satellite data analysis, mathematical modeling, and real-time monitoring to deliver accurate and timely flood forecasts.  MUST READ: Urbanisation and Urban floods SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Gandikota canyon of South India was created by which one of the following rivers? (2022) Cauvery Manjira Pennar Tungabhadra Matti banana Syllabus Prelims –Geography Context: Recently, the Matti banana variety was granted the Geographical Indication (GI) tag. About Matti banana:- They are indigenous to Kanyakumari, Tamil Nadu. (Dragon Fruit) Kanyakumari was then part of Travancore. It thrives in the unique climate and soil. It flourishes mainly in Kalkulam and Vilavancode taluks. It is known as ‘Baby Banana’. Its low total soluble solids content (TSSC) makes it suitable as a baby food. There are six known types of the Matti banana:- Nal Matti: a yellowish-orange colour and fine aroma. Theyn [honey] Matti’s: pulp tastes like honey. Kal Matti gets its name from the calcium oxalate crystals forming in its pulp and black dots on the skin. Nei Matti: exudes the aroma of ghee. Sundari Matti: a Matti clone, with its elongated fingers, thick peel, and creamy white rind. MUST READ: Crop in news: Jackfruit SOURCE: THE HINDU  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to, the “Tea Board” in India, consider the following statements: The Tea Board is a statutory body. It is a regulatory body attached to the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. The Tea Board’s Head Office is situated in Bengaluru. The Board has overseas offices in Dubai and Moscow. Which of the statements given above is correct?  (2022) 1 and 3 2 and 4 3 and 4 1 and 4 Q.2) Consider the following statements: (2021) Moringa (drumstick tree) is a leguminous evergreen tree. Tamarind tree is endemic to South Asia. In India, most of the tamarind is collected as minor forest produce. India exports tamarind and seeds of moringa. Seeds of moringa and tamarind can be used in the production of biofuels. Which of the statements given above is correct? 1, 2, 4 and 5 3, 4 and 5 1, 3 and 4 1, 2, 3 and 5 Madan Lal Dhingra Syllabus Prelims –Modern History Context: Recently, a massive memorial was dedicated to  Madan Lal Dhingra on his 114th in Amritsar, where he hailed from. About Madan Lal Dhingra:- Birth: 18 February 1883 Born in Amritsar. Death: August 17, 1909. He was hanged at the age of only 24 for killing British official Curzon Wyllie. He was an Indian revolutionary. He protested against British policies, was expelled from college, and engaged in revolutionary activities. He was disowned by his family for his anti-British leanings. Even after his death, his family refused to take his body. Political Career and Activities:- He enrolled at University College, London, where he studied engineering. While in England, Dhingra became deeply involved in the activities of the Indian independence He came in contact with the revolutionaries like Vinayak Damodar Savarkar, Shyamji Krishna Varma, the founder of Indian House, and several others. He joined Vinayak Savarkar’s Abhinav Bharat Mandal in London. He participated in discussions at India House, a hub for Indian nationalists. Assassination of Curzon Wylli and trial:- On July 1, 1909, Dhingra shot and killed Wyllie during an event. During his trial, Dhingra defended his actions as justifiable in the context of fighting against British oppression. He was found guilty and executed on August 17, 1909, in London. Legacy:- Dhingra’s remains returned to India in 1976, and a memorial was erected in Amritsar’s Golbagh area to honour his sacrifice.  MUST READ: Role of Bengal in the Freedom Movement of India SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following freedom fighters: (2022) Barindra Kumar Ghosh Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee Rash Behari Bose Who of the above was/were actively associated with the Ghadar Party? 1 and 2 2 only 1 and 3 3 only Q.2) With reference to the history of India, Ulgulan or the Great Tumult is the description of which of the following events? (2020) The Revolt of 1857 The Mappila Rebellion of 1921 The Indigo Revolt of 1859-60 Birsa Munda’s Revolt of 1899-1900 Indira Gandhi Memorial Tulip Garden Syllabus Prelims –Environment and Ecology Context: The Indira Gandhi Memorial Tulip Garden has earned a prestigious spot in the World Book of Records (London). About Indira Gandhi Memorial Tulip Garden:- Location: Jammu and Kashmir. (New genus of parasitic flowering plant) Opened in 2007. Objective: to boost floriculture and tourism in Kashmir Valley. Area: 30 hectares. Mountain Range: It is situated on the foothills of the Zabarwan Range with an overview of Dal Lake. It is the largest tulip garden in Asia. The garden is built on a sloping ground in a terraced fashion consisting of seven terraces. The garden houses about 48 varieties of tulip flowers. Other flowers: daffodils, hyacinths, roses, narcissus, and other ornamental plants. Tulip festival: It is an annual celebration to showcase the range of flowers in the garden as a part of tourism efforts by the Government of Jammu and Kashmir. It is organized during the onset of the spring season in Kashmir Valley.  MUST READ: Neelakurinji’ Blooms SOURCE: AIR  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to “Gucchi” sometimes mentioned in the news, consider the following statements: (2022) It is a fungus. It grows in some Himalayan forest areas. It is commercially cultivated in the Himalayan foothills of north-eastern India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 3 only 1 and 2 2 and 3 Q.2) Which of the following are nitrogen-fixing plants? (2022) Alfalfa Amaranth Chickpea Clover Purslane (Kulfa) Spinach Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1, 3, and 4 only 1, 3, 5, and 6 only 2, 4, 5, and 6 only 1, 2, 4, 5 and 6 Hangul Syllabus Prelims –Environment and Ecology Context: The Hangul population in J&K has seen an increasing trend in recent times. About Hangul:- It is the state animal of Jammu & Kashmir. The hangul is also called as Kashmir stag. Hangul, or cervus ellaphus hanglu, a sub-specie of the European red deer. It is known to be existing only in Kashmir. Habitat and Distribution:- It is restricted to the Dachigam National Park. It is located some 15 km northwest of Jammu & Kashmir’s summer capital The Hangul was once widely distributed in the mountains of Kashmir and parts of the Chamba district in neighboring Himachal Pradesh. Conservation Status:- IUCN’s Red List: Critically Endangered (IUCN updates the Red list of species) Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972: Schedule I (Wildlife Institute of India (WII)) J&K Wildlife Protection Act, 1978: Schedule I MUST READ: Wildlife Protection SOURCE: HIDUSTAN TIMES  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to India’s biodiversity, Ceylon Frogmouth, Coppersmith Barbet, Gray Chinned Minivet and White-throated Redstart are (2020) Birds Primates Reptiles Amphibians  Q.2) Recently, there was a proposal to translocate some of the lions from their natural habitat in Gujarat to one of the following sites (2017) Corbett National Park Kuno Palpur Wildlife Sanctuary Mudumalai Wildlife Sanctuary Sariska National Park Mains: Constitutional Morality Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) and GS 4 (Ethics) Context:  Recently the High Court bench of Telangana opined that constitutional morality must outweigh the argument of public morality, even if it were the majoritarian view. The court passed the order while decriminalising gay sex among consenting adults, which was earlier a criminal offence punishable with even life imprisonment. About Constitutional Morality: Constitutional morality refers to the principles and values that underlie the constitution and guide the actions of government and citizens. It encompasses the idea that the constitution is not just a legal document but also a moral one that reflects the shared values and aspirations of a society. It also encompasses the idea that the constitution should be interpreted and implemented consistently with these fundamental principles and values rather than simply as a technical document to be followed literally. The term Constitutional Morality is not mentioned anywhere in the constitution. Evolution of Constitutional Morality over the period: Origin: The doctrine of Constitutional morality traces its origin back to the work of English Historian George Grote. He used ‘constitutional morality’ to describe popular sovereignty, governed based on ‘freedom’ and self-restraint. Constitutional morality, for Grote, also meant citizens’ right to criticize public officials. Therefore, highlighting the limitation to the power of public officials and their duty to respect the Constitution. Constituent Assembly: In the Indian context, this word was first used by Bhim Rao Ambedkar during the Constituent Assembly debate to justify the inclusion of administrative details in the Constitution itself. According to him, constitutional morality was the solution to the existing inequality in society. It primarily meant respect among parties in a republic for constitutional democracy as the preferred form of governance and administration. Kesavananda Bharati Case(1973): It was subtly indicated by the Supreme Court when it propounded the conception of the basic structure of the Constitution. Constitutional Morality was also mentioned in the First Judges case (1982). Thereafter, it was mentioned in Naz Foundation v. Government of NCT of Delhi (2010), where it was used antithetically to popular acceptance and social morality. Elements of Constitutional morality: Constitutional morality involve adherence to constitutional principles like: Commitment to liberty Constitutional supremacy Parliamentary form of government and self-restraint Rule of law Equality Intolerance for corruption, to name a few Significance of Constitutional morality: Protects rights of citizens: It helps to protect the rights and freedoms of citizens by ensuring that the government is held accountable to the rule of law and the principles of democracy, justice, liberty, and equality. Promoting democratic ideals: It helps to maintain the integrity of democratic institutions by ensuring that the government is constrained by the will of the people and the principles of the constitution. Bring positive change in society: It can be used to interpret laws or statutes no longer consistent with recent times, thus bringing positive societal change. Creates Inclusive Society: It helps to promote social cohesion and respect for diversity by recognizing and protecting the rights of all citizens, regardless of their background or identity. Supreme Court Landmark Judgments Upholding Constitutional morality: Khushboo vs Kanniammal & Anr. (2010): Declared sexual relations between consenting adults outside marriage as legal and within the right to privacy. Naz Foundation vs Government of NCT of Delhi (2009): Decriminalized consensual homosexual acts between adults, declaring Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code as a violation of rights. Joseph Shine vs Union of India (2018): Decriminalized adultery and declared it a violation of the rights to equality, dignity, privacy, and autonomy. Navtej Singh Johar vs Union of India (2018): Affirmed the rights of LGBTQ+ individuals to express their sexual orientation and identity with dignity. Shafin Jahan vs Asokan K.M. (2018): Upheld the right to marry a person of one’s choice regardless of religion or caste, nullifying the annulment of a Hindu-Muslim marriage. Shakti Vahini vs Union of India (2018): Condemned honour killings and violence against inter-caste and inter-religious couples, issuing guidelines for prevention and protection. Indian Young Lawyers Association & Ors vs. The State of Kerala & Ors., (2019) (Sabarimala Case): The Supreme Court ruled that the exclusion of women between the ages of 10-50 years from the Sabarimala temple violates four key principles of constitutional morality: Justice, Liberty, Equality, and Fraternity. The court observed that the term “morality” in Articles 25 and 26 of the Constitution refers to constitutional morality rather than popular morality. Challenges pertaining to Constitutional morality in India: Lack of clarity: Some argue that the concept of constitutional morality is not clearly defined and that it can be used to justify a wide range of actions and decisions, which undermines the principle of predictability and the rule of law. Subjectivity: Some argue that the concept of constitutional morality is highly subjective and that it can be used to justify different actions and decisions depending on the perspective of the person or institution interpreting it. Can lead to judicial overreach: If this doctrine is used without limits or restrictions, it could amount to judicial overreach. This can lead to a violation of the separation of powers. Selective application: There have been instances where constitutional morality has been selectively applied to certain groups or issues, undermining the principle of impartiality and the rule of law. Lack of popular legitimacy: Some argue that constitutional morality is not based on popular consent and is imposed on society in opposition to public morality. Way Forward: Constitutional Morality is a sentiment to be cultivated in the minds of a responsible citizen. Upholding constitutional morality is not just the duty of Judiciary or state but also of individuals. The preamble of the constitution explicitly mentions the type of society we wish to establish; it is only through constitutional morality it can become reality. Constitutional morality should be flexible and adaptive to evolving societal norms, values, and challenges. The courts and institutions responsible for interpreting the constitution should embrace a dynamic approach that considers contemporary issues and developments. Source:    Deccan Herald Expansion of BRICS Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (International Relations) Context: Recently there have been internal conflicts about the nature and scope of the potential expansion of BRICS ahead of 15th summit, which is going to be held in South Africa. About BRICS: Source:  CGTN           BRICS is an acronym for five regional economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. The first four were initially grouped as “BRIC” in 2001 by an economist Jim O’Neill, who coined the term to describe fast-growing economies that would collectively dominate the global economy by 2050. Summits: The governments of the BRICS states have met annually at formal summits since 2009. India hosted the 13th BRICS summit in 2021 virtually. China hosted the 14th BRICS summit in 2022. South Africa will host the 15th summit 2023. BRICS is an important grouping bringing together the major emerging economies from the world, comprising: 41% of the world population, 24% of the world GDP Over 16% share in world trade. Total combined area of 29.3% of the total land surface of the world Over a period of time, BRICS countries have come together to deliberate on important issues under the three pillars of: political and security, economic and financial and Cultural and people-to-people exchanges. New Development Bank and BRICS: Formerly referred to as the BRICS Development Bank, is a multilateral development bank established by the BRICS states. The Bank shall support public or private projects through loans, guarantees, equity participation and other financial instruments. The need for BRICS expansion Economic strength: The economic strength of the five members of the grouping is not as promising as it was when the platform was first announced in 2009. Though the BRICS nations certainly represent 43% of the world’s population and around 30% of the global economy, their economic weaknesses are certain. China’s anti-western orientation: China is focused on a quick expansion of BRICS with the aim of giving the platform a distinctly anti-western orientation. Prevailing Anti-Western sentiment: Many realize that the doors of other groupings are closed to them. The clamour reflects prevailing anti-western sentiments and a pervasive desire to create a sizeable forum of the Global South. Global challenges: Russia is being marginalised in the global economy, while China is facing a difficult economic environment with the west turning against it. Challenges with expanding BRICS grouping: An increase in membership is likely to weigh the group in favour of China because some countries waiting to join are also part of the Chinese Belt and Road Initiative. This raise concerns that an expanded BRICS could be seen as a Chinese-led anti-American bloc. India, which has been strengthening its bilateral relationship with the US, has been concerned about expansion. India views China’s role in driving these countries for membership of BRICS along with the support of Russia. India also raised its concern in last year’s BRICS that any addition of new members must follow the carefully thought-out objective criteria for membership. This should be mutually discussed among the present members, so that all are of the same view regarding expansion. Further, at the BRICS foreign ministers’ meeting last month, India’s External Affairs Minister S Jaishankar emphasized the need to consider the ways in which existing BRICS countries collaborate with each other and engages with non-BRICS countries. Way Forward: The 15th BRICS summit holds multifaceted importance for India, offering a platform for addressing geopolitical concerns, facilitating bilateral talks, and advancing economic collaborations. As the global landscape continues to evolve, BRICS remains a critical forum for emerging economies to engage and collaborate on key global challenges. The outcomes of this summit will not only affect the member nations but also shape the broader trajectory of international relations and cooperation. Source: Economic Times Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1) Consider the following pairs: GI Tag Location 1.Rasagola Odisha 2.Palani Panchamirtham Telangana 3.Matti banana Tamil Nadu How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Q2) Consider the following statements Statement-I: Madan Lal Dhingra was born on 18 February 1883, Ludhiana. Statement-II: He was hanged at the age of only 24 for killing British official Curzon Wyllie. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q3) Consider the following statements Statement-I: UNCTAD is not a part of the UN Secretariat. Statement-II: The United Nations General Assembly established it. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Mains Practice Questions Q.1) Constitutional Morality is rooted in the Constitution itself and is founded on its essential facets. Explain the doctrine of ‘Constitutional Morality’ with the help of relevant judicial decisions. (250 words) Q.2) What significance does the 15th BRICS summit hold for India in terms of addressing geopolitical shifts and the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine? Examine the challenges and benefits of expanding BRICS membership beyond its core group and its implications for global dynamics. (250 words) Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 22ndAugust 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 21st August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – c Q.3) – d

Aug 22, 2023 IASbaba's Courses

[ADMISSIONS OPEN] ALL INDIA PRELIMS TEST SERIES (AIPTS) 2024 – Available ONLINE and OFFLINE

Since childhood, there has been a proverb that’s been used time and again at different times. ‘Practice makes a man Perfect!’  Sometimes it encourages us to lift our faces from failure. Sometimes it instills the belief that if we set our mind to something it is absolutely achievable. And if you have entered the world of UPSC – there’s no way you can escape this step –  PRACTICE PRACTICE AND MORE PRACTICE. 🙋‍♀️ Raise your hand if you were reminded of the famous song ‘Escape’ by Enrique Iglesias! You can run…. You can hide… but you cannot escape PRACTICE!” At least we made you smile 😄In the dreaded exam cycle of UPSC, the preliminary exam is the first round of screening. This first hurdle appears a small one but is the toughest to crack. Take it from us – You SHOULD not take it lightly!Many aspirants think along the following lines and never cross this stage – “I’ll focus on Mains and devote just 2-3 months of studies before the prelims. I will easily qualify for Mains.” So what happens? Some of them do but most don’t. Why? The answer is simple. UPSC is interested in eliminating as many aspirants as it can in the first stage. Imagine the success rate – out of four lakh appearing students, only eight to ten thousand qualify for the Prelims! What seems like the most manageable stage of the UPSC cycle, ruins the chances of 98% of the candidates. If Preparation is an Art, Knowing what and How to Prepare is the Science You Cannot Ignore. A very important question arises here – Do you know that you have what it takes to crack Prelims? How do you know that you are ready? How do you prepare yourself for the unpredictability that UPSC is known for?Many begin their preparation by reading standard books, magazines and newspapers. Yes, these are important but not sufficient. You have to test yourself on the yardsticks of UPSC. So, how do you do that? You need to enroll yourself in a credible and genuine test series. It had multi-fold benefits: It helps you create a Micro-plan as well as a Macro plan. This ensures that you have covered all the important subjects and concepts in a time-bound manner. For the practice of not just the questions, but better mood management as well as time management. Along with, not getting nervous and making further mistakes. [Not easy skills to learn on your own] But there are many out there. How to choose the best then? Don’t worry. We have the answer for you.IASbaba’s All India Prelims Test Series (AIPTS) is the most trusted tool for cracking the prelims examination. We have a unique knack for decoding the expectations of UPSC at a micro level. The questions of AIPTS are framed after a lot of discussion and research. You can be assured that you will be attempting questions that will be close to or even higher than the standard of UPSC.In fact, many students use the AIPTS questions as a repository of expected questions. No wonder, AIPTS questions have such a high hit ratio in UPSC.Our detailed synopsis serves as a high-quality ready reference for quick revision.You also get to know your standing amongst hundreds of sincere aspirants. The healthy competition in AIPTS keeps you on your toes always.Improves accuracy helping you hit the bull’s eye with precision.If you have sincerely attempted all the tests and learned the concepts therein, your chances of success in Prelims increases manifold.And that’s what is the FIRST step to the Ladder – CRACKING PRELIMS; if you want to reach the next level. Are you ready? Click Here To Read The Complete Details

Aug 22, 2023 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2023 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 22nd August 2023

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions.To take the Test Click Here

Aug 21, 2023 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 21st August 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) Green Hydrogen Standard Syllabus Prelims – Environment and Ecology Context: The Government has notified the Green Hydrogen Standard for India for the progress of the National Green Hydrogen Mission. About Green Hydrogen Standard:- Issued in 2023. Issued by: Ministry of New and Renewable Energy Objectives: progress of the National Green Hydrogen Mission (NGHM). NGHM: It is a part of the National Hydrogen Mission (NHM) which was announced by the finance minister in the Union Budget 2021-22. Its objective was to make India a global hub for the production and export of green hydrogen and fulfill India’s Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs). The Ministry of New & Renewable Energy has defined Green Hydrogen through these standards. The standard, outlines the emission thresholds that must be met in order for hydrogen produced to be classified as Green. Definition: Green Hydrogen is defined as having a well-to-gate emission including water treatment, electrolysis, gas purification, drying, and compression of hydrogen of not more than 2 kg CO2 equivalent/kg H2. The definition encompasses both electrolysis-based and biomass-based hydrogen production methodology. Electrolysis: a chemical process that involves using an electric current to drive a non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Methodology: A detailed methodology for measurement, reporting, monitoring, on-site verification, and certification of green hydrogen and its derivatives shall be specified by the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy. Bureau of Energy Efficiency, Ministry of Power: it shall be the Nodal Authority for accreditation of agencies for the monitoring, verification, and certification of Green Hydrogen production projects. Significance:- The Green Hydrogen Standard bring a lot of clarity to the Green Hydrogen community in India and was widely awaited. With this, India became one of the first few countries in the world to announce a definition of Green Hydrogen. Green hydrogen:- Hydrogen is a chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. (Hydrogen Fuel Cell for Vehicles) It exists only in combination with other elements. Thus, it has to be extracted from natural compounds, like water. Based on the extraction process, Hydrogen is categorized into:- Grey hydrogen: produced from fossil fuels. Blue hydrogen: produced from fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage. Green Hydrogen: produced entirely from renewable power sources. ( Green Hydrogen). Advantages of Green Hydrogen:- Environment Friendly. Reduced Dependence on Rare Minerals. Reduces Import Bill. Efficient utilization of Renewable Energy. MUST READ: India’s first pure green hydrogen plant commissioned SOURCE: AIR  PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to coal-based thermal power plants in India, consider the following statements: (2023) None of them uses seawater. None of them is set up in a water-stressed district. None of them is privately owned. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q.2) Which one of the following has been constituted under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986? (2022) Central Water Commission Central Ground Water Board Central Ground Water Authority National Water Development Agency International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA) Syllabus Prelims –Important Awards Context: India secured Second Rank at the 16th International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA). Key highlights of IOAA 2023:- The United Kingdom clinched the lead with five Golds. India has secured Second Rank with four medals. About International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA):- Edition: 16th. Organized by: International Olympiad on Astronomy and Astrophysics (IOAA). Venue: Chorzów, Poland. First IOAA: was held from 30th November to 9th December 2007. Objective: to commemorate the 80th birth anniversary of the King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand and the 84th birth anniversary of the Princess Galyani Vadhana of Thailand. (India & Thailand) MUST READ: Chess Olympiad SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements in respect of the 44th Chess Olympiad, 2022: (2023) It was the first time that Chess Olympiad was held in India. The official mascot was named Thambi’. The trophy for the winning team in the open section is the Vera Menchik Cup. The trophy for the winning team in the women’s section is the Hamilton-Russell Cup. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two Only three All four Q.2) Consider the following statements in respect of the Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards. (2021) Bharat Ratna and Padma Awards are titled under Article 18(1) of the Constitution of India. Padma Awards, which were instituted in the year 1954, were suspended only once. The number of Bharat Ratna Awards is restricted to a maximum of five in a particular year. Which of the above statements is not correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA) Syllabus Prelims –Polity Context: Recently, Lok Sabha Speaker Om Birla  inaugurated the 9th India Region Conference of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA). Background:- It was the 9th India Region Conference of the Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA). Theme: Strengthening Democracy and Good Governance in the Digital Age. About Commonwealth Parliamentary Association (CPA):- Founded: 1911. HQ: London, UK. Historical Background:- The CPA was founded in 1911 as the Empire Parliamentary Association (EPA). It was registered as a charity on 22 October 1971 under the laws of the United Kingdom. Salient Features:- It is an association to serve the Parliamentarians of the Commonwealth Countries. Objective: to promote closer understanding and cooperation for common purposes between those engaged in the Parliamentary form of Countries of the Commonwealth. Mission: to promote knowledge of the constitutional, legislative, economic, social, and cultural aspects of parliamentary democracy, with particular reference to the countries of the Commonwealth. It provides the machinery for regular consultation and exchange of ideas and information among members of Commonwealth Parliaments. India’s commonwealth membership:- India was a dominion from 1947 to 1950 till our constitution became effective. 1949: India’s constituent assembly ratified the membership of the association declaring continuation of full membership. India has been playing an important role at the Commonwealth Heads of Government Meet (CHOGM). 1983: India also hosted the 24th commonwealth summit in New Delhi. MUST READ: (Commonwealth & Commonwealth Advantage) SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) What was the exact constitutional status of India on 26th January 1950? (2022) A Democratic Republic A Sovereign Democratic Republic A Sovereign Secular Democratic Republic A Sovereign Socialist Secular Democratic Republic Q.2) With reference to Indian history, consider the following statements: (2022) The Dutch established their factories/warehouses on the east coast on lands granted to them by the Gajapati rulers. Alfonso de Albuquerque captured Goa from the Bijapur Sultanate. The English East India company established a factory at Madras on a plot of land leased from a representative of the Vijayanagara Empire. Which of the statements given above is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 15th BRICS Summit Syllabus Prelims –International Relations Context: During his visit to Johannesburg in South Africa, Prime Minister Narendra Modi will attend the 15th BRICS Summit. Background:- Prime Minister Narendra Modi will be on a three-day visit to Johannesburg in South Africa from 22nd to 24th August 2023. About the 15th BRICS Summit:- IMAGE SOURCE: IASBABA Establishment:2009. Members: Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. First BRICS Summit: 2009, Russian Federation. Previous BRICS summit/14th BRICS Summit: 2022, China. 15th BRICS Summit: 2023, South Africa. ‘BRICS’ is an acronym for the grouping of the world’s leading emerging economies, namely Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa. (BRICS) Naming: the British Economist Jim O’Neill coined the term “BRIC” in 2001 to describe the four emerging economies of Brazil, Russia, India, and China. Chairmanship: rotated annually among the members, in accordance with the acronym B-R-I-C-S. Together, BRICS accounts for about 40% of the world’s population and about 30% of the GDP (Gross Domestic Product), 16% of the global trade. Initiatives: New Development Bank (NDB), Contingent Reserve Arrangement, BRICS Payment System Customs Agreements, Remote Sensing Satellite. New Initiative: BRICS is planning to launch its own “new currency” system, a major step towards de-dollarization. De-dollarization: reducing dependence on the US dollar for trade. Objectives of BRICS:- To deepen, broaden and intensify cooperation within the grouping and among the individual countries for more sustainable, equitable, and mutually beneficial development. It takes into consideration each member’s growth, development, and poverty objectives. It is emerging as a new and promising political-diplomatic entity with diverse objectives. India and BRICS:- India is a founding member of BRICS. It conducted the 13th BRICS Summit in 2021 in New Delhi. Importance of BRICS for India:- Nuclear Supplier Group (NSG) membership: India is engaged with the other BRICS countries on its NSG membership. Funds for infrastructure: NDB will help India raise and avail resources for their infrastructure and sustainable development projects. SUMMITS held in India: India hosted the 13th BRICS summit in 2021. Science and Technology: An agreement on BRICS Cooperation on Remote Sensing Satellite Constellation was signed. MUST READ: New Development Bank SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2016) New Development Bank has been set up by APEC. The headquarters of the New Development Bank is in Shanghai. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) The ‘Fortaleza Declaration’ recently in the news, is related to the affairs of:(2015) ASEAN BRICS OECD WTO Psoriasis Syllabus Prelims –Science and Technology Context: A teen and victim of Psoriasis, Ryan Moslin has become part of a team that invented a drug for the disease. About Psoriasis:- It is a chronic autoimmune condition. Autoimmune condition: in this the immune system which is supposed to destroy foreign invaders, like bacteria, mistakes healthy cells for foreign invaders and destroys them. It causes the rapid buildup of skin cells. This buildup of cells causes scaling on your skin’s surface. It causes a rash with itchy, scaly patches, most commonly on the knees, elbows, trunk, and scalp. Causes: An over-reactive immune system that creates inflammation in your skin causes psoriasis. Duration: The condition tends to go through cycles, flaring for a few weeks or months, then subsiding for a while. Transmission: It is not contagious. (National Centres for Disease Control (NCDC)) Symptoms of Psoriasis:- Raised, inflamed patches of skin that appear red on light skin and brown or purple on dark skin. Whitish-silver scales or plaques on the red patches or grey scales on the purple and brown patches. Dry skin that may crack and bleed. Soreness around patches. Itching and burning sensations around patches. Thick, pitted nails. Painful, swollen joints. Treatment of Psoriasis:- It is a common, long-term (chronic) disease with no cure. (National Non-Communicable Disease Monitoring Survey (NNMS)) Treatments aim to reduce inflammation and scales, slow the growth of skin cells, and remove plaques. Common psoriasis treatments include:- Steroid creams. Moisturizers for dry skin. Medication to slow skin cell production (anthralin). Medicated lotions or shampoos. Vitamin D3 ointment. Vitamin A or retinoid creams.  MUST READ: Disease Surveillance System SOURCE: HINDUSTAN TIMES PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1). Which one of the following statements best describes the role of B cells and T cells in the human body? (2022) They protect the environmental allergens. body They alleviate the body’s pain and inflammation. They act as immunosuppressants in the body. They protect the body from diseases caused by pathogens. Q.2) In the context of hereditary diseases, consider the following statements: (2021) Passing on mitochondrial diseases from parent to child can be prevented by mitochondrial replacement therapy either before or after in vitro fertilization of the egg. A child inherits mitochondrial diseases entirely from the mother and not from the father. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Tachymenoides harrisonfordi Syllabus Prelims –Environment and Ecology Context: Recently, a new snake species ‘Tachymenoides harrisonfordi’ has been named after Hollywood actor Harrison Ford. Background:- Researchers from Germany, the United States, and Peru have named a recently discovered species of snake after actor Harrison Ford. About Tachymenoides harrisonfordi:- Naming: It was named in honour of the actor Harrison Ford. This is the third animal species to be named after Ford. Earlier, an ant (Pheidole harrisonfordi) and a spider (Calponia harrisonfordi) were named after him. Appearance: it measures approximately 16 inches (40.6 centimeters). It has a yellowish-brown colour with scattered black blotches. Distinctive Features: The snake boasts a black belly, a vertical streak above its copper-coloured eye, and unique markings that contribute to its identity. MUST READ: Saltwater crocodile SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) ‘Invasive Species Specialist group’ (that develops Global Invasive Species Database) belongs to which one of the following organizations? (2023) The International Union for Conservation of Nature The United Nations Environment Programme The United Nations World Commission for Environment and Development The World Wide Fund for Nature Q.2) Which of the following is not a bird? (2022) Golden Mahseer Indian Nightjar Spoonbill White Ibis Mains: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) and GS 4 (Ethics) Context: According to the latest provisional data by the Ministry of Corporate Affairs, In FY22, India’s corporate social responsibility (CSR) spending on the environment more than doubled, which made the sector the biggest recipient of such funds after health and education. Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): According to the United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), Corporate Social Responsibility is a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and interactions with their stakeholders. CSR is a way of running the businesses by which corporate houses contribute towards social good. It is closely linked to sustainability (creating economic, social, and environmental value) and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance). CSR is generally understood as being the way through which a company achieves a balance of economic, environmental and social imperatives (‘Triple-Bottom-Line- Approach’), while at the same time addressing the expectations of shareholders and stakeholders. Activities can be undertaken by A Company under the CSR: Specified under Schedule VII of the Companies Act 2013, these activities include: Eradicating extreme hunger and poverty Promotion of education, gender equality and empowering women Combating HIV-AIDS and other diseases Ensuring environmental sustainability Contribution to the PM’s National Relief Fund or any other fund set up by the Central Government for socio-economic development and relief. Significance of CSR: Sustainable Development Goals: Corporates are seen as the key drivers of SDGs as they can apply their creativity and innovation to achieve sustainable development. CSR and SDGs together have tremendous potential to develop an interconnected model for sustainable growth. CSR for Technology Incubators: In September 2019, the Government expanded the scope of CSR to spur the R&D and innovation ecosystem in India. Contribution to incubators funded by Governments/PSUs or to research and academic institutions has been included under the CSR. Responsible Business Reputation/Customer Loyalty: Corporate social investment can help to build a reputation as a responsible business, which can, in turn, lead to competitive advantage. Companies often favour suppliers who have responsible policies, since this can reflect on how their customers see them. Costs Savings: By reducing resource use, waste and emissions, will help the environment and save money as well. With a few simple steps, company may be able to lower their utility bills and achieve savings for their business. Employee Retention: Employees stay in their jobs because of several reasons: job satisfaction, the environment of the company, and good prospects etc. Being a responsible, sustainable business may make it easier to recruit new employees or retain existing ones. Employees may be motivated to stay longer, thus reducing the costs and disruption of recruitment and retraining. Attracting Responsible Investors: Socially responsible investors (SRIs) seek out businesses that have shared values. The number of SRIs is raising rapidly. Shareholder engagement is also seen to be more prominent in companies with SRIs, as they are more willing to push CSR to the forefront of business strategy. Issues Pertaining to CSR: Finding Right Partners: Despite growing awareness about the significance of CSR compliance, the challenges remain in identifying the right partners and projects, as well as in selecting projects that are long-term impactful, scalable, and are self-sustaining. Lack of Community Participation in CSR Activities: There is a lack of interest of the local community in participating and contributing to CSR activities of companies. This is largely attributable to the fact that there exists little or no knowledge about CSR within the local communities as no serious efforts have been made to spread awareness about CSR. The situation is further aggravated by a lack of communication between the company and the community at the grassroots. Issues of Transparency: There is an expression by the companies that there exists lack of transparency on the part of the local implementing agencies as they do not make adequate efforts to disclose information on their programs, audit issues, impact assessment and utilisation of funds. This reported lack of transparency negatively affects the process of trust building between companies and local communities, which is a key to the success of any CSR initiative at the local level. Non-availability of Well-Organised NGOs: There is non-availability of well organized NGOs in remote and rural areas that can assess and identify real needs of the community and work along with companies to ensure successful implementation of CSR activities. Examples of CSR activities in India: TATA GROUP: The Tata Group supports numerous educational institutions with scholarships and endowments. The organisation is also involved in healthcare projects such as child education, immunisation, and raising AIDS awareness. ULTRATECH CEMENT: Its CSR initiatives are focused on healthcare and family welfare programmes, education, infrastructure, the environment, social welfare, and long-term economic viability. ITC GROUP: Their e-Choupal programme, which aims to connect rural farmers via the internet to purchase agricultural products, now includes 40,000 villages and more than four million farmers. MAHINDRA & MAHINDRA: M&M runs programmes like Nanhi Kali, which focuses on girls’ education, Mahindra Pride Schools, which provides industrial training, and Lifeline Express, which provides healthcare in rural areas. Way Forward: The Ministry of Corporate Affairs has instituted National Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Awards to recognize companies that have made a positive impact on society through their innovative and sustainable CSR initiatives will further the companies. All CSR projects should be selected and implemented with the active involvement of communities, district administration and public representatives. Source:  Economic Times Good Governance and e Governance Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) and GS 4 (Ethics) Context: Recently Union Minister of State (Independent Charge) Personnel, Public Grievances, Pensions, Atomic Energy and Space said the Uttar Pradesh’s District Good Governance Index 2022, the first of its kind by any state, ready for release. About Good Governance and e governance: According to the World Bank “good governance is central to creating and sustaining an environment which fosters strong and equitable development and it is an essential complement to sound economic policies”. Good governance is the process of measuring how public institutions conduct public affairs and manage public resources and guarantee the realization of human rights in a manner essentially free of abuse and corruption and with due regard for the rule of law. On the other hand, E-government is the use of technological communications devices, such as computers and the Internet, to provide public services to citizens and other persons in a country or region. E-government offers new opportunities for more direct and convenient citizen access to government and for government provision of services directly to citizens. Significance: Responsiveness: Good governance requires that institutions and processes try to serve all stakeholders within a reasonable timeframe. Rule of law: Good governance requires fair legal frameworks that are enforced impartially. It also requires full protection of human rights, particularly those of minorities. Impartial enforcement of laws requires an independent judiciary and an impartial and incorruptible police force. Transparency: These helps make all functions of the business transparent. All official information can be uploaded onto the internet. The citizens specifically access whichever information they want, whenever they want it, at their convenience. Data Driven Governance: Technology facilitates communication. The Internet and smartphones have enabled instant transmission of high volumes of data that acts as a fodder for effective governance. Costs Saving: A lot of Government expenditure goes towards the cost of buying stationery for official purposes. Letters and written records consume a lot of stationery. However, replacing them with smartphones and the internet can save crores of money in expenses every year. Accountability: Transparency directly links to accountability. Once the functions and information of the governance is available to the citizens, the government is more accountable to its actions. Land Record Monitoring: A vast developing country like India, with its diverse land tenure system requires effective land monitoring. In order to ensure that transactions related to properties are not fraudulent, along with physical transactions, online record maintenance is a key feature of e-governance in India. Speedy delivery: To ensure speedy administration of services and information. To reduce difficulties: for business, provide immediate information and enable digital communication by e-business. Challenges: Lack of computer literacy: India is still a developing country and a vast majority of the citizens lacks computer literacy, which hinders the effectiveness of e-governance. Lack of accessibility: to the internet or even computers in some parts of the country is a disadvantage to e-governance. E-Governance results in a loss of human interaction: As the system becomes more mechanized, lesser interaction takes place among people. Risk: It gives rise to the risk of personal data theft and leakage. E-Governance leads to a lax administration: The service provider can easily provide excuses for not providing the service on technical grounds such as “server is down” or “internet is not working”, etc. Corruption at various levels and centralization of power and authority: 2021 Corruption Perceptions Index ranked India in 85th place out of 180. Criminalization of politics and weak legislators with criminal records, poor knowledge about development issues and low level of education. Poor people’s participation in development processes. Poor coordination among the political, administrative and community-level organizations and institutions. (UPSC CSE: Code of conduct for civil servants) Govt. Initiatives for Good Governance and e governance in India: Right to Information Act: The enactment of the Right to Information Act 2005 marks a significant shift for Indian democracy, because the greater the access of citizens to information, the greater will be the responsiveness of the government to community needs. Citizen’s Charter: A Citizens’ Charter represents the commitment of the Organisation towards standard, quality and time frame of service delivery, grievance redress mechanism, transparency and accountability. Sevottam model: Sevottam is an assessment-improvement model that has been developed with the objective of improving the quality of public service delivery in the country. in is a national citizen engagement platform where people can share ideas and be involved with matters of policy and governance. UMANG is a Unified Mobile Application which provides access to central and state government services including Aadhar, Digital Locker, PAN, Employee Provident Fund services, etc. PayGov facilitates online payments to all public and private banks. Mobile Seva aims at providing government services through mobile phones and tablets. Computerisation of Land Records ensures that landowners get digital and updated copies of documents relating to their property. PRAGATI (Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation) is aimed at starting a culture of Pro-Active Governance and Timely Implementation. It is also a robust system for bringing e-transparency and e-accountability with real-time presence and exchange among the key stakeholders.(UPSC CSE: 2nd arc on foundational values for civil servants) Source: PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1) Consider the following pairs: Hydrogen Production 1.Grey hydrogen produced from fossil fuels. 2.Blue hydrogen produced from fossil fuels with carbon capture and storage. 3.Green Hydrogen produced entirely from renewable power sources. How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Q2) Consider the following statements Statement-I: Psoriasis is a chronic autoimmune condition. Statement-II: It can be treated completely by medication. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q3) Consider the following statements Statement-I: First BRICS Summit was in 2009 in Brazil. Statement-II: The 13th BRICS Summit was in 2021 in India. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Mains Practice Questions Q.1) Wisdom lies in knowing what to reckon with and what to overlook. An officer being engrossed with the periphery, ignoring the core issues before him, is no rare in the bureaucracy. Do you agree that such preoccupation of an administrator leads to travesty of justice to the cause of effective service delivery and good governance? Critically evaluate. (250 words) Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 18th August 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 19th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – b Q.3) – c

Aug 21, 2023 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2023 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 21st August 2023

For Previous Daily Quiz (ARCHIVES) - CLICK HERE The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don't forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today's test :)After completing the 5 questions, click on 'View Questions' to check your score, time taken, and solutions.To take the Test Click Here

Aug 19, 2023 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 19th August 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) COVID-19 variant EG.5.1 Syllabus Prelims –Science and Technology Context: Recently, doctors have urged people to stay vigilant against COVID-19 variant EG.5.1. Background:- On August 9, the World Health Organization (WHO) designated the latest COVID variant, EG.5.1, unofficially known as, Eris, as a variant of interest. The overall risk evaluation by WHO places this variant at a low level. About COVID-19 variant EG.5.1.:- Other name: First documented: February 17, 2023. Origin: The majority of these sequences originated from China, followed by the United States of America, the Republic of Korea, Japan, Canada, and Australia. It is a descendant of Omicron. It is a descendant of the XBB 1.9.2 variant sharing a similar spike amino acid profile with XBB 1.5. 5 carries an additional F456L amino acid mutation in the spike protein, compared to the parent XBB.1.9.2 subvariant and XBB.1.5. Spread: According to the WHO, infections have been reported in 51 countries, including China, the US, the Republic of Korea, Japan, etc. MUST READ: iNCOVACC SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) In the context of vaccines manufactured to prevent the COVID-19 pandemic, consider the following statements: (2022) The Serum Institute of India produced a COVID-19 vaccine named Covishield using an mRNA platform. The Sputnik V vaccine is manufactured using a vector-based platform. COVAXIN is an inactivated pathogen-based vaccine. Which of the statements given above is correct? 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.2) Consider the following: (2022) Aarogya Setu COWIN Digi Locker DIKSHA Which of the above are built on top of open-source digital platforms? 1 and 2 only 2, 3, and 4 only 1, 3, and 4 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 Sulina Channel Syllabus Prelims – Geography Context: Recently, the Sulina Channel has provided Ukraine with an alternative trade route for its grain after Russia withdrew from the Black Sea grain deal. Background:- Russia, targeted ports and grain storage facilities along the Danube River in Ukraine in overnight drone strikes on August 16, 2023. Russia also withdrew from the Black Sea grain deal in July 2023. Amidst this, the Danube Delta has provided Ukraine with an alternative passage in the form of the Sulina Channel to help secure its grain requirements. About Sulina Channel:- IMAGE SOURCE: intechopen.com Location Southeastern part of Romania. Length: approximately 64 km long. It connects the Danube River, with the Black Sea. (Loss of the ‘Moskva’ & Black Sea) It provides a direct route for maritime transportation Historical Background:- The construction of the Sulina Channel dates back to the 19th century. It was developed to improve the navigation of large ships and vessels in and out of the Danube Delta. Significance:- It is a significant watercourse for shipping and navigation. It is a vital trade route for cargo vessels, commercial ships, and other maritime traffic entering or leaving the Black Sea region. Danube: second-longest river in Europe, after the Volga (Russia). Ukrainian grain ships sail from ports like Izmail and Reni on the Chilia Channel to Sulina. Here the cargo is transferred to larger vessels. These vessels proceed to Constanta, Romania’s major seaport. This route falls under NATO’s surveillance and protection. This ensures a degree of security against Russian aggression. MUST READ: Russia-Ukraine War SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following countries: (2023) Bulgaria Czech Republic Hungary Latvia Lithuania Romania How many of the above-mentioned countries share a land border with Ukraine? Only two Only three Only four Only five Q.2) The term “Levant” often heard in the news roughly corresponds to which of the following regions? (2022) Region along the eastern Mediterranean shores The region along North African shores stretches from Egypt to Morocco The region along the Persian Gulf and Horn of Africa The entire coastal areas of the Mediterranean Sea Kharif crops Syllabus Prelims –Economy Context: According to the recent data released, the sowing area of rice and coarse cereals increased under Kharif crops this year as compared to last year. Background:- According to data released by Union Agriculture Ministry today, the sowing area of rice has increased from 345 lakh hectares to over 360 lakh hectares. The sowing area of coarse cereals has also increased from 173 lakh hectares to over 176 lakh hectares. About Kharif crops:- Based on seasons, crops in India are classified into the following:- Kharif crops Rabi crops Zaid crops Kharif crops, are cultivated and harvested in the monsoon season. Naming: The word “Kharif” is Arabic for autumn, since the season coincides with the beginning of autumn or winter. Sowing: These are sown at the beginning of a monsoon season. Harvesting: and farmers harvest them at the end of the season. Time Period: from June to September. The Kharif season may differ in every state of the country. Features: One of the important features of Kharif crops is that they need a lot of water and hot weather for proper growth. Kharif crops examples: Rice, Cotton, Maize, etc. (UPSC CSE: Government announces hike in MSP for Kharif season) Production:- India is the second-largest producer of rice in the world after China. (Minimum Support Prices) India accounts for approximately 20% of the world’s rice production. MUST READ: The Millet mission SOURCE: AIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements: (2023) The Government of India provides Minimum Support Price for niger( Guizotia aoyssinica) seeds. Niger is cultivated as a Kharif crop. Some tribal people in India use niger seed oil for cooking. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q.2) System of Rice Intensification” of cultivation, in which alternate wetting and drying of rice fields is practiced, results in:    (2022) Reduced seed requirement Reduced methane production Reduced electricity consumption Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Gabon’s debt-for-nature swap deal Syllabus Prelims –Geography/International Relations Context: Recently, Gabon announced a $500 million debt-for-nature swap deal for marine conservation. Background:- Gabon on August 15, 2023, announced a $500 million debt-for–nature swap. This is the world’s second-largest deal signed under blue bond to refinance the country’s debt and conserve marine resources. Blue bonds: financial instruments that are designed to support sustainable marine and fisheries projects. In Africa, it is the largest such deal signed by any country to refinance its debt and conserve marine resources. Debt-for-nature swaps: allow heavily indebted developing countries to seek help from financial institutions in the developed world with paying off their debt if they agree to spend on the conservation of natural resources. Usually banks in developed countries buy the debts of such counties and replace them with new loans which mature later. These have lower interest rates. May 2023: the world’s first and largest debt swap to conserve oceans was signed by About Gabon:- IMAGE SOURCE: Britannica Location: Africa. Gabon is a central African country. Water Bodies: It is located on the Atlantic Ocean. Bordering countries: it borders Cameroon, Equatorial Guinea, and the Republic of Congo. Population: It is sparsely populated, with a population of 2.3 million (2021) and forests covering 85% of its territory. Resources: It is rich in natural resources. It is the fourth largest oil producer in Sub-Saharan Africa. (India-Africa: Challenges & Way Ahead) It posted strong economic growth over the past decade, driven mainly by oil and manganese production. India- Gabon Relations:- India and Gabon have traditionally enjoyed warm and friendly relations, which are based on shared democratic values and vision. The bilateral relationship has further strengthened in the past few years with the opening of the Gabonese Mission in New Delhi and the exchange of high-level visits. Trade: The bilateral trade between India and Gabon is growing at a healthy rate and has touched 12 billion dollars in 2021-22 from 440 million dollars in 2017-18. India is now the second-largest destination for Gabonese exports. Over 50 Indian companies have set up manufacturing units in the Gabon Special Economic Zone. (Towards a ‘healthy’ India-Africa partnership) MUST READ: Horn of Africa SOURCE: DOWN TO EARTH PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which one of the following is a part of the Congo Basin? (2023) Cameroon Nigeria South Sudan Uganda Q.2) Very recently, in which of the following countries have lakhs of people either suffered from severe famine/acute malnutrition or died due to starvation caused by war/ethnic conflicts? (2018) Angola and Zambia Morocco and Tunisia Venezuela and Colombia Yemen and South Sudan Karnail Singh Isru Syllabus Prelims –Modern Indian History Context: Recently, Punjab Chief Minister Bhagwant Mann paid his tributes to the late activist Karnail Singh Isru. About Karnail Singh Isru:- Birth: September 9, 1930. Birth Place: Lyallpur district (now in Pakistan). Death: August 15, 1955. He died while participating in the Goa Liberation Movement for the state’s accession to India. Political Career:- He joined the Communist Party of India (CPI) and became part of the Goa Liberation Movement. Isru left his home to join the movement without informing his family and was part of a group of Satyagarhis led by Sahodrabai Rai. However, upon entering Patradevi village in Goa, Portuguese forces opened fire, and Isru was fatally shot in the chest at the age of 25. Goa was eventually annexed by India in 1961 through Operation Vijay. Legacy:- In Goa, a bronze bust of Isru was installed in a primary school in Patradevi village. The legacy of Karnail Singh Isru serves as a reminder of the sacrifice made for India’s freedom struggle and the Goa Liberation Movement.  MUST READ: Subhas Chandra Bose SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following freedom fighters: (2022) Barindra Kumar Ghosh Jogesh Chandra Chatterjee Rash Behari Bose Who of the above was/were actively associated with the Ghadar Party? 1 and 2 2 only 1 and 3 3 only Q.2) The Ghadr (Ghadar) was a: (2014) revolutionary association of Indians with headquarters in San Francisco. nationalist organization operating from Singapore. militant organization with headquarters in Berlin. communist movement for India’s freedom with headquarters at Tashkent. Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Syllabus Prelims – Science and Technology Context: Recently the suggestion of counting the condition of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis as a rare disease was put forth by support groups. Background:- Support groups for patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis urge that the condition be counted as a rare disease, which they hope will ease eligibility for financial assistance. About Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:- It’s also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. It is a neurodegenerative disease. (Rare disease ‘GNB1 Encephalopathy) In this, the motor neurons in the brain and spine are affected. Motor neurons: control an individual’s voluntary functions like walking, chewing, talking, and moving their arms. Neuron: a specialized cell in the nervous system that is responsible for transmitting information through electrical and chemical signals. As these nerve cells progressively die, the muscles dependent on them are unable to function or move, due to which they begin to atrophy or waste away. It is a progressive disease. Once it involves the motor neurons that regulate respiratory muscles, breathing gets affected. Effect of Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis:- The two types of motor neurons are: Upper motor neurons: the motor nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. Their job is to send signals to lower motor neurons. Lower motor neurons: the motor nerve cells in the brain stem (lower part of your brain) and spinal cord. They receive instructions from the upper motor neurons. They then send messages to the muscles telling them to move. Issue caused in the body: As the motor neurons (nerve cells) continue to decline, they can’t send signals to your muscles. Diagnosis: From the onset of symptoms, it takes around 8 to 15 months for diagnosis. Treatment: Currently, there is no effective cure for this disease. MUST READ: National Policy for Rare Diseases, 2021 released SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) In the context of the developments in Bioinformatics, the term ‘transcriptome’, sometimes seen in the news, refers to (2016) a range of enzymes used in genome editing the full range of mRNA molecules expressed by an organism the description of the mechanism of gene expression a mechanism of genetic mutations taking place in cells Q.2) The Genetic Engineering Appraisal Committee is constituted under the (2015) Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006 Geographical Indications of Goods (Registration and Protection) Act, 1999 Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 Mains: Ponzi scheme Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) and GS 3 (Economy) Context: Recently Odisha police arrested the India head of Chinese earning application (online Ponzi scam). About Ponzi scheme: A Ponzi scheme is an investment plan in which the operator or the operating company pays returns to investors from the new capital coming in from new investors instead off the profits of the business. The investors get attracted to these schemes because of the unusually high rate of return offered within shorter time spans compared to other conventional investment options. These schemes start off as legitimate businesses. However, they often fail to sustain them with operating income alone. So, in order to meet the promises made to their investors, the capital gathered from new members gets used up. For example, a hedge fund can turn into a Ponzi scheme if it faces unexpected losses and cannot legitimately meet the desired returns. The promoters then start forging reports instead of admitting their failures. History: The scheme got its name from Charles Ponzi, a fraudster who duped thousands of investors in 1919. Ponzi promised a 50% return within three months on profits earned from international reply coupons. Due to the fluctuations in postage prices, it was not unusual to find that stamps were pricier in one country than another. Ponzi saw an opportunity in the practice and decided to hire agents to buy cheap international reply coupons on his behalf then send them to him. He exchanged the coupons for stamps, which were more expensive than what the coupon was originally bought for. The stamps were then sold at a higher price to make a profit. This type of trade is known as arbitrage, and it is not illegal. Under the Securities Exchange Company, he invited people to invest in the company, promising 50% returns within 45 days and 100% within 90 days. Characteristics and concerns of a Ponzi scheme: High investment returns with little or no risk Overly consistent returns: The Ponzi schemes give guaranteed investment opportunity which is suspicious. Unregistered investments: Ponzi schemes typically involve investments that have not been registered with state regulators. Unlicensed sellers: Most Ponzi schemes involve unlicensed individuals or unregistered firms. Secretive or complex strategies: The investments in Ponzi schemes cannot be understood and do not give complete information. Difficulty receiving payment: -promoters routinely encourage participants to “roll over” investments and sometimes promise even higher returns on the amount rolled over. Safeguards against Ponzi Schemes in India: Ponzi schemes are banned under the Prize Chit and Money Circulation (Banning) Act, 1978. It is a Central Act but the respective State governments are the enforcement agency of this law. These are also dealt with by the Enforcement Directorate under the Prevention of Money Laundering Act, 2002. The Banning of unregulated Deposit Schemes Act 2019 has been enacted to prevent fraudulent schemes. It provides for severe punishment ranging from 1 year to 10 years and fines ranging from 2 lakh to 50 crore rupees to act as a deterrent. It has adequate provisions for disgorgement or repayment of deposits in cases where deposits have been raised illegally. It mentions that the first claim on the recovered money will be that of depositors. Way Forward: There has been attempts to regulate Ponzi schemes have taken the form of SEBI’s ‘collective investment scheme’ regulations. By law, any scheme that amasses more than Rs.100 crore requires SEBI’s permission. The regulations allow SEBI to act where it comes across an illegal collective investment scheme. Source:  The Hindu Removing gender stereotypes from the law Syllabus Mains – GS 1 (Society) and GS 4 (Ethics) Context: The Supreme Court has recently launched a ‘Handbook on Combating Gender Stereotypes’. Highlights of the handbook: Source:  The Hindu Handbook on Combating Gender Stereotypes aims to free the judiciary and the legal community from the mechanical application of gender stereotypical language in judgments, orders, and court pleadings. It “aims to assist judges and the legal community in identifying, understanding and combating stereotypes about women”. It contains a glossary of gender-unjust terms and suggests alternative words or phrases which may be used while drafting pleadings as well as orders and judgments. Some of the other terms that the handbook wants courts to avoid using are adulteress, bastard, career woman, carnal intercourse, concubine/keep, housewife, mistress, prostitute, transsexual and unwed mother. Gender Stereotypes Gender stereotyping refers to the practice of assigning certain traits, roles, behaviors, and characteristics to individuals based on their gender. These stereotypes are often oversimplified and generalized beliefs about how people of different genders should act, think, or behave. Gender stereotyping can affect various aspects of life, including social interactions, education, employment, and even legal and political matters. Reasons for Gender Stereotypes: Patriarchy: Patriarchy is a social system where men hold more power and privilege than women are. It is a major driver of gender stereotypes, as it reinforces the idea that certain traits, behaviours, and roles are inherently male or female. Societal Norms and Historical Practices: Many societies have ingrained traditional gender roles that have been passed down through generations. These roles often prescribe specific behaviours, responsibilities, and expectations for individuals based on their gender. Traditional Family Structures: The traditional nuclear family model, where men are typically the breadwinners, women are responsible for domestic chores, and caregiving has contributed to gender role expectations. Religious and Cultural Beliefs: Many religious and cultural practices promote specific gender roles and expectations. These beliefs can be very influential in shaping societal attitudes towards what is considered appropriate behaviour for each gender. Media Influence the media, including television, movies, and advertisements, often portrays exaggerated and one-dimensional depictions of gender roles. These portrayals reinforce stereotypes by presenting limited and often unrealistic ideas of how men and women should behave or look. Lack of Representation: When certain genders are underrepresented or misrepresented in various fields, it can perpetuate the idea that they are not capable or suited for those roles. This lack of representation can be due to historical biases and existing stereotypes. Peer Pressure and Socialization: From a young age, individuals are socialized into gender roles by observing how people around them behave and by receiving messages from family, friends, and society at large. This socialization can make it difficult for individuals to break free from these expectations. Impacts of Gender Stereotyping on Women and Society: Gender stereotypes act as a barrier for girls to access quality education. For example, stereotypes about the role of women as confined to the domestic and family sphere underpin all obstacles to girls’ equal access to quality education. Women are often held back from high status positions in society. The persistent gender gap in education, employment and wages is due in part to gender stereotyping. Harmful gender stereotypes, rigid constructions of femininity and masculinity and stereotyped gender roles are a root cause of gender-based violence against women. Family dynamics: Gender stereotypes can affect family dynamics by influencing expectations placed on individuals within the family unit. Economic disparities: Gender stereotypes often result in unequal pay and disparities in the workforce. Jobs traditionally associated with women tend to be undervalued and underpaid, leading to economic inequality. Societal progress: Gender stereotypes hinder societal progress by limiting innovation and creativity. Challenges: Deep-rooted Beliefs: Cultural norms and beliefs that have been passed down through generations can be deeply ingrained in society. Challenging these long-standing norms requires a significant cultural shift, which can be slow and met with resistance. Media Influence: The media plays a powerful role in shaping societal attitudes and perceptions. If the media continues to portray narrow and stereotypical gender roles, it can undermine efforts to challenge those stereotypes through other means. Resistance to Change: Traditional mindsets and conservative values can resist efforts to change established gender norms. Lack of Role Models: Limited representation of diverse gender roles and identities in positions of influence and leadership can make it difficult for individuals to envision alternative paths beyond traditional stereotypes. Intersectionality: The intersection of gender with other factors like caste, class, and religion adds complexity to the challenge. Discrimination and stereotypes can be compounded for individuals who face multiple forms of marginalization. Cultural Sensitivity: When implementing gender equality initiatives, it is important to consider cultural nuances and sensitivities. Approaches that are not culturally appropriate might face backlash and resistance. Steps Taken to address gender stereotypes and promote gender equality: Legal Framework: India has established a legal framework to protect women’s rights and address gender-based discrimination. The Protection of Women from Domestic Violence Act provides legal remedies for women facing domestic violence, while the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act aims to create a safe environment for women in workplaces. Education Initiatives: The Indian government has launched campaigns to promote girls’ education and reduce gender biases in educational materials. Efforts are being made to ensure that textbooks and curricula do not perpetuate stereotypes and present a more inclusive view of gender roles. Economic Empowerment: Programs like the National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) focus on economic empowerment through self-help groups, skill development, and entrepreneurship training. These initiatives aim to enhance women’s financial independence and decision-making abilities. Reservation Policies: India has implemented reservation policies in various sectors, such as politics and education, to increase the representation of women and marginalized groups. These policies aim to provide more opportunities for women to participate in decision-making processes. Way Forward: The handbook calls upon the Indian judiciary to recognise the deep-rooted impact of gender stereotypes and actively work to dismantle them from its thinking, decision-making, and writing. As pointed out by the Chief Justice of India, “even when the use of stereotypes does not alter the outcome of a case, stereotypical language may reinforce ideas contrary to our constitutional ethos”. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1) Consider the following pairs: Crop name Type 1.Maize Kharif crops 2.Oat Rabi crops 3.Soybean Kharif crops How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Q2) Consider the following statements Statement-I: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive disease. Statement-II: It’s also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q3) Consider the following statements Statement-I: COVID-19 variant EG.5.1 is a descendant of the Delta variant. Statement-II: The overall risk evaluation by WHO places this variant at a high-risk level. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Mains Practice Questions Q.1) What are Ponzi schemes? Examine why they are considered as such a big menace in India? (250 words) Q.2) What are the continued challenges for women in India against time and space? (250 words) Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 19th August 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 18th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – c  Q.3) – d

Aug 19, 2023 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 18th August 2023

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) INS Visakhapatnam & INS Deepak Syllabus Prelims –Defense Context: Recently, the Indian Naval Ships INS Visakhapatnam & INS Deepak made a port call in Bahrain. Background:- Indian naval ships’ port call in Bahrain will further strengthen the ties between the two nations. About INS Visakhapatnam:- Commissioned: November 21, 2021. Propulsion: It is propelled by four Gas Turbines, in a Combined Gas and Gas (COGAG) configuration. Speed: It is capable of achieving speeds in excess of 30 knots. It is the lead ship of the P15B class of guided missile stealth destroyers. P15B class: These ships are amongst the most technologically advanced Guided Missile Destroyers in the world. They are equipped with BrahMos supersonic cruise missiles and long-range Surface-to-Air Missiles (SAM). It is one of the largest destroyers in Indian Navy service. Visakhapatnam class ships are follow-on of the Kolkata class destroyers (P-15A). About INS Deepak:- Commissioned:2011 Speed: maximum speed of 20 knots. The ship has state -of -the art aviation facilities. It can operate various types of helicopters from its deck including the Seeking and the indigenously manufactured ALH. (SLBM launch by INS Arihant) MUST READ: INS Mormugao SOURCE: NEWSONAIR PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which one of the following is the best description of ‘INS Astradharini’, that was in the news recently? (2016) Amphibious warfare ship Nuclear-powered submarine Torpedo launch and recovery vessel Nuclear-powered aircraft carrier Q.2) With reference to the Agni-IV Missile, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (2014) It is a surface-to-surface missile. It is fuelled by liquid propellant only. It can deliver a one-tonne nuclear warhead about 7500 km away. Select the correct answer using the codes given below. 1 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Graphene-Aurora Program Syllabus Prelims – Science and technology Context: Recently, the Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY) launched the ‘Graphene-Aurora program’ at a function in Maker Village Kochi, Kerala. About Graphene-Aurora Program:- Launched:2023. Ministry: Ministry of Electronics & Information Technology (MeitY). Objectives: fostering innovation and commercialization of graphene technologies in Kerala. Salient Features of the Graphene-Aurora Program:- It shall nurture the deep/emerging Graphene technology & innovation ecosystem. It will guide, develop, implement, and support SMEs and startups to commercialize developed graphene technologies for scale adoption. A not for profit company called ‘India Graphene Engineering and Innovation Centre (I-GEIC)’ shall be set up. I-GEIC’s establishment will bridge the gap between research and commercialization, supporting startups and industries. The program’s focus on emerging graphene technology is expected to position India as a leader in the global new materials market. Funding: The program shall be implemented by Digital University Kerala with joint funding from MeitY, the Government of Kerala, and Industry partners. About Graphene It is a single layer (monolayer) of carbon atoms. It is the world’s thinnest, strongest, and most conductive material of both electricity and heat. Properties: High thermal stability; High elasticity; High electrical conductivity; etc. It conducts electricity better than copper. Uses of Graphene:- Graphene’s unique characteristics make it a versatile material with various potential applications across different industries. It is used in electronics for creating faster and more efficient devices. (Production Linked Incentive Scheme (PLI) For Large Scale Electronics Manufacturing) It is used in materials science for reinforcing composites. It is used in energy storage for enhancing battery performance. It is used in medical fields for drug delivery and biosensors, among other uses. (Graphene Mask Inactivates Coronaviruses) MUST READ: Silicon Diplomacy SOURCE: PIB PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which one of the following is the context in which the term “qubit” is mentioned? (2022) Cloud Services Quantum Computing Visible Light Communication Technologies Wireless Communication Technologies Q.2) Consider the following communication technologies: (2022) Closed-circuit Television Radio Frequency Identification Wireless Local Area Network Which of the above are considered Short-Range devices/technologies? 1 and 2 only. 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 PM e-bus Sewa scheme Syllabus Prelims –Science and Technology Context: Recently, the Union Cabinet approved the PM e-bus Sewa scheme. Background:- The scheme will add 10,000 e-buses to city bus services across the country. About PM e-bus Sewa scheme:- Launched: 2023. (Electric Vehicles (EVs)) Objectives: enhancing urban bus operations with 10,000 electric buses on a Public Private Partnership (PPP) model. Salient Features of PM e-bus Sewa scheme:- Under PM-eBus Sewa Scheme 10,000 e-buses will be deployed across cities in the country. The scheme will cover cities of Three lakh and above population as per census 2011. This will include all the Capital cities of Union Territories, North Eastern Region, and Hill States. Under this scheme, priority will be given to cities having no organized bus service. The Scheme has two segments: Segment A – Augmenting the City bus services:(169 cities) The approved bus scheme will augment city bus operations with 10,000 e-buses on Public Private Partnership (PPP) model. PPP mode: an arrangement between government and private sector for the provision of public assets and/or public services. Segment B– Green Urban Mobility Initiatives (GUMI): (181 cities) The scheme envisages green initiatives like bus priority, infrastructure, multimodal interchange facilities, Charging infrastructure, etc. Support for Operation: Under the scheme, States/Cities shall be responsible for running the bus services and making payments to the bus operators. The Central Government will support these bus operations by providing subsidies to the extent specified in the proposed scheme. Funding: It has been allocated a total funding of Rs 57,613 crore. Out of this financial provision, the central government will contribute Rs 20,000 crore, while the remaining portion will be covered by the state governments. Coverage: The scheme will cover cities with 3 lakhs and above population and priority will be given to cities not having organized bus services. Benefits of PM e-bus Sewa scheme:- The scheme will promote e-mobility. (Challenges of Electric Vehicles) Cities will be supported for the development of charging infrastructure under Green Urban Mobility Initiatives. Adoption of Electric mobility will reduce noise and air pollution and curb carbon emission.  MUST READ: Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV) SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Climate Action Tracker” which monitors the emission reduction pledges of different countries is a: (2022) Database created by a coalition of research organizations Wing of “International Panel of Climate Change” Committee under “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change” Agency promoted and financed by United Nations Environment Programme and World Bank Q.2) With reference to street lighting, how do sodium lamps differ from LED lamps? (2021) Sodium lamps produce light at 360 degrees but it is not so in the case of LED lamps. As street lights, sodium lamps have a longer life span than LED lamps. The spectrum of visible light from sodium lamps is almost monochromatic while LED lamps offer significant colour advantages in street lighting. Select the correct answer using the code given below. 3 only 2 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Annapurna food packet scheme Syllabus Prelims –Government Schemes Context: Recently, the Annapurna food packet scheme was launched by the Rajasthan government. About Annapurna food packet scheme:- Launched:2023. Launched by: Government of Rajasthan. Objective: The scheme is primarily meant for the families covered by the National Food Security Act (NFSA). Rajasthan’s government launched the Annapurna food packet scheme as part of its welfare initiatives, aiming to support 1.10 crore people, especially those hit hard by the pandemic. Salient Features of Annapurna food packet scheme:- Under this scheme, free Annapurna food packets will be distributed every month to more than 1.04 crore families in the state.   (Revising Food Security Act) The eligible beneficiaries will get the Annapurna food packets every month. These will be available at the fair price shops (FPS) for free. The FPS will get a commission of ₹10 per packet. Each packet will contain one kg each of gram pulses, sugar, and iodized salt, one litre of soybean refined edible oil, 100 grams each of chili powder and coriander powder, and 50 grams of turmeric powder. MUST READ: State Ranking Index for NFSA SOURCE: THE HINDU PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Which of the following activities constitute a real sector in the economy? (2022) Farmers harvesting their crops Textile mills converting raw cotton into fabrics A commercial bank lending money to a trading company A corporate body issuing Rupee Denominated Bonds overseas 1 and 2 only 2, 3, and 4 only 1, 3, and 4 only 1, 2, 3 and 4 Q.2) With reference to the provisions made under the National Food Security Act, 2013, consider the following statements: (2018) The families coming under the category of ‘below poverty line (BPL)’ only are eligible to receive subsidized food grains. The eldest woman in a household, age 18 years or above, shall be the head of the household for the purpose of issuance of a ration card. Pregnant women and lactating mothers are entitled to a ‘take-home ration’ of 1600 calories per day during pregnancy and for six months thereafter. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 2 only 1 and 3 only 3 only Technology Development Fund (TDF) scheme Syllabus Prelims –Government Schemes Context: Recently, the Defense Ministry’s Technology Development Fund (TDF) scheme was launched. About Technology Development Fund (TDF) scheme:- Launched:2023. Ministry: Ministry of Defense. Executed by: Defense Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Objectives: to encourage the participation of MSMEs and startups to design and develop various defense technologies indigenously. (Self-reliance in defense) Salient Features of the Technology Development Fund (TDF) scheme:- The scheme encourages the participation of public/private industries especially MSMEs to create an eco-system for enhancing cutting-edge technology capability for defense applications. It supports the indigenous development of components, products, systems, and technologies by MSMEs and start-ups. Project Duration: Maximum two years. Eligibility of the Technology Development Fund (TDF) scheme:- MSMEs and Startups registered in India. Public limited company, private limited company, partnership firms, limited liability partnership, one-person company, sole proprietorship registered as per applicable Indian laws. The industry has to be owned and controlled by an Indian citizen. The Industries with foreign investments of 49% or less. (Defence exports) Funding of Technology Development Fund (TDF) scheme:- The funding will be through the provision of grants to the Industry. Industry may work in collaboration with academia or research The work involvement of academia cannot exceed 40% of the total project cost. The funding will be linked to mutually agreed milestones. Funds will be released either in advance against a bank guarantee of the same amount as collateral, or reimbursement based on the completion of milestones. Subsequent installments will be released on successful completion of milestones. MUST READ: The new defense systems handed over to Army SOURCE: FINANCIAL EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) Consider the following statements:(2023) Ballistic missiles are jet-propelled at subsonic speeds throughout their flights, while cruise missiles are rocket-powered only in the initial phase of flight. Agni-V is a medium-range supersonic cruise missile, while BrahMos is a solid-fuelled intercontinental ballistic missile. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) With reference to the Agni-IV Missile, which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? (2014) It is a surface-to-surface missile. It is fuelled by liquid propellant only. It can deliver a one-tonne nuclear warhead about 7500 km away. Select the correct answer using the codes given below. 1 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Pong dam Syllabus Prelims –Geography Context: Recently, the Pong Dam recorded the highest-ever water inflow since it became operational. Background:- Due to heavy rainfall over the last two days, the Pong dam on the Beas River in Himachal Pradesh has recorded the highest-ever inflow. About Pong Dam:- Formation: 1974. Location: Kangra District, Himachal Pradesh. Objective: water storage for irrigation and hydroelectric power generation. It was built across the Beas River. It is also called the Maharana Pratap Sagar. 1983: entire reservoir was declared a Wildlife Sanctuary by the Himachal Pradesh government. 1994: Government of India declared it a “Wetland of National Importance”. (Wetland Conservation) 2002: it was declared a Ramsar Site. (COP14 of Ramsar Convention on Wetlands) Vegetation: tropical and subtropical forests. Flora: Eucalyptus, acacia, jamun, shisham, mango, mulberry, ficus, etc. Fauna: Barking deer, sambar, wild boars, nilgai, leopards, etc. Avian-Fauna: Black-headed gulls, Red-necked grebes, plovers, terns, ducks, etc. MUST READ: National Dam Safety Authority SOURCE: THE INDIAN EXPRESS PREVIOUS YEAR QUESTIONS Q.1) With reference to the role of biofilters in Recirculating Aquaculture Systems, consider the following statements: (2023) Biofilters provide waste treatment by removing uneaten fish feed. Biofilters convert ammonia present in fish waste to nitrate. Biofilters increase phosphorus as a nutrient for fish in water. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q.2) Consider the following statements regarding mercury pollution: (2023) Gold mining activity is a source of mercury pollution in the world. Coal-based thermal power plants cause mercury pollution. There is no known safe level of exposure to mercury. How many of the above statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Mains: Legalisation of Cannabis Syllabus Mains – GS 2 (Governance) and GS3 (Internal Security) Context: Recently the German government approved a draft law legalising the purchase and possession of cannabis for recreational use, allowing adults to possess up to 25 grams of cannabis and grow up to three plants for personal use. About Cannabis: Cannabis refers to a group of three plants with psychoactive properties, known as Cannabis sativa, Cannabis indica, and Cannabis ruderalis. Cannabis is made up of more than 120 components, which are known as cannabinoids. Two of them are: Cannabidiol (CBD): This is a psychoactive cannabinoid, yet it is non-intoxicating and non-euphoric. It is often used to help reduce inflammation and pain. It may also ease nausea, migraine, seizures and anxiety. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): This is the main psychoactive compound in cannabis. THC is responsible for the “high” that most people associate with cannabis. Cannabis cultivation traces all the way up to 12,000 years ago, suggesting it was one of humanity’s oldest cultivated crops. Traditional Drink: Some scholars speculate that it may be the main ingredient of the ritual Vedic drink ‘soma’, mentioned in both the Rigveda and the Bhagavad Gita. 1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs: It put down stringent controls for the manufacture and consumption of drugs including cannabis. Laws pertaining to Cannabis in India: The Centre’s law around cannabis in India can be found in the Narcotics Drugs and Psychotropic Substances Act, 1985(though there are various states that have their own laws around cannabis as well). The law prohibits and criminalises the sale, possession, transportation and cultivation of cannabis in certain forms in India. The NDPS Act, when it comes to cannabis, includes: Charas, which is “the separated resin, in whatever form, whether crude or purified, obtained from the cannabis plant and also includes concentrated preparation and resin known as hashish oil or liquid hashish”. Ganja, “the flowering or fruiting tops of the cannabis plant (excluding the seeds and leaves when not accompanied by the tops)”. In addition “any mixture, with or without any neutral material, of any of the above forms of cannabis or any drink prepared therefrom”. Notably, the Act specifically prohibits the sale and production of cannabis resin and flowers, while the use of seeds and leaves is allowed. Apart from the NDPS Act, states have the power to draft their own laws on cannabis. Section 10 of the NDPS Act allows states to permit and regulate “the cultivation of any cannabis plant, production, manufacture, possession, transport, import inter-State, export inter-State, sale, purchase consumption or use of cannabis (excluding charas)”. For example, Uttarakhand became the first state in India to allow commercial cultivation of hemp in 2018. Another state law is the Assam Ganja and Bhang Prohibition Act which outlaws the purchase, consumption and possession of ganja as well as bhang. Arguments in favour of Legalising Cannabis: Plant was most likely brought to India by Aryan migrants between 1000 and 2000 BC. It is treated as a sacred plant in the Vedas, considered a source of joy. The Hindu god Shiva is revered as the Lord of Bhang. The central government stated that the present legal framework regulating the usage of cannabis did not violate Articles 14 (right to equality), 19(1) (g) [freedom of trade], 21 (right to life or other fundamental rights guaranteed under the Constitution. The legalization of marijuana can help create jobs, battle stress, improve human concentration, resolve medical problems and provide sustainable agricultural incomes, among other things. Given India’s production capacity of cannabis, the government stands to benefit in terms of tax. Arguments against legalisation: Dependency disorders: The International Classification of Diseases, Diagnostic, and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders has classified cannabis as an addictive substance, capable of causing dependency disorders. While the supporters of marijuana claim that ‘only’ nine per cent of marijuana users become clinically dependent on the substance, the opposers use the same figure to substantiate the existence of clinical dependency on the drug. Withdrawal symptoms: There is considerable emphasis on withdrawal symptoms of marijuana, which include irritability, sleeping issues and dysphoria. For the users who try to quit the consumption, only 71 per cent of those succeed in quitting. Insufficient studies to claim benefits: The NDPS Act was a result of an elongated international pressure driven by the UN’s Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs, 1961. There exists no statistical proof to verify the significance of cannabis over regularly available drugs. It is admitted that cannabis is effective in reducing pain, but it is less safe than the approved opiates. Psychotic disorders: Marijuana users are at a greater risk of being diagnosed with chronic psychotic disorders including schizophrenia. Marijuana addicts often show impaired neural connectivity. The opposers argue that smoking marijuana increases the risk of bronchitis and pneumonia. Judicial pronouncements judgements related to it: In Arjun Singh vs the State of Haryana, the Chandigarh High Court observed that bhang is not cannabis (hemp) under the provisions given under NDPS Act although it is a cannabis plant. Thus, it is not necessarily unlawful to eat cannabis. In 2019, the Delhi High Court agreed to listen to the petition made by the Great Legalisation Movement India Trust that challenged the ban on cannabis stating that the NDPS Act’s restrictions are arbitrary, unscientific, and unreasonable. Way Forward: Thus, legalizing marijuana can help reduce addictive behavior by erasing the stigma around it. However, there is no scientific study yet to conclusively prove that legalizing cannabis leads to a healthier relationship with drugs and substance abuse. Source:  The Hindu Expansion of the Digital India Programme Syllabus  Mains – GS 2 (Governance) Context: The Union Cabinet Approved the five year extension and expansion of the Digital India programme with an outlay of ₹14,903 crore. About Digital India program: The Digital India program was launched on July 1, 2015, by the Government of India. The program aims to transform India into a digitally empowered society and knowledge economy. It seeks to harness the potential of information technology and digital platforms to provide government services to citizens, promote digital literacy, and foster innovation and entrepreneurship. Features of the programme: Broadband Connectivity: Expanding high-speed internet connectivity to rural and remote areas is essential to bridge the digital divide. This initiative aims to provide equal access to information and opportunities for citizens across the country, regardless of their geographical location. Digital Infrastructure: Developing robust digital infrastructure, including data centres, cloud platforms, and networks, is the foundation of a digitally-driven nation. This infrastructure supports various digital services, applications, and platforms, enabling efficient data storage, processing, and sharing. e-Governance: Transitioning government services and benefits to electronic platforms improves efficiency, transparency, and accessibility. Citizens can access services online, reducing paperwork, eliminating intermediaries, and enhancing the overall service delivery experience. Digital Literacy: Promoting digital literacy is crucial, especially in rural areas where many citizens might not be familiar with digital tools. Digital literacy campaigns and training programs help individuals gain the skills needed to navigate the digital landscape effectively. Public Internet Access: Establishing Common Service Centers (CSCs) in rural areas provides public Internet access and government services under one roof. These centers act as touchpoints for citizens to avail of various digital services without having to travel to urban centers. Digital Payment Systems: Promoting digital payment systems is a significant step towards reducing cash transactions, promoting transparency, and formalizing the economy. Platforms like BHIM and UPI have revolutionized the way transactions are conducted. Digital Identity: Aadhaar, a biometric identification system, provides citizens with a unique digital identity. This identity simplifies access to government services, eliminates duplications, and enhances the efficiency of service delivery. Startup and Innovation: Fostering a conducive environment for startups and innovation in the technology sector drives economic growth and creates job opportunities. Initiatives like “Startup India” encourage entrepreneurship and technological advancement. Significance of Digital India Empowering citizen: Digital India is empowering the common citizen. It has enabled people’s access to the government system, made services and processes transparent, non-discriminatory, and attacked corruption. Supports Various Schemes: It has benefitted various schemes, launched after Digital India, including Diksha, eNAM, eSanjeevani solution for telemedicine, DigiBunai and PM SVANidhi scheme. Services to citizens made easy: Getting Driving licence, birth certificate, paying electricity bill, paying water bill, filing income tax return, have become very easy, very fast with the help of Digital India. All this is happening in villages, in Common Service Centres (CSCs) near people’s homes. Internet in Remote areas: 2.5 lakh CSCs had helped take the Internet to remote areas. Under Bharat Net scheme, work is underway on a mission mode to bring broadband internet to the villages. Digilocker: It has helped millions of people especially during the pandemic by providing a digital storage facility for school certificates, medical documents and other important certificates. PM Kisan Samman Nidhi: Rs 1.35 lakh crore have been deposited directly into the bank account of more than 10 crore farmer families, and that Digital India has realized the spirit of One Nation, One MSP. One Nation One-Ration Card: The Supreme Court asked all the states to implement the initiative. This initiative is benefitting people who travel to other states for work. PM WANI: Access points are being created so that rural youth can connect with high-speed internet for better services and education. In addition, 5G technology will bring significant changes in the world, and India is preparing itself to make the most of this opportunity. Major Challenges faced by Digital India Mission: The internet speed is slow as compared to the speed in other developed nations. The MSMEs struggle adapting to the technology. High initial set up cost and maintenance issues Growing Cyber threats and crimes. Limited capability of poor quality, entry-level smartphones for smooth internet access. Lack of skilled manpower in the field of digital technology. Lack of oversight over authority dealing with digital governance initiatives. Language Barriers in the rural areas Suggestive measures: Infrastructure Investment: Continued investment in digital infrastructure is crucial to ensure that connectivity reaches all corners of the country. This includes expanding broadband networks, improving mobile coverage, and establishing data centers that can support the increasing demand for digital services. Digital Skill Training: Focusing on digital literacy and training across all age groups is essential. Educational programs and workshops should be designed to equip citizens with the skills needed to effectively use digital tools and platforms. This empowers individuals to participate more fully in the digital economy. Cybersecurity Measures: Enhancing cybersecurity measures and data protection is paramount as digital interactions increase. This involves developing strong encryption standards, promoting safe online practices, and implementing regulations that safeguard user data and privacy. Local Language Content: Creating digital content in various languages is critical to ensuring that digital services are accessible to all citizens, regardless of their linguistic background. This includes translating government websites, applications, and other content into regional languages. Way Forward: Digital India has played a crucial role in citizen services. The movement will be taken forward by leveraging futuristic technologies like Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and blockchain. In India, on one side there’s a zeal for innovation and on the other, there’s a passion to adopt those innovations quickly. Thus, the data and demographic dividend collectively offers huge potential. Source:   The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1) Consider the following pairs: Dam Location 1.Pong Himachal Pradesh 2.Srisailam Karnataka 3.Nagarjuna Sagar Dam Tamil Nadu How many of the above pairs are correctly matched? Only one Only two All three None Q2) Consider the following statements Statement-I: Graphene is used in medical fields for drug delivery and biosensors. Statement-II: Copper conducts electricity better than graphene. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Q3) Consider the following statements Statement-I: Technology Development Fund (TDF) scheme was launched in 2022. Statement-II: To be eligible under the scheme the industry has to be owned and controlled by an Indian citizen. Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements? Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I Statement-I is correct but Statement II is incorrect Statement-I is incorrect but Statement II is correct Mains Practice Questions Q.1) The international prohibition of cannabis has failed in every country that has attempted to implement it. It is high time for India to embrace the health, business, and broader societal benefits that legally regulating cannabis can bring. Comment (250 words) Q.2) What are the various challenges faced by the government in the implementation of Digital India Programme? Also, discuss the efforts made to tackle these challenges. (250 words). Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 18th August 2023 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs.st ANSWERS FOR 17th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – d Q.3) – c