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Aug 18, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 17th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) EVOLUTION OF THE WOMAN’S QUESTION IN INDIA Syllabus Mains – GS 1 & GS 2 Context: A number of recent incidents, including the rape and murder of a young woman at R G Kar Medical College and Hospital last week, brought renewed attention to women’s rights issues in India. Background:- The question of women’s rights, including their right to equality, liberty and security, has been a longstanding issue. British Interest in the ‘Woman’s Question’ in India The British were driven by a mix of Western morality, political strategy, and reformist zeal in addressing the ‘woman’s question’ in India. The 1881 Indian census, under Lord Ripon, highlighted a skewed sex ratio due to female foeticide and infanticide. The exploitation and sexualisation of Indian women by the ruling classes of the British through a series of Cantonment Acts for regulating prostitution in the British military bases, exploitation of domestic servants through long hours of work with no/low wages and with no kind of legal protection needs to be taken into account. They perpetrated forced imprisonment and stigmatisation of women in prostitution through the Contagious Diseases Acts (1864-1869), to fight venereal disease in soldiers stationed in territories under British occupation. These laws developed a legacy that had a psychosocial impact on women’s rights, social justice, and the objectification of women’s bodies even today. Social Reforms in India The Bengal Renaissance (late 18th to early 20th century) emerged with the decline of Mughal rule and the East India Company’s rise. Raja Ram Mohan Roy, known as the father of the ‘Indian Renaissance,’ was pivotal in abolishing the practice of Sati in 1829. Swami Dayananda Saraswati founded the Arya Samaj in 1875, advocating for a revival of Vedic values. Activists like Begum Roquiah Sakhawat Hossain and Rukhmabai Raut campaigned against sati and child marriage. Women reformers depended upon their male allies; a fact that has to be closely examined.One can consider in this context the Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act of 1856, which was carried through by Iswar Chandra Vidyasagar, with the help of many women reformers who had no chance of influencing the formative process of legislation. Child Marriage Restraint Act (1929) also known as the Sarda Act, the legislation raised the marriage age to 18 for boys and 14 for girls. Political Representation While several global movements were raising demand for universal adult franchise in the Western countries, Nehru proposed to engage women in the political process, including in franchisee, at the Indian National Congress (INC) meeting in Lucknow in 1937. Of the 299 members of the Constituent Assembly, there were only 15 women, including Sarojini Naidu, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit, Rajkumari Amrit Kaur, Hansa Jivraj Mehta, Durgabai Deshmukh, Renuka Ray, Leela Roy. Dakshayani Velayudhan was the first and only Dalit woman and Begum Aizaz Rasul was the only Muslim representative. Later, in the first Lok Sabha, during 1952-1957, only 4.4 percent of the members were women. As of today, only 14% of Lok Sabha seats and about 11% of Rajya Sabha seats are held by women. 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments (1993): Provided for 33% reservation for women in Panchayati Raj Institutions, increasing grassroots representation. Women’s Reservation Bill: This bill proposes reserving 33% of seats for women in state legislatures and Parliament but faces criticism as mere ‘tokenism.’ Economic Challenges Labour Participation: Women’s Labour Force Participation Rate (LFPR) is about 25% (2022), with a significant gap compared to men. Income Disparity: Women earn about 25-30% less than men, with underrepresentation in high-paid jobs and overrepresentation in low-paid work. Farmer Identity: The definition of a ‘farmer’ often excludes women, and male land ownership dominates. Mental Health: 30% of suicides in India are of women, highlighting the need for better mental health support and data representation. Trends in Education and Skill Gaps Higher Education: Women constitute about 50% of higher education students, but regional disparities exist. Tribal Women Literacy: Literacy among tribal women (59.6% as of 2011) lags behind the general female population (75.6%). Challenges in Schooling: High dropout rates among girls at primary and secondary levels persist, despite schemes like the Mid-Day Meal and Beti Bachao Beti Padhao. Socio-Cultural Issues Caste and Class Discrimination: Even with Untouchability Offences Act, 1955, and the provisions of Articles 15 and 17, besides the SC & ST Prevention of Atrocities Act, the subtle power of caste and class discrimination that works against women has not ended. An example is that of the Devadasi system, where women were institutionalised as a religious and social entity to worship deities in temples. In this regard, the marginalisation and sexual exploitation of devadasis by priests, patrons, and others led to the passing of Devadasi Abolition Act in 1988. Nevertheless, according to data from the National Commission for Women, there were 48,358 devadasis in India in the year 2011. Disability and Marginalisation: About 11.8 million women with disabilities face severe discrimination and marginalization. Sexual Violence: Rape remains a significant issue, with a case reported every 16 minutes (NCRB). Legal frameworks like the Nirbhaya Act (2013) and POCSO Act (2012) exist but stigma and underreporting persist. Workplace Harassment: The Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act (2013) mandates Internal Complaints Committees (ICCs), but issues around implementation and ethics persist. Source: Indian Express FOREVER CHEMICALS Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: In a major breakthrough aimed at managing the long-term environmental impact of anthropogenic activity, American researchers have found a method to be able to trace the origin and the destination of forever chemicals. Background: The researchers opted for a technology known as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. About Forever Chemicals Forever chemicals, also known as PFAS (per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances), are a group of over 9,000 synthetic (man made) chemicals that have been used in various industries since the 1940s. They are called “forever chemicals” because they do not break down easily in the environment or in the human body, leading to their persistence over time. They include a wide range of chemicals, but the most well-known and studied are: Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). Properties and Uses PFAS are known for their strong carbon-fluorine bonds, which give them unique properties such as resistance to heat, water, oil, and stains. These properties make them useful in a wide range of products, including: Nonstick cookware : Teflon and other non-stick coatings often contain PFAS. Water-repellent clothing Stain-resistant fabrics and carpets Food packaging: Some food packaging, like microwave popcorn bags and fast-food wrappers, are coated with PFAS to resist grease. Firefighting foams Cosmetics : PFAS can be found in various cosmetics, including foundations, mascaras, and eye shadows, to make them long-lasting and waterproof. Health Effects Exposure to PFAS can occur through contaminated water, food, air, and consumer products. Over time, these chemicals can accumulate in the body and have been linked to various health issues, including: Increased cholesterol levels Changes in liver enzymes Decreased vaccine response in children Increased risk of kidney and testicular cancer Pregnancy-induced hypertension and preeclampsia Thyroid disease Environmental Impact PFAS contamination is widespread, affecting water sources, soil, and even wildlife. Because they do not degrade easily, they can remain in the environment for thousands of years, posing long-term ecological risks. Source: Down To Earth GROSS ENVIRONMENTAL PRODUCT (GEP) INDEX Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY & ENVIRONMENT Context: Uttarakhand has become the first Indian state to launch a Gross Environment Product Index. Background: It has not just become the first state to launch a GEP Index, but also the first in the world to go beyond ecosystem services to ecosystem growth. Simply put, it does not only calculate what services we get from the environment but also what we put back into the environment. About Gross Environmental Product (GEP) Index The Gross Environmental Product (GEP) Index is an innovative metric designed to measure the environmental health and quality of a region. It goes beyond traditional economic indicators by incorporating ecological factors into its calculations. Purpose and Significance Holistic Measurement: The GEP Index evaluates both the benefits we receive from the environment and the contributions we make to it. This dual approach helps in understanding the overall ecological impact of human activities. Sustainability Focus: By quantifying environmental contributions, the GEP Index aims to promote sustainable practices and policies that enhance ecological health. Components of the GEP Index The GEP Index is based on four main pillars: Air Quality: Measures the quality and cleanliness of the air. Water Resources: Assesses the availability and purity of water bodies. Soil Health: Evaluates soil quality and its ability to support plant life. Forest Cover: Considers the extent and health of forested areas. The formula for the GEP Index is: GEP Index = Air-GEP Index + Water-GEP Index + Soil-GEP Index + Forest-GEP Index To simplify, consider this. When a forest is taken into account, it is not just about counting trees. The (new) trees planted are categorised into three categories with the best (broad-leafed) getting greater weightage than say a (least-preferred) pine. The average survival of trees is considered. The number of trees felled for any reason is deducted and then the GEP is calculated. Such a counting also means that the current methods of calculating forest cover- where anything green counted by a satellite goes- will have to be refined. Similarly, for water, a calculation will have to be made of man-made water conservation, storage methods- for example, how many amrit sarovars were made. This is different from nature’s own methods, eg rain that recharges water bodies. Thus, it measures the contribution of human activities to ecological development. Source: The Week PANAMA CANAL Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: The Panama Canal, a crucial shipping route connecting the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, faces an existential threat from climate change. Background: The canal’s operation depends on large amounts of freshwater. Climate change has led to more frequent droughts, reducing the water levels in these lakes. While droughts are a major concern, excessive rainfall can also cause problems by overflowing the lakes. These challenges highlight the broader impacts of climate change on global infrastructure and the need for adaptive strategies to ensure the continued functionality of such critical routes. About Panama Canal The Panama Canal is a man-made waterway located in Panama, Central America. It connects the Atlantic Ocean (via the Caribbean Sea) to the Pacific Ocean, significantly reducing the travel distance for ships, which would otherwise have to navigate around the southern tip of South America via the Drake Passage or the Strait of Magellan. It cuts across the Isthmus of Panama, a narrow strip of land that separates the two oceans. Importance Global Trade: The canal is a critical conduit for international maritime trade, handling a significant portion of the world’s shipping traffic. Economic Impact: It greatly reduces travel time and fuel costs for ships, enhancing the efficiency of global trade routes. Strategic Value: The canal holds strategic military importance, allowing for rapid naval deployment between the oceans. Features Locks System: The canal’s locks are a system of compartments with gates that function as water elevators, raising ships from sea level to the level of Gatun Lake, which is 26 meters above sea level. Gatun Lake: An artificial lake that forms a major part of the canal, providing the necessary water for the lock operations. Dimensions: The canal is approximately 82 kilometers (51 miles) long, with locks that can accommodate ships up to 366 meters (1,200 feet) in length and 49 meters (160 feet) in width. Expansion: The canal was expanded in 2016 with the addition of a new set of locks, known as the Panama Canal Expansion or the Third Set of Locks, allowing for the passage of larger vessels, known as New Panamax or Neo-Panamax ships. Source: Indian Express UNDERGROUND RESERVOIR OF LIQUID WATER ON MARS Syllabus Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Scientists, analyzing seismic data from NASA’s InSight lander, suggest that a vast reservoir of liquid water may exist deep beneath Mars’ surface within fractured igneous rocks, potentially holding enough to cover the planet in a global ocean. Background: The lander measured seismic data over four years, examining how quakes shook the ground and determining what materials or substances were beneath the surface. Key takeaways New seismic data from NASA’s Insights Lander has discovered that a huge reservoir of liquid water may reside deep under the surface of Mars. Previous studies have established the presence of frozen water at Martian poles and the evidence that water vapour existed in its atmosphere. But this is the first time that liquid water has been found on the planet. Studies have found evidence of water channels and ripples which prove that rivers and lakes did exist on Mars in ancient times. But the planet has been a desert for three billion years as it lost all its water to sun after losing its atmosphere, a protective blanket to life or molecules on surface. As life cannot exist without water, the finding indicates the possibility of discovering habitable environments deep underground. Studying water’s cycle on Mars is critical for the understanding the evolution of its climate, the outer surface and its interiors. About InSight Lander The Interior Exploration using Seismic Investigations, Geodesy and Heat Transport (InSight) was a NASA Discovery Program mission that placed a single geophysical lander on Mars to study its deep interior. Launched on May 5, 2018, and landing on Mars on November 26, 2018, InSight was more than a Mars mission. It addressed one of the most fundamental issues of planetary science: understanding the processes that shaped the rocky planets of the inner solar system (including Earth) more than four billion years ago. Mission ended in December 2022 , but the lander will continue to record seismic waves on the Mars surface for four years. The lander has recorded almost 1,319 quakes and by measuring the speed of seismic waves, the scientists have figured out the kind of material likely to exist underground. Source: Hindustan Times Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements Uttarakhand has become the first Indian state to launch a Gross Environment Product Index. The Gross Environment Product Index evaluates both the benefits we receive from the environment and the contributions we make to it. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) Panama Canal connects Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean White Sea to the Baltic Sea Indian Ocean to the Pacific Ocean Q3.) Consider the following statements about forever chemicals They are known for their strong carbon-fluorine bonds. They do not break down easily in the environment or in the human body. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 16th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 15th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – d Q.3) – c

Aug 17, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 17th August 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

Aug 17, 2024 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP 2024 (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – GS3 Questions [17th August, 2024] – Day 55

Hello Students TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers and is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standards before you write the Mains. You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (9 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal. This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (The RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2025 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here – CLICK HERE To Know More About TLP 2024 (Phase 2) – CLICK HERE To Access Day 55 Questions – CLICK HERE P.S: We would encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best

Aug 16, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 16th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) TRAFFIC AND AIR POLLUTION Syllabus Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: The recent World Air Quality Report stated that India is home to 83 of the 100 most polluted cities in the world. Another report from the British Medical Journal estimated that air pollution led to the deaths of 2.1 million people in India, the second largest numbers after China. Background:- Air pollution, considered the most significant environmental peril to human well-being, is the reason behind one out of every nine global fatalities, approximately. Severity of Air Pollution CO2 Emissions from Road Transport: 12% of India’s CO2 emissions come from road transport. 5 Emissions: Heavy vehicles are the primary contributors to PM2.5 emissions, which can penetrate deep into the lungs, enter the bloodstream, and cause respiratory and cardiovascular issues. Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) Emissions: Heavy vehicles significantly contribute to NOx emissions, leading to ground-level ozone formation and worsening air quality. Measures Taken to Combat Air Pollution from vehicles: Corporate Average Fuel Economy (CAFE) Norms: The Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) is developing CAFE III and IV norms to reduce CO2 emissions from cars by lowering fuel consumption (or improving fuel efficiency) of vehicles. The timelines proposed to implement CAFE III from 2027-2032 and CAFE IV from 2032-2037 are practical. The proposed emissions target for CAFE III based on the WLTP at 91.7g CO2/km and for CAFE IV at 70g CO2/km is achievable. The commitment to shift from the Modified India Driving Cycle (MIDC) to the World Light Duty Vehicle Testing Procedure (WLTP) from March 31, 2027, is excellent because the WLTP offers a more accurate and globally harmonised measure of a vehicle’s actual fuel consumption and CO2 emissions. The CAFE norms however exclude emissions by heavy vehicles such as trucks, lorries, and other freight vehicles. Vehicle Scrappage Policy (2022): The government introduced a vehicle scrappage policy to phase out old and polluting vehicles, including heavy vehicles in 2022. It mandates that passenger vehicles older than 20 years and commercial vehicles older than 15 years must pass a fitness and emissions test. If vehicles fail the mandatory tests, they are categorised as end-of-life vehicles, and will lose their registration certificate, and are recommended to be scrapped. Additional Recommendations Expand Vehicle Scrappage Policy: Address implementation challenges, such as the limited number of scrapyards and the voluntary nature of the policy. Stringent Implementation of Existing Policies: Ensure strict enforcement of vehicle emissions testing, bans on open garbage burning, and regulation of industrial emissions. Promote Mass Transit: Mass transit should be prioritized as a sustainable solution to reduce air pollution in India. Source: Hindu HIMALAYAN TOWNS AND NEED FOR A DIFFERENT KIND OF DEVELOPMENT Syllabus Mains – GS 1 & GS 2 Context: The Indian Himalayan Range (IHR), comprising 11 States and two Union Territories, had a decadal urban growth rate of more than 40% from 2011 to 2021. Towns have expanded, and more urban settlements are developing. Disasters are following. Background: Himalaya’s towns urgently need carrying capacity-based development plans. Challenges in IHR Towns Civic Issues: Most Himalayan towns, including state capitals like Srinagar, Guwahati, Shillong, and Shimla, struggle with managing sanitation, solid and liquid waste, and water. Inadequate Planning: Planning institutions often use models copied from the plains, which are ineffective in the Himalayan context. Additionally, city governments face a 75% shortage of human resources. Urban Expansion: Cities like Srinagar and Guwahati are expanding into peripheries, leading to encroachment on open spaces, forests, and watersheds. For example, in Srinagar, land use changes between 2000 and 2020 showed a 75.58% increase, with a significant loss of water bodies. Environmental Impact: Nearly 90% of liquid waste enters water bodies untreated, exacerbating pollution and environmental degradation. Causes of the Challenges Urbanization and Tourism Pressure: The IHR faces growing pressure from urbanization, high-intensity tourism, unsustainable infrastructure development, and resource overuse, compounded by climate change. Environmental Degradation: These pressures lead to water scarcity, deforestation, land degradation, biodiversity loss, and increased pollution. Tourism Growth: Tourism in the IHR has expanded with an anticipated average annual growth rate of 7.9% from 2013 to 2023, often replacing eco-friendly infrastructure with inappropriate and unsustainable developments. Recommendations for Improvement Localized Planning: Towns need to be mapped for geological and hydrological vulnerabilities, with urban planning guided by climate resilience and local input. Bottom-up Approach: Planning should involve locals and move away from consultant-driven processes to ensure relevance and sustainability. Financial Support: None of the cities in the IHR can generate capital for their infrastructure needs. The Finance Commission must include a separate chapter on urban financing for the IHR. Current intergovernmental transfers from the centre to urban local bodies constitute a mere 0.5% of GDP; this should be increased to at least 1%. Focus on Sustainability: Engage in broader discussions on sustainability, emphasizing eco-centric planning and public participation for urban development in the IHR. Source: Hindu KURDS AND CONFLICTS IN WEST ASIA Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: Turkiye and Iraq agreed on a military cooperation pact recently that will see joint training and command centres against Kurdish separatists. Background: Kurds are one of the Middle East’s largest ethnic groups of between 25 and 35 million people but without a state. Although Kurdish nationalism is a century-old phenomenon, compared to world attention on Palestine, the conflict-prone zone in the Middle East disallowed it to become a global concern. Brief History of the Kurdish Question Term “Kurdistan”: First used in the 12th century by the Saljuqs as a geographical term. Kurds are mainly followers of Sunni Islam but they have a strong ethnic identity and therefore certain cultural identity supersedes the political project of religious nationalism. Population Distribution: Turkey has the largest Kurdish population (43%), followed by Iran (31%), Iraq (18%), Syria (6%), and former Soviet states which includes Armenia and Azerbaijan (2%). The particularity of Kurdish nationalism or Kurdish nationalist movement, which was a direct consequence of the collapse of the Ottoman Empire in the early 20th century, is that it is not the product of an independence war against the occupation, nor the issue of resistance to colonialism, but an immediate and direct challenge to the newly founded or constructed nation-states. Resultantly, in the absence of a nation-state, Kurds remain scattered across different locations. Country-Specific Context Turkey Constitutional Restrictions: The 1982 Turkish constitution prohibits any activity contrary to Turkish national interests, including Kurdish autonomy. Demographics: Unofficial estimates suggest Kurds make up 20% of Turkey’s population, with the largest concentration in Diyarbakır, a conflict hotspot. EU Membership Pressure: The Kurdish question became a key issue in Turkey’s bid for EU membership. Iran Population: Kurds make up 8% of Iran’s population, mostly living in the northwest. Historical Struggles: Discrimination persisted during both the Shah period and after the 1979 revolution, despite initial Kurdish support for Ayatollah Khomeini. Post-revolution, Khomeini opposed ethnic-based autonomy, leading to a call for jihad against Kurds. Syria Kurds constitute 10% of Syria’s population, primarily in the northeast. Iraq The demand for separation by Iraqi Kurds has received international attention compared to their counterparts in Turkey, Syria and Iran.Iraqi Kurds constitute a greater proportion of population than any other state they inhabit. On March 11, 1970, a Peace Accord was signed between Iraqi Kurds and the rest of Iraq that allowed the Kurdish language to function as the official language in areas with a Kurdish majority; and many other frameworks of peace including their political participation. The 2017 Iraqi Kurdish Referendum: An independence referendum for theKurdistan Region of Iraq was held on 2017. Despite reporting that the independence referendum would be non-binding, the autonomous Kurdistan Regional Government (KRG) characterised it as binding, although they claimed that an affirmative result would trigger the start of state building and negotiations with Iraq rather than an immediate declaration of independence of Kurdistan. The referendum’s legality was rejected by the federal government of The referendum raised alarms in neighboring countries (Turkey, Iran, Syria) and among international organizations. The Kurdish question remains unresolved, with aspirations for statehood continuing to face significant regional and international challenges. Source: Indian Express MPOX Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, World Health Organization (WHO) declared mpox a global public health emergency for second time in two years. Background: The declaration followed an outbreak of the viral infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo that has spread to neighbouring countries. Key takeaways: Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox is caused by the monkeypox virus, which belongs to the same family as the virus that causes smallpox. It is endemic, or found regularly, in parts of Central and West Africa. The virus that causes mpox has been found insmall rodents, monkeys, and other mammals that live in these areas. Key Points: There are two types ofMonkeypox virus: clade I and clade II. Clade Icauses more severe illness and deaths. Some outbreaks have killed up to 10% of the people who get sick, although more recent outbreaks have had lower death rates. Clade I is endemic to Central Africa. Clade IIis the type that caused the global outbreak that began in 2022. Infections from clade II mpox are less severe. More than 99.9% of people survive. Clade II is endemic to West Africa. Symptoms: Common symptoms include a rash that goes through several stages before healing, fever, swollen lymph nodes, muscle aches, and fatigue. Transmission: The virus spreads through direct contact with infectious lesions, contaminated objects, and respiratory droplets from close contact. It can also spread from animals to humans. Severity: While most people recover fully, severe cases can occur, especially in children, people with weakened immune systems, and those with a history of eczema. Prevention: Preventive measures include avoiding close contact with infected individuals or animals, practicing good hygiene, and getting vaccinated if recommended. Global Impact: Mpox was declared a global health emergency by the World Health Organization in 2022 due to its widespread outbreak. Global Public Health Emergency A global public health emergency is a formal declaration by the World Health Organization (WHO) that signals a serious, sudden, unusual, or unexpected health event that requires immediate international action. This declaration is intended to mobilize resources, coordinate international response efforts, and raise awareness about the health threat. Source: Reuters GALLANTRY AWARDS Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: On the eve of Independence Day 2024, President Droupadi Murmu approved 103 gallantry awards, including four Kirti Chakras and 18 Shaurya Chakras. Background: Post-independence, first three gallantry awards namely Param Vir Chakra, Maha Vir Chakra and Vir Chakra were instituted by the Government of India on 26th January, 1950 which were deemed to have effect from the 15th August, 1947. Gallantry awards Gallantry awards are prestigious honours bestowed upon individuals, particularly members of the armed forces, police, and other security personnel, for acts of exceptional bravery, courage, and valour displayed in the face of danger or during active combat. Gallantry Awards are a recognition of the extraordinary bravery and selflessness exhibited by the awardees. These awards recognize and celebrate the extraordinary acts of heroism and selflessness that contribute to the safety and security of the nation. Gallantry awards are announced twice a year, on Republic Day (January 26) and Independence Day (August 15). Gallantry Awards are not limited to military personnel; they are also given to civilians who exhibit extraordinary bravery and selflessness. In India, these awards recognize acts of valour in both wartime and peacetime scenarios. Types of Gallantry Awards: Param Vir Chakra: The highest military decoration in India, awarded for the most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self-sacrifice, in the presence of the enemy. Maha Vir Chakra: The second-highest military decoration, awarded for acts of conspicuous gallantry in the presence of the enemy. Vir Chakra: The third-highest military decoration, awarded for acts of gallantry in the presence of the enemy. Ashoka Chakra: Awarded for valour, courageous action, or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield. It is the highest peacetime gallantry award in India. Kirti Chakra: The second-highest peacetime gallantry award. Shaurya Chakra: The third-highest peacetime gallantry award. Source: Economic Times CENTRAL WATER COMMISSION Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Central Water Commission has launched an updated version of the ‘FloodWatch India’ app. Background: CWC is responsible for the control, conservation, and utilization of water resources across India. About Central Water Commission (CWC) The Central Water Commission (CWC) is a premier technical organization in India, specializing in water resources. It presently functions as an attached office of the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation, Government of India. Formation: Established in 1945 as the Central Waterways, Irrigation, and Navigation Commission (CWINC) on the advice of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Evolution: It was later merged with the Central Electricity Commission to form the Central Water and Power Commission (CW&PC). In 1974, the water wing became the Central Water Commission (CWC) and the power wing became the Central Electricity Authority (CEA). Key Functions and Responsibilities Water Resource Planning: Assists states in water resources planning and development. Prepares national water policies and guidelines for water management. Supports the formulation of water resource projects, including irrigation, hydropower, flood control, and drinking water supply. Design and Consultancy Services: Provides technical designs for major water resources structures like dams, canals, and barrages. Offers consultancy services to state governments and other agencies on complex water resources projects. Project Monitoring and Appraisal: Evaluates and monitors water resources projects to ensure compliance with technical standards, environmental guidelines, and financial viability. Appraises projects submitted by states for central funding. Flood Forecasting and Management: Operates the national flood forecasting network, providing real-time flood forecasts for major river basins. Supports states in preparing and implementing flood management strategies, including the construction of flood control structures. Hydrological Observations and Data Management: Manages a network of hydrological observation stations across the country to collect data on river flows, sediment transport, and water quality. Provides data and information for planning, research, and decision-making. Inter-State Water Disputes: Provides technical assistance and data to various tribunals and committees involved in resolving inter-state water disputes. Facilitates negotiations and agreements between states on sharing river waters. Research and Development: Conducts research on various aspects of water resources management, including hydrology, dam safety, and river engineering. Collaborates with national and international institutions on water-related research projects. River Basin Management: Promotes integrated river basin management approaches, considering the holistic development and management of water resources within river basins. Prepares basin-wide plans for sustainable water resources management. Organizational Structure: Chairman: The CWC is headed by a Chairman, who holds the status of Ex-Officio Secretary to the Government of India. Wings: The work is divided into three main wings: Designs and Research (D&R) Wing River Management (RM) Wing Water Planning and Projects (WP&P) Wing Source: PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements Central Water Commission (CWC) is as an attached office of the Ministry of Jal Shakti, Department of Water Resources, River Development and Ganga Rejuvenation. Central Water Commission (CWC) has developed FloodWatch India mobile application to disseminate information related to flood situation in the country and provide flood forecasts up to 7 days on a real-time basis to the public. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) Consider the following statements about the Mpox? Mpox is a viral illness caused by the monkeypox virus. World Health Organization has declared mpox as a global public health emergency. Which of the statements given above is/are not correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) Which among the following is the highest peacetime gallantry award in India? Param Vir Chakra Vir Chakra Ashoka Chakra Kirti Chakra Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 16th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 15th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – d Q.3) – c

Aug 16, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 15th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) JOINT PARLIAMENTARY COMMITTEE (JPC) Syllabus Prelims & Mains – POLITY Context: The Opposition has demanded a Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) to investigate the Hindenburg Research allegations against Sebi chairperson Madhabi Puri Buch. Background:- Citing documents from whistleblowers, Hindenburg claimed that Sebi chief and her husband had made investments, dating back to 2015, in offshore funds in Bermuda and Mauritius linked to entities allegedly used by the Adani Group to manipulate financial markets. About Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) Formation and Composition: A JPC is an ad hoc body comprising members from both Houses of Parliament, roughly in proportion to party strengths in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Lok Sabha’s representation is usually double that of Rajya Sabha. Acts as a mini Parliament, tasked with scrutinizing specific matters within a specific timeframe. Setup Process: Joint committees are established by a motion passed in one House and agreed to by the other. Parliament decides on the details of membership and subjects for a JPC. Powers and Functions: Can access documents and examine officials from any concerned ministry or institution. Members can submit dissenting notes if they disagree with the majority. The government decides whether to act on JPC recommendations. The government may launch investigations on the basis of a JPC report. Government, in any case, must report on the follow-up action taken based on the committee’s recommendations. Based on the government’s action, the JPC submits an ‘Action Taken Report’ to Parliament, which can be discussed, allowing the Opposition to question the government. Significance for Opposition: Provides access to all details of an alleged scams. Ensures the issue remains in the public eye, creating political pressure on the government. Notable Financial Investigations by JPC 2G Spectrum Scam (2013): The JPC report absolved PM Manmohan Singh, stating he was misled by the Department of Telecommunications. Criticized by the opposition, which rejected the report as a cover-up. Disagreed with the CAG’s calculation of revenue loss, citing policy consistency. Share Market Scam (2001): Involved Ketan Parekh and the Madhavpura Mercantile Cooperative Bank (MMCB). Parekh accused of using MMCB funds to manipulate share prices. The JPC recommended sweeping changes in stock market regulations; however, they were not fully implemented. Securities & Banking Transactions (1992): Focused on Harshad Mehta’s diversion of funds, causing a major financial scandal. Led to significant legal action, including the CBI filing 72 charges and Mehta’s conviction. JPC recommendations were not fully implemented. Other Investigations: The Bofors scam JPC and the VVIP AgustaWestland chopper scam JPC (2013) were significant, though the latter didn’t proceed due to the BJP’s non-participation. Source: Indian Express ISSUE OF STRUCTURAL UNEMPLOYMENT Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: According to the Periodic Labour Force Survey, the unemployment rate declined from 6 per cent in 2017-18 to 3.2 percent in 2022-23. Background: Unemployment, especially youth unemployment, has emerged as a major concern for the Indian economy. Measuring employment and unemployment Economists divide the population into labour force and not in labour force. Labour Force: Includes working-age individuals (e.g., 15-60 years). Non-Labour Force: Includes children and retired/old-age population. Within the labour force, the population is divided into employed and unemployed. Labour Force Categories: Employed: Individuals with work. Unemployed: Individuals willing to work but unable to find jobs. Key Economic Indicators: Labour Force Participation Rate: Ratio of the labour force to the adult population. Unemployment Rate: Percentage of the labour force that is unemployed. Surveys in India: The National Sample Survey Organisation (NSSO) conducted quinquennial (once in five years) surveys on employment & unemployment since 1972. These surveys had a large time lag and there was a need for a higher frequency survey and timely response by the government to address unemployment. Since 2017-18, the Ministry of Statistics and Programme Implementation (MOSPI) releases quarterly and annual surveys through the Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS). PLFS Findings: 2017-18: Overall unemployment rate at 6%, youth unemployment (ages 15-29) at 18%. 2022-23: Overall unemployment rate at 3.2%, youth unemployment at 10%. Rural-Urban Divide: Rural youth unemployment at 8%, urban youth unemployment at 15.7%. Male youth unemployment: 9.7%, female youth unemployment: 10%. Male labour force participation increased slightly from 55.5% to 56.2% over the same period. Female labour force participation increased from 17% (2017-18) to 27.8% (2022-23). The lower representation of females in the labour force is also a major problem for the Indian economy. Types of Unemployment Frictional Unemployment: Temporary and occurs as workers search for jobs that match their skills.Frictional unemployment is inevitable and less concerning. Structural Unemployment: Occurs when the supply of jobs is less than the demand. Addressing Structural Unemployment Economic Shifts: Agriculture’s share in GDP has decreased from 60% (1951) to 15% today, but employment in agriculture remains high. Agriculture suffers from disguised unemployment where more people are employed than required as opportunities are not available in other sectors. Growth sectors like industry and services have not created proportional employment opportunities, showing the structural unemployment problem in India. Structural unemployment needs to be addressed on both demand and supply fronts. While there is a need to create a supply of more jobs in growth sectors, there is also a need to work on demand factors by improving education and skill-sets of labour enabling them to work in the higher growth sectors. Government Initiatives: Union Budget 2024 prioritizes ‘Employment & Skilling’ with three key schemes targeting formal sector employment and manufacturing. Focus on upgrading Industrial Training Institutes, providing skill loans, and facilitating internships with top companies. Female Labour Force Participation: Government to develop hostels and creches for working women and organize women-specific skilling programs. India has struggled with structural unemployment for years. New policies have been introduced, but their success depends on effective implementation. Source: Indian Express LEAD-UP TO INDIA’S INDEPENDENCE AND PARTITION Syllabus Prelims & Mains – HISTORY Context: As the country celebrates its independence, lets have a look at histories significant moments including partition. Background: The partition led to massive population exchanges, communal violence, and a humanitarian crisis, as millions of Hindus, Muslims, and Sikhs found themselves on the wrong side of the newly drawn borders India’s Role in World War II and Its Path to Independence India’s Strategic Importance: During World War II, India was vital to British defence in the Middle East and Southeast Asia. British Prime Minister Winston Churchill, a staunch imperialist, aimed to leverage India’s resources while maintaining strict control. However, within his War Cabinet, there was a division, with Sir Stafford Cripps representing the Labour Party’s more progressive stance, which favoured India’s independence. Cripps Mission (1942): Sent to India offering post-war dominion status with conditions, including the possibility of provinces seceding – implicitly recognising the Muslim League’s demand for Pakistan. Congress rejected the offer, leading to a breakdown in British-Indian relations. Impact of World War II: Japan’s advances in Southeast Asia undermined British prestige. International pressure, especially from the U.S., pushed Britain towards decolonisation. Britain’s economic weakening and political pressure led to a shift in policy. The Labour government (1945) leaned towards Indian independence but was cautious about full control relinquishment. The Hindu-Muslim Divide: The process of partition in India was fundamentally driven by the deepening Hindu-Muslim divide. The Lahore Resolution (1940) by the Muslim League marked the demand for a separate nation, positioning Jinnah as the leader of Indian Muslims. Jinnah’s rejection of the Cripps proposal underscored his demand for Muslim self-determination. As the Congress launched the Quit India Movement, the British found allies in Jinnah and the Muslim League. Churchill used Hindu-Muslim tensions to justify British rule. Political Negotiations and Failures: Throughout the 1940s, Congress made several attempts to address Muslim demands through high-level negotiations. Rajaji Formula (1944): Proposed a plebiscite in Muslim-majority districts to decide on joining Pakistan; rejected by Jinnah. Simla Conference (1945): In 1945, Viceroy Lord Wavell attempted to form a coalition government with Congress and the Muslim League. Simla Conference, convened to discuss the formation of an all-Indian executive council, failed because Jinnah insisted on the Muslim League’s exclusive right to nominate Muslim members. Congress rejected this demand. Rise of the Muslim League: The Muslim League expanded its support base beyond the aristocracy to include professionals and religious leaders. 1946 Elections, seen as a plebiscite for Pakistan, the Muslim League won decisively in Muslim-majority provinces. The Congress also secured a popular mandate, winning majorities in most provinces except Bengal, Sind, and Punjab. 1946 elections marginalised other political parties, including the Communist Party, Hindu Mahasabha, and Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s All India Scheduled Castes Federation. The election results were interpreted as a popular endorsement of the Muslim League’s demand for Pakistan, and set the stage for the eventual partition. Shift in British Policy: British PM Clement Attlee recognized the untenable nature of continued British rule in India. He cited several factors: the lack of sufficient administrative machinery, military commitments elsewhere, opposition within the Labour Party, questionable loyalty among Indian troops, and the reluctance of British forces to serve in India. The Cabinet Mission (1946) was sent to negotiate the terms of Independence. The proposal of the Mission rejected the idea of a sovereign Pakistan, but offered a compromise in the form of a loose federal structure with groupings of provinces. This structure would allow provinces to opt out of groups after 10 years but not from the Union. The Mission’s goal was to grant independence, either within or outside the British Commonwealth, based on the Indian people’s choice. While the Muslim League insisted on the formation of Pakistan, Congress demanded complete independence for a united India. The Mission’s failure to secure a consensus further hastened the inevitability of partition, as the political situation in India became increasingly volatile. Mountbatten Plan : The Plan, announced on June 3, 1947, outlined several key points. The legislative assemblies of Punjab and Bengal were to meet in separate groups of Hindus and Muslims to vote on partition. If a simple majority in either group voted in favour of partition, the respective provinces would be divided. In the event of partition, two dominions and two constituent assemblies would be established. Sindh was allowed to make its own decision, and referendums were to be held in the North-West Frontier Province (NWFP) and the Sylhet district of Bengal to determine their fate. The Mountbatten Plan essentially conceded the Muslim League’s demand for Pakistan while attempting to retain as much unity as possible. Indian Independence Act (1947): On July 5, 1947, the British Parliament passed the Indian Independence Act, based on the Mountbatten Plan, and it received royal assent on July 18, 1947. The Act was implemented on August 15, 1947. Created two independent dominions, India and Pakistan.Each dominion was to have a Governor-General responsible for the effective operation of the Act. The Constituent Assembly of each dominion was to exercise legislative powers. Until a new constitution was adopted by each dominion, the governments were to function according to the Government of India Act, 1935. Source: Indian Express JIYO PARSI SCHEME Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Minister for Minority Affairs recently launched the Jiyo Parsi Scheme portal. Background: This portal aims to address the declining population of the Parsi community in India by providing financial assistance for medical treatments, childcare, and support for dependent elderly through a Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) mode. Key takeaways: The Jiyo Parsi Scheme was initiated by the Ministry of Minority Affairs in 2013 to address the declining population of the Parsi community in India. Parsis (Zoroastrians) are among the six religious communities notified as minority communities by the Union Government, along with Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, Buddhists, and Jains. The Jiyo Parsi Scheme is a Central Sector Scheme, meaning it is fully funded by the central government. Objectives Stabilize Population: Arrest the declining trend of the Parsi population through structured interventions. Increase Birth Rate: Encourage Parsi couples to have more children. Components Advocacy Component: Includes workshops and advertisement campaigns to create awareness. Health of the Community Component: Covers childcare and creche support, assistance to the elderly, etc. Medical Component: Provides financial assistance for the detection and treatment of infertility and fertility treatments. Financial Assistance The scheme offers cash assistance to encourage Parsi couples to have children, applicable to all couples irrespective of their financial status. It has resulted in 214 births over five years through assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Source: PIB FLOOD WATCH INDIA MOBILE APPLICATION Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, the Union Minister for Jal Shakti launched the Version 2.0 of the ‘FloodWatch India’ mobile application. Background: FloodWatch India was developed by the Central Water Commission (CWC). About FloodWatch India App The FloodWatch India app was first introduced by the Central Water Commission (CWC) on August 17, 2023. App Features Real-time Flood Information: Provides flood situation updates and forecasts up to 7 days in advance. User-Friendly Interface: Available in readable and audio formats in English and Hindi. Real-time Monitoring: Users can check up-to-date flood situations across the country. Data Sources: Utilizes near real-time river flow data from various sources. Location-Based Forecasts: Offers flood forecasts at the nearest location, accessible from the Home Page. State-wise/Basin-wise Forecasts: Provides flood forecasts (up to 24 hours) or advisories (up to 7 days) by selecting specific stations, states, or basins. Advanced Technologies: Uses satellite data analysis, mathematical modeling, and real-time monitoring for accurate forecasts. New Features in FloodWatch India 2.0 Expanded Monitoring: Includes information from an additional 392 flood monitoring stations, totalling 592 stations. Reservoir Information: Provides data on the storage positions of 150 major reservoirs, aiding in understanding potential downstream flood situations. Source: DECCAN HERALD Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Jiyo Parsi Scheme, consider the following statements: The Jiyo Parsi Scheme was initiated by the Ministry of Minority Affairs in 2013 to address the declining population of the Parsi community in India. The Jiyo Parsi Scheme is a Central Sector Scheme. The scheme offers cash assistance to encourage Parsi couples to have children, applicable to all couples irrespective of their financial status. How many of the above given statements are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q2.) With reference to the FloodWatch India mobile application, consider the following statements: It was developed by the Central Water Commission. It provides flood situation updates and forecasts up to 7 days in advance. It is available in readable and audio formats in English and Hindi. How many of the statements given above are not correct? Only one Only two All three None Q3.) Consider the following statements about Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) A JPC is an ad hoc body comprising members from both Houses of Parliament, roughly in proportion to party strengths in Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. Joint committees are established by a motion passed in one House and agreed to by the other. Which of the statements given above is/are correct 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 15th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 14th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – c Q.3) – a

Aug 16, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 16th August 2024

Aug 16, 2024 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP 2024 (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – GS3 Questions [16th August, 2024] – Day 54

Hello Students TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers and is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standards before you write the Mains. You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (9 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal. This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (The RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2025 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here – CLICK HERE To Know More About TLP 2024 (Phase 2) – CLICK HERE To Access Day 54 Questions – CLICK HERE P.S: We would encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best

Aug 15, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 15th August 2024

Aug 15, 2024 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP 2024 (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – GS3 Questions [15th August, 2024] – Day 53

Hello Students TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers and is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standards before you write the Mains. You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (9 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal. This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (The RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2025 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here – CLICK HERE To Know More About TLP 2024 (Phase 2) – CLICK HERE To Access Day 53 Questions – CLICK HERE P.S: We would encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best

Aug 14, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 14th August 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) TUNGABHADRA Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: A flood alert has been sounded downstream of the Tungabhadra dam in Karnataka’s Koppal district after one of the crest gates of the massive stone masonry dam across the Tungabhadra river was washed away. Background:- Repairs to restore gate can be carried out only after two-thirds of the dam is emptied. About Tungabhadra river and dam The Tungabhadra River originates in Karnataka and flows primarily through the state before entering Andhra Pradesh, where it eventually merges with the Krishna River. The river Tungabhadra derives its name from two streams viz., the Tunga, and the Bhadra which rise in the Western Ghats. The river after the confluence of the two streams near Shimoga, runs for about 531 km till it joins the river Krishna at Sangamaleshwaram in Andhra Pradesh. It runs for 382 km in Karnataka, forms the boundary between Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh for 58 km and further runs for the next 91 km in Andhra Pradesh. The confluence of Tungabhadra and Krishna River is a holy pilgrimage site – The Sangameswaram Temple. Hampi one of the important heritage locations being listed by UNESCO is on the banks of the Tunga Bhadra River. Nava Brindavan, an island where the final resting location of nine holy Madhva saints is in the midst of the Tunga Bhadra River. It is influenced chiefly by the South-West monsoon. It is a perennial river but the summer flows dwindle to as low as 2.83 to 1.42 cumec. Tungabhadra Dam The Tungabhadra reservoir sprawls over an area of 378 sq km primarily in Karnataka’s Vijayanagar district. It is one of the major reservoirs in South India that supplies water for irrigation and industrial use, as well as drinking water to Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The dam was first conceived of in 1860 to mitigate the impact of recurrent famine in Rayalaseema. Construction was begun by the erstwhile governments of Hyderabad and Madras in 1945, and the project was completed in 1953. The Tungabhadra Board was established by a presidential order in 1953. The Board currently has a chairman appointed by the Union government, and four members, representing the Union government and the states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, and Telangana. The Tungabhadra reservoir and the Mullaperiyar dam in Kerala hold the unique distinction of being the only two reservoirs in the country that were built using a combination of mud and limestone. Source: Indian Express GOVERNANCE IN DELHI Syllabus Prelims & Mains – POLITY Context: The Supreme Court has ruled that the Lieutenant Governor of Delhi can independently nominate 10 aldermen to the Municipal Corporation of Delhi without consulting the council of ministers. This decision has heightened tensions between the Union government, the Delhi government, and the local administration. Background: People of Delhi should get responsible and responsive governance from all three layers of government irrespective of party in power. Evolution of the Delhi Government 1950: At the commencement of the Constitution, Delhi was a Part C State. 1956: During the States Reorganisation, Delhi was made a Union Territory, governed by an administrator. The Municipal Corporation of Delhi (MCD) was established in 1958 and a limited local government was established since 1966. 1991: Following the Balakrishnan Committee’s (1989) recommendations, the 69th Constitutional Amendment provided Delhi with a Legislative Assembly and a council of ministers. However, public order, police, and land remained under Union government control. Government of NCT of Delhi Act, 1991 provided detailed provisions regarding Delhi’s legislature, executive, and administration. Present Issues Political Conflict (2015-Present): Ongoing clashes between the Union government (BJP) and the Delhi government (AAP) over various issues. The judgments of the Supreme Court have resulted in amendments to the Government of NCT of Delhi Act that have curtailed the powers of the elected government in Delhi MCD and Local Governance: Apart from the issues between the Union and the Delhi government, the MCD with its elected representatives add another dimension to the problem as was witnessed in the recent unfortunate loss of lives due to electrocution and flooding in Delhi. Public accountability has been undermined by the blame-shifting among elected officials. Proposed Way Forward As part of its judgment in 2023, the Supreme Court mentioned that there is a triple chain of accountability in a democracy. The officials are accountable to the ministers; the council of ministers are collectively responsible to the legislative assembly; and the legislative assembly members are accountable to the people. The constant tussle between various layers of government ruptures such a chain of accountability. Potential Structural Changes: The NCT of Delhi covers 1,450 sq km, while New Delhi, which houses central government offices and foreign embassies, spans about 50 sq km. For comparison, Washington DC, the U.S. capital district, is 177 sq km. A similar approach could be adopted in India, where 50-100 sq km of New Delhi is placed under complete Central government control, with the remaining areas governed by the Delhi Assembly. Implementing this would require a constitutional amendment. In the meantime, the spirit of the Supreme Court’s 2023 judgment should be upheld. Source: Hindu HOW WILL SHEIKH HASINA’S EXIT IMPACT INDIA Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: After protests in Bangladesh forced former Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina to flee to India, her future remains unclear. While the Modi government has provided her shelter, it is also engaging with the new regime, assessing the impact of Bangladesh’s political changes on India’s relations with the country. Background: India and Bangladesh were creating new milestones in bilateral relationship under former prime minister Sheikh Hasina. Impact of Sheikh Hasina’s Ouster on India Setback for India: Sheikh Hasina’s removal is a significant setback for India, jeopardizing the progress made in economic ties, border security, defense, trade, and connectivity. Transformation Under Hasina Strong Ties with India: Since her 2009 return to office, Hasina prioritized strong relations with India, cracking down on terror camps, campaign against religious radicalisation, addressing border tensions, and extradited over 20 “most wanted” men accused of terrorism and crime to India. In sharp contrast to her predecessor Khaleda Zia’s government, Ms. Hasina also worked on ending border tensions caused by illegal immigration into India.Several border patrolling agreements and the signing of the historic 2015 land boundary agreement followed. Economic and Trade Cooperation: India provided trade concessions and low-interest Lines of Credit, helping Bangladesh transform into a developing country with improved human development indices. Bangladesh has become a lynchpin to India’s regional connectivity plans to Southeast Asia and the Indo-Pacific, and an important buyer of Indian energy off the subcontinental grid. Support on Key Issues: Hasina supported India on various issues, including boycotting SAARC due to terrorism from Pakistan and backing the Citizenship Amendment Act despite protests in Bangladesh. Future Relations with the New Government Engagement with New Regime: India is engaging with the interim government led by Muhammad Yunus, though complications arise due to Hasina’s presence in India and potential future demands for her extradition. Uncertainty with BNP: If the BNP, led by Khaleda Zia, wins future elections, India’s experience could be challenging, given past tensions and increased influence from China and Pakistan. Minority Concerns: Modi’s appeal for the safety of minorities in Bangladesh and the establishment of a committee to maintain communication with Bangladesh to ensure the safety of Indian citizens and people belonging to minority communities may complicate ties with Dhaka further. Changes in Bangladesh’s Foreign Relations Improved U.S. Ties: Relations with the U.S. may improve, as the Hasina government was often at odds with Washington. Shifts with Pakistan and China: Relations with Pakistan may thaw, and China is expected to maintain strong ties with the new government, continuing its influence through the Belt and Road Initiative. Source: Hindu DISTRIBUTED DENIAL-OF-SERVICE (DDOS) ATTACK Syllabus Prelims – SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Context: A conversation between Republican presidential candidate Donald Trump and billionaire Elon Musk on Musk’s social media platform X was disrupted by technical glitches, which Musk attributed to a DDoS attack. Background: The conversation was highly anticipated, marking Trump’s notable return to X after his 2021 ban from Twitter following the Capitol riots. Musk has strongly endorsed Trump as presidential candidate, so bringing the former president onto his platform for a conversation was a move that captured public attention. Key takeaways: A Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) attack is a malicious attempt to disrupt the normal traffic of a targeted server, service, or network by overwhelming it with a flood of internet traffic. How DDoS Attacks Work Botnets: DDoS attacks are typically carried out using networks of internet-connected devices (botnets) that have been infected with malware. These devices, often referred to as bots or zombies, are controlled remotely by the attacker. Traffic Flooding: The attacker directs the botnet to send an overwhelming amount of traffic to the target’s IP address. This can exhaust the target’s bandwidth, RAM, or other resources, causing the system to slow down or crash. Types of DDoS Attacks: Volume-based attacks: These aim to saturate the bandwidth of the target site. Protocol attacks: These focus on exploiting weaknesses in network protocols. Application layer attacks: These target specific applications or services. Identifying a DDoS Attack A sudden slowdown or unavailability of a site or service is a common sign. Other indicators include unusual traffic patterns, such as spikes at odd hours or a flood of traffic from a single IP address. Motivations Behind DDoS Attacks Financial Gain: Attackers may demand ransom to stop the attack. Competitor Sabotage: Businesses may use DDoS attacks to disrupt competitors. Hacktivism: Individuals or groups may launch attacks to make a political statement. Source: Hindu BIOFORTIFIED CROPS Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, the Prime Minister of India released 109 high yielding, climate resilient and biofortified varieties of crops at India Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi Background: The launch of these varieties represents a significant advancement in the government’s effort to strengthen and future-proof Indian agriculture. About Biofortification Biofortification is the process of improving the nutritional quality of food crops. This can be achieved through two main methods: Conventional Breeding: This involves selecting and crossbreeding plants that naturally have higher levels of certain nutrients. Over time, this process enhances the nutrient content of the crops. Genetic Engineering: This method involves directly modifying the plant’s genes to increase the levels of specific nutrients. It aimed at developing and disseminating crops that are naturally rich in essential micronutrients, containing higher levels of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Benefits: Improved Nutrition: Helps combat micronutrient deficiencies, especially in low and middle-income countries. Accessibility: Provides essential nutrients to rural populations who may not have access to commercially fortified foods. Examples: Golden Rice: Enhanced with beta-carotene to address vitamin A deficiency. Iron and Zinc-Enriched Wheat: Developed through radiation breeding to improve iron and zinc content. Source: ICAR NATIONAL INSTITUTIONAL RANKING FRAMEWORK (NIRF) Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Ministry of Education unveiled the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) 2024. Background: For the sixth consecutive year, the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Madras has been ranked first, continuing to be the top institution. The Indian Institute of Science (IISc), Bengaluru, has been named the best university. IIT Madras also retains its status as the top engineering college in India for the ninth year. IIM Ahmedabad, Bangalore, and Calcutta are among the top 5 institutions in the management category. About National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) The National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF) was established with the primary purpose of creating a reliable and comprehensive system to rank higher education institutions in India. It was developed by the Ministry of Education in India. It was launched in September 2015 and aims to provide a comprehensive assessment of institutions based on various parameters. The NIRF evaluates institutions based on 5 broad parameters: teaching, learning and resources, research and professional practice, graduation outcomes, outreach and inclusivity, and perception. A total of 10,885 higher education institutions participated in the NIRF 2024. Key objectives: Transparency and Accountability: To provide a transparent and accountable ranking system that stakeholders can trust. Informed Decision-Making: To help students, parents, and educators make informed decisions about higher education institutions. Encouraging Excellence: To motivate institutions to strive for excellence in various aspects of education and research. Benchmarking: To set benchmarks for institutions to measure their performance against peers. Policy Formulation: To assist policymakers in identifying strengths and areas for improvement in the higher education sector. Resource Allocation: To aid in the allocation of resources and funding based on performance metrics. Source: Economic Times Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the biofortification of crops, consider the following statements: Biofortification is the process of improving the nutritional quality of food crops. It aimed at developing and disseminating crops that are naturally rich in essential micronutrients, containing higher levels of vitamins, minerals, and other nutrients. Which of the statements given above is/are not correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) With reference to the National Institutional Ranking Framework (NIRF), consider the following statements: The National Institutional Ranking Framework was established with the primary purpose of creating a reliable and comprehensive system to rank higher education institutions in India. It was developed by the Ministry of Education in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) Identify the tributary of river Krishna Tungabhadra Vaiga Pennar Periyar Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 14th August 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 13th August – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – d Q.3) – b

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