DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 10th June – 2025
Archives (PRELIMS Focus) India’s Progress in Food Safety Standards Category: POLITY Context: India has transformed its food safety system from adulteration control to a science-based, consumer-focused framework under the FSSAI, established by the 2006 Act. Decoding Context: Key Reforms Risk-Based Regulation: Standards now align with global benchmarks, with defined limits for residues and additives. Scientific Strengthening: India is conducting Total Diet Studies to reflect local diets and exposures. Global Harmonization: Regulations increasingly match international norms. Institutional Initiatives Digital Oversight: Platforms like FoSCoS manage licensing and compliance. Training & Certification: Programs like FoSTaC enhance industry standards. Public Campaigns: Initiatives like Eat Right India and SNF promote healthy diets. Sustainability Focus: Jaivik Bharat, RUCO, and food waste reduction tackle broader health and environmental goals. Challenges Data Gaps: Need for India-specific studies. Poor Risk Communication: Technical language limits public understanding. Trust Deficit: More transparency and engagement needed. Learning Corner: Brief Note on Food Safety Initiatives by FSSAI The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is the apex body responsible for regulating and supervising food safety in India. It adopts a multi-dimensional approach to ensure the availability of safe and nutritious food through the following key initiatives: Eat Right India Movement A flagship initiative aimed at transforming the country’s food system. It promotes: Safe, healthy, and sustainable food Reduction in salt, sugar, and trans fats Awareness on food labeling and fortification FoSTaC (Food Safety Training and Certification) Provides structured training to food handlers and supervisors across the food value chain Mandatory for licensed food businesses to have at least one certified supervisor FoSCoS (Food Safety Compliance System) A digital platform for licensing, registration, and compliance monitoring of food businesses Replaced the earlier FLRS (Food Licensing and Registration System) RUCO (Repurpose Used Cooking Oil) Promotes safe disposal and repurposing of used cooking oil into biodiesel Addresses health and environmental hazards of reusing oil Jaivik Bharat Certifies and promotes organic food products Helps consumers identify authentic organic food through the Jaivik Bharat logo Clean Street Food Hub and Eat Right Campus Targets hygiene and safety improvements in specific environments: Street Food Hubs: Upgrades clusters of street food vendors Campuses: Encourages institutions to serve safe and healthy food Safe and Nutritious Food (SNF) Campaign Spreads food safety awareness in homes, schools, and workplaces Encourages safe food practices and dietary diversity Save Food, Share Food Focuses on minimizing food wastage Encourages redistribution of excess food to those in need Source : THE HINDU Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) Category: SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Context The launch, initially scheduled for June 10, 2025, was postponed due to poor weather. The revised launch time is June 11 at 8:00 a.m. EDT (5:30 p.m. IST). Decoding Context: Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4): Overview Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) is a private astronaut mission to the International Space Station (ISS), organized by Axiom Space in collaboration with NASA and SpaceX. The mission will launch aboard a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket from Kennedy Space Center, Florida. Crew Composition Commander: Peggy Whitson (former NASA astronaut) Pilot: Shubhanshu Shukla (India, ISRO) Mission Specialists: Sławosz Uznański-Wiśniewski (Poland, ESA) and Tibor Kapu (Hungary) This marks the first ISS mission involving astronauts from India, Poland, and Hungary, and their return to government-sponsored spaceflight after four decades. Mission Goals Duration: ~14 days Over 60 experiments in areas like human research, biology, materials science, and Earth observation Promotes international cooperation and advances microgravity research Viewing Options Live coverage of the launch, docking, and ISS arrival will be available via NASA, SpaceX, and Axiom Space platforms. Docking is expected at 12:30 p.m. EDT (10:00 p.m. IST) on June 11. Source: THE HINDU Drones in Modern Warfare Category: INTERNATIONAL Context The significance of drones have increased during Russia-Ukraine war Decoding Context: Decisive Role: By 2025, drones are responsible for 60–70% of damage to Russian military equipment, becoming a dominant tool in battlefield operations. Mass Production: Ukraine produces around 200,000 First Person View (FPV) drones monthly. These affordable ($200–$400) drones are highly effective against costly Russian tanks and systems. Advanced Capabilities: Ukrainian drones now serve multiple roles—bombing, reconnaissance, relay, and AI-enabled targeting—demonstrating high adaptability. Strategic Innovation: Ukraine’s GOGOL-M “mothership” drone can autonomously deploy two FPV drones over 300 km, targeting critical assets deep in Russian territory. Russian Response: Russia has developed drones like the Tyuvik (resistant to jamming) and fiber-optic models, though they face issues with AI autonomy, as seen in Lancet-3 glitches. Drone Boats: Ukraine introduced armed naval drones like the Magura V7, reportedly used to shoot down Russian aircraft—an unprecedented feat in maritime drone warfare. Tactical Evolution: Ukraine employs “drone walls” along front lines to disrupt enemy troops and conducts long-range strikes against airfields and military hubs. Global Impact: The Ukraine conflict has reshaped global military doctrine, with countries like Taiwan, Israel, and NATO members now prioritizing drone and counter-drone strategies. Learning Corner: First Person View (FPV) Drones – Ukraine Type: Low-cost, manually piloted attack drones. Cost: Approx. $200–$400 per unit. Roles: Reconnaissance Precision strike (kamikaze mode) Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance (ISR) Relay and jamming missions AI-enabled variants under development Impact: Account for 60–70% of the damage to Russian assets by early 2025. Significance: Mass-produced (approx. 200,000/month); extremely effective against high-value Russian targets like tanks. GOGOL-M “Mothership” Drone – Ukraine Type: Advanced autonomous drone platform. Capabilities: Can carry and launch two FPV drones Autonomous target identification, tracking, and strike Range: Up to 300 km Targets: Deep strike against aircraft, fuel depots, infrastructure Innovation: Combines AI with long-range precision warfare; still undergoing battlefield testing. Magura V7 Naval Drone – Ukraine Type: Unmanned surface vessel (USV). Unique Feature: Reportedly the first naval drone to shoot down a fighter jet using surface-to-air missiles. Capabilities: Autonomous navigation Carries missile payloads Long-range maritime operations Impact: Expands drone warfare to sea-to-air combat, a new domain in drone deployment. Tyuvik Light Attack Drone – Russia Type: Compact attack drone. Key Features: Autopilot and target-homing system Designed to withstand electronic warfare (EW) High maneuverability in contested zones Use Case: Deployed as an answer to Ukraine’s FPV threat. Fiber-Optic Drones – Russia Type: Tethered or wired drones. Capabilities: Less vulnerable to jamming or signal interference Reliable in dense EW environments Application: Increasingly used in areas where radio signals are disrupted. Lancet-3 Kamikaze Drone – Russia Type: Loitering munition. Function: Autonomous targeting of enemy equipment Dive-attack strike Challenges: Reported issues with AI-based targeting Occasional malfunctions in high-intensity EW zones Summary Table Drone Country Type Notable Features Role FPV Drones Ukraine Multirole Cheap, mass-produced, high damage potential ISR, attack, jamming GOGOL-M Ukraine Mothership AI-enabled, launches 2 FPVs up to 300 km Long-range strike Magura V7 Ukraine Naval Missile-capable USV, downed jet Naval + airstrike hybrid Tyuvik Russia Light attack EW-resistant, autopilot, target homing Frontline attack Fiber-optic drones Russia Recon/Attack Signal-proof due to wired control EW zones, stable operations Lancet-3 Russia Loitering Autonomous, sometimes glitchy Precision strike Source : THE HINDU Rare Earth metals Category: ECONOMICS Context : Impact of China’s Rare Earth Export Ban: Suzuki Suspends Swift Production Decoding Context China’s rare earth mineral export ban has disrupted global supply chains, prompting Suzuki to halt production of its Swift hatchback in Japan—the first such move by a Japanese automaker due to this issue. Key Highlights: Production Halt: Suzuki suspended Swift production (excluding Swift Sport) at its Sagara plant from May 26 to June 6, 2025, due to parts shortages. Root Cause: China’s April 2025 export curbs on rare earths and related magnets affected key components like motors and sensors, which are essential for automotive manufacturing. Wider Impact: Other automakers and European suppliers are also facing disruptions. Companies like Mercedes-Benz are seeking to diversify supply chains. Geopolitical Angle: The ban is seen as retaliation against US tariffs and has implications beyond the auto sector, affecting aerospace, defense, and electronics industries. Recovery Plan: Suzuki aims to resume partial production on June 13 and fully by June 16 as supplies stabilize. Learning Corner: some of the key rare earth metals (REMs), grouped as Light and Heavy rare earths: Light Rare Earth Elements (LREEs): Lanthanum (La) – Used in camera lenses, battery electrodes Cerium (Ce) – Used in polishing agents, catalytic converters Praseodymium (Pr) – Used in magnets, aircraft engines Neodymium (Nd) – Vital for high-strength permanent magnets (used in EV motors, wind turbines) Promethium (Pm) – Radioactive; used in nuclear batteries Samarium (Sm) – Used in magnets and nuclear reactors Europium (Eu) – Used in phosphors for TV and LED screens Heavy Rare Earth Elements (HREEs): Gadolinium (Gd) – MRI contrast agents, nuclear reactors Terbium (Tb) – Used in green phosphors, solid-state devices Dysprosium (Dy) – Added to magnets to improve performance at high temperatures Holmium (Ho) – Strongest magnetic field among elements; used in magnets Erbium (Er) – Used in fiber-optic communication, lasers Thulium (Tm) – Portable X-ray devices Ytterbium (Yb) – Used in stress gauges, certain lasers Lutetium (Lu) – Used in PET scan detectors, catalysts Scandium (Sc) – Lightweight alloys in aerospace Yttrium (Y) – Used in superconductors, LEDs, and ceramics Source: THE INDIAN EXPRESS Election Commission of India Category: POLITY Context : Opposition leaders, particularly Rahul Gandhi, regarding the conduct of elections after the 2024 Maharashtra Assembly polls. Decoding Context: Key issues include unexplained spikes in voter rolls, unusually high voter turnout post-5 p.m., and limited access to CCTV footage of polling stations. While past data shows similar trends in voter roll expansion, the Election Commission of India (ECI) is urged to verify new additions thoroughly. The claim of post-5 p.m. turnout anomalies has been countered by official data, yet transparency remains a pressing issue. Certainly! Here’s the rewritten brief note on the Election Commission of India (ECI), with all citations removed and information presented concisely for UPSC preparation: Learning Corner: Election Commission of India (ECI) – Brief Overview Mandate & Structure The Election Commission of India is a constitutional body under Article 324 of the Constitution. It is responsible for administering elections to the Lok Sabha, State Legislative Assemblies, and the offices of the President and Vice President. The Commission consists of the Chief Election Commissioner (CEC) and two Election Commissioners. Functions Supervise, direct, and control the entire process of elections. Prepare and revise electoral rolls. Monitor election campaigns and enforce the Model Code of Conduct. Regulate political parties and ensure transparent use of EVMs and VVPATs. Decide matters related to disqualification of members and recognition of political parties. Tenure & Independence The CEC and Election Commissioners hold office for 6 years or until the age of 65 years, whichever is earlier. The CEC can only be removed through a process similar to that of a Supreme Court judge, ensuring independence. Recent Changes in Appointment Process Supreme Court Interim Directive (March 2023) Mandated that the appointment of the CEC and ECs be recommended by a Collegium consisting of the Prime Minister, Leader of Opposition (Lok Sabha), and the Chief Justice of India, to ensure neutrality and transparency. Chief Election Commissioner and Other ECs (Appointment, Conditions of Service and Term of Office) Act, 2023 Replaced the Supreme Court’s interim arrangement with a new appointment process. A Search Committee led by the Law Minister shortlists candidates. A Selection Committee, headed by the Prime Minister and including the Leader of Opposition and a Cabinet Minister, recommends names to the President. The role of the Chief Justice of India was excluded from the selection panel. Additional Provisions in the 2023 Law Salary and service conditions of the CEC and ECs are now equivalent to that of the Cabinet Secretary. The Act restricts CEC and ECs to a single term, with no reappointment. Concerns & Criticism The exclusion of the judiciary from the selection process has raised concerns over executive dominance. Legal challenges are ongoing regarding the constitutional validity of the 2023 law. Critics argue the changes may weaken the independence and credibility of the ECI. Comparison table – Evolution of appointment of election commissioners in India Aspect Before March 2023 Post-March 2023 Ruling After 2023 Act Appointment Body Sole Executive discretion Interim Collegium (PM, LoP, CJI)) Search & Selection committees (PM, LoP, Cabinet Minister) CJI’s Role NIL Appointing authority within Collegium Excluded from Selection Committee Safeguards No institutional checks SC transparency measure pending formal law Executive-heavy structure; executive influence reintroduced Legal Status Largely Executive decision-making Court-mandated till a law was passed Legal, but judicial verdicts pending review Source : THE HINDU (MAINS Focus) Axiom -4 Mission Date: 10-06-2025 Mainspedia TOPIC: Axiom -4 Mission GS Paper III – Science and Technology Introduction (Context) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), as part of its collaborative efforts with the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO), is set to launch Axiom Mission 4. This will be the fourth private astronaut flight from Axiom Space and the first to carry an Indian astronaut to the International Space Station (ISS). The four-member crew also has astronauts from Poland and Hungary – countries that, like India, are sending their nationals to space after 40 years — underlining the very diverse nature of participation in this mission. Background In June 2023, India and the United States announced a strategic partnership on human spaceflight, enabling an Indian astronaut to travel to the International Space Station (ISS) by 2024. Axiom Space, a private U.S. firm, invited India (along with Hungary and Poland) to participate in Axiom-4, themed “Realize the Return”. India signed the Artemis Accords, committing to responsible space exploration and cooperation, especially for lunar and deep-space missions. About Axiom 4 mission The Axiom Mission 4 (Ax-4) aims to advance commercial spaceflight, conduct scientific research, and promote international collaboration. The mission will focus on scientific experiments in microgravity, space tourism, and demonstrations of commercial space stations as viable platforms for business and research. Key missions: Scientific Research: Conducting experiments in areas like health, materials science, and space technology to enhance understanding of space environments. Commercial Space Initiatives: Promoting commercial activities in low Earth orbit (LEO), including space tourism and the development of commercial space stations. International Collaboration: Fostering global cooperation in space exploration through a multinational crew. Outreach and Education: Engaging in educational and public outreach programs to inspire the next generation of space explorers. Demonstration of Feasibility: Demonstrating the viability of commercial space stations as platforms for business and research. Specific Research Projects: The Ax-4 research team will conduct numerous studies, including investigations into: The effects of microgravity on the human body, including bone and muscle loss. The potential of space-based agriculture. The effects of space on the human brain and vision. The potential of microalgae for long-duration space missions. The resilience of tardigrades in space. Mission specific to ISRO 1. Biological Experiments: Muscle Behaviour: Study of muscle degeneration in zero gravity, isolating variables impossible to control on Earth. Moong Dal and Sprouts: Examining plant behavior in space, tailored to Indian nutritional and agricultural goals. Micro-algae research: Potential applications in food security, space farming, and sustainability. 2. Technological Experiments: First-time opportunity for ISRO to run customised tech and life sciences experiments in space. Results from Axiom-4 can be followed up in Gaganyaan and later deep-space missions. Significance for India The mission is a stepping stone towards Human Moon mission by 2040. Help in establishing an Indian space station May help in encouraging private sector participation in space. Value addition About Artemis Accords The Artemis Accords are a set of non-binding international principles and guidelines initiated by NASA and the U.S. government in 2020 to promote safe, transparent, and peaceful space exploration, especially for the Moon, Mars, and beyond. India signed the Artemis Accords in June 2023, enabling deeper collaboration with NASA in human spaceflight, lunar missions, and planetary exploration. Key Features: Promote peaceful uses of outer space under the framework of the Outer Space Treaty (1967). Encourage international cooperation, transparency, and sharing of scientific data. Emphasize responsible behavior, including deconfliction of space activities and preservation of space heritage sites. Allow for the utilization of space resources (like lunar minerals) for sustainable exploration. About Shubhanshu Shukla Group Captain Shubhanshu Shukla is a distinguished pilot in the Indian Air Force (IAF). He has been handpicked as one of the four astronauts for the Indian Space Research Organisation’s (ISRO) historic Gaganyaan mission—the nation’s inaugural human space flight endeavor. His journey began when he was commissioned into the IAF fighter wing in June 2006. As a combat leader and seasoned test pilot, he boasts an impressive 2,000 hours of flight experience across various aircraft, including the Su-30 MKI, MiG-21, MiG-29, Jaguar, Hawk, Dornier, and An-32. About Tardigrades Also called “water bears” or “moss piglets” are microscopic (0.5 mm), aquatic, 8-legged organisms with claws. Existed for ~600 million years, predating dinosaurs. Found in diverse habitats from mountaintops to ocean depths, especially in mosses and lichens. Known for extreme resilience: Survive temperatures from -272.95°C to +150°C. Tolerate vacuum of space, UV radiation, and deep-sea pressure (up to 40,000 kPa). Can revive after 30 years of deep freezing. Mechanism of Survival: Survive through cryptobiosis (near-zero metabolism) and anhydrobiosis (95% water loss). Enter a shrunken, durable state called tun. Produce CAHS proteins (Cytoplasmic-Abundant Heat Soluble proteins): Form a gel-like matrix that protects cells from damage. Tardigrades sent to International Space Station in tun state. Aims to Study effects of space radiation and microgravity and identify genes and proteins responsible for survival. Relevance: Enhance astronaut protection during long space missions Aid in preserving biological materials for space travel. Conclusion The Axiom-4 mission featuring Shubhanshu Shukla marks a pivotal moment in India’s space journey. This mission provides tangible knowledge, operational experience, and global visibility. It strengthens the pipeline to Gaganyaan, Moon missions, and beyond, positioning India as a serious contender in the new space age — scientifically, strategically, and economically. Mains Practice Question Q Critically examine the significance of the Axiom-4 mission for India’s space programme and its broader implications for space diplomacy and the space economy. (250 words, 15 marks) Declining Poverty in India: Trends, Data and Policy Implications Date: 10-06-2025 Mainspedia TOPIC: Declining Poverty in India: Trends, Data and Policy Implications GS Paper III – Economy Introduction (Context) According to latest World Bank estimates, extreme poverty in India has sharply declined from 27.1% in 2011-12 to 5.3% in 2022-23, despite the benchmark for extreme poverty being raised from $2.15/day to $3/day. The findings are backed by new household consumption expenditure surveys (HCES) of 2022-23, released after a data gap since 2011-12. What is Poverty? Poverty is a state of deprivation in which an individual lacks the financial resources to meet basic living needs like food, shelter, education, and healthcare. It can be measured in monetary (income/consumption-based) or multidimensional terms (access to health, education, standard of living). Types of Poverty Absolute Poverty: Defined by fixed income or consumption thresholds (e.g., global poverty lines). Relative Poverty: Compares income distribution within a society. Multidimensional Poverty: Includes indicators like health, education, housing, sanitation, etc. Chronic Poverty: Persisting over long periods across generations. Transient Poverty: Short-term poverty due to sudden shocks. What is Extreme Poverty? As per World Bank, extreme poverty refers to individuals living below the international poverty line, which has been revised to $3/day (PPP) in 2022-23. It captures the minimum consumption needed to survive in low-income contexts. How is Poverty Calculated? Household Consumption Expenditure Surveys (HCES) by NSSO/NSO These surveys are conducted by the National Statistical Office (NSO) (formerly known as NSSO) and are the primary source of data to estimate poverty in India. They collect data on the spending patterns of households on various goods and services like food, education, health, clothing, etc. Based on this consumption data, a poverty line is drawn, households spending below this threshold are considered poor. The surveys are generally quinquennial (every 5 years), but the latest rounds (2022-23 and 2023-24) were conducted to update the long gap since 2011-12. International Poverty Lines and Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) International poverty lines are set by the World Bank to compare poverty across countries. As of 2022-23, the extreme poverty line was updated from $2.15/day to $3/day, and the lower-middle-income poverty line was raised from $3.65 to $4.2/day. These values are adjusted using Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) — a method that equalizes the purchasing power of different currencies by accounting for differences in the cost of living across countries. In India, this means the amount of money needed in Indian rupees to buy the same basket of goods that $3 would buy in the US. Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) Developed by UNDP and Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI), and adopted in India by NITI Aayog, MPI goes beyond income to measure poverty in terms of multiple deprivations. It uses 12 indicators grouped under three broad dimensions: Health: Child mortality, nutrition Education: Years of schooling, school attendance Standard of Living: Electricity, drinking water, sanitation, housing, cooking fuel, assets, and bank accounts A person is considered multidimensionally poor if they are deprived in at least one-third of these indicators. Gini and Theil Indices – Measures of Inequality These are statistical tools used to measure economic inequality, often alongside poverty metrics. The Gini coefficient ranges from 0 (perfect equality) to 1 (maximum inequality) and measures the distribution of income or consumption among individuals or households. The Theil Index is an entropy-based measure of inequality that is sensitive to changes at both ends of the income distribution. It allows decomposition to study inequality within and between population groups. While poverty measures how many people fall below a threshold, inequality measures how wealth or consumption is distributed across society. Key trends and data Extreme poverty fell from 344.47 million (2011-12) to 75.24 million (2022-23). Even with $4.2/day threshold for lower-middle income countries, poverty declined from 57.7% to 23.9%. Inequality (Gini, Theil) also declined between 2011 and 2022. Multidimensional Poverty fell from: 55.34% (2005-06) 24.85% (2015-16) 14.96% (2019-21) – NITI Aayog Value addition Government schemes for Poverty alleviation MGNREGS (Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme) Provides 100 days of guaranteed wage employment annually to rural households. Aims to enhance livelihood security and create rural infrastructure through unskilled manual work. Deen Dayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) Promotes self-employment and women-led SHGs in rural areas. Focuses on capacity building, financial inclusion, and sustainable livelihoods. PM-KISAN (Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi) Provides ₹6,000 per year in three equal installments to small and marginal farmers. Offers direct income support to reduce distress and ensure basic farming sustainability. National Food Security Act (NFSA), 2013 Legally entitles 75% of rural and 50% of urban population to receive subsidized food grains. Implements welfare schemes like PDS, Mid-Day Meal, and ICDS under a unified law. POSHAN Abhiyaan (National Nutrition Mission) Aims to reduce stunting, undernutrition, and anemia among children and women. Uses data-driven monitoring and community-based health practices. PM Awas Yojana (PMAY) Provides affordable housing with basic amenities to the rural and urban poor. Offers credit-linked subsidies and infrastructure support under “Housing for All”. Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) Focuses on eliminating open defecation and improving sanitation infrastructure. Encourages construction of household and community toilets with behavioral change campaigns. Ayushman Bharat – Pradhan Mantri Jan Arogya Yojana (PMJAY) Offers health insurance cover up to ₹5 lakh/family/year for 50 crore poor citizens. Covers secondary and tertiary care hospitalization at empaneled hospitals. Samagra Shiksha Abhiyan Integrates SSA, RMSA, and Teacher Education for holistic school education from pre-primary to Class 12. Focuses on equity, access, and quality learning with infrastructural support. Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana – National Urban Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NULM) Aims to reduce urban poverty through self-employment, skill training, and SHG support. Promotes economic empowerment of the urban poor and street vendors. One Nation One Ration Card (ONORC) Enables nationwide portability of food entitlements under NFSA. Benefits migrant workers and ensures uninterrupted access to subsidized food anywhere in India. Way forward Improve quality and frequency of consumption & income data for better policy design. Expand social security nets for vulnerable populations post-pandemic. Enhance urban poverty tracking, often left out of rural-focused surveys. Promote inclusive growth, particularly through job creation and skill development. Strengthen data transparency and standardisation across surveys. Conclusion The sharp decline in extreme poverty in India is a positive socio-economic milestone, yet continued focus is needed on multidimensional poverty, urban vulnerability, and inclusive development. Data-backed policymaking, grounded in transparency and regularity, will be critical to sustaining and accelerating this progress. Mains Practice Question Q Despite a sharp decline in extreme poverty levels, income and opportunity inequality persist in India. Examine the implications of this paradox for inclusive growth policies. (250 words, 15 marks) Daily Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated in our “Daily Current Affairs Quiz” section on our website Please click on the below link Daily Current Affairs Quiz for UPSC IAS Prelims | IASbaba