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Jul 30, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) ETHANOL IN PETROL NOW PRIMARILY DERIVED FROM MAIZE AND DAMAGED FOOD GRAINS Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: Cereal grains have overtaken sugarcane as the primary feedstock for the production of ethanol used in blending with petrol. Background: In the current supply year (November 2023 to October 2024), sugar mills and distilleries supplied 401 crore litres of ethanol to oil marketing companies by June 30. Of this total, 211 crore litres (52.7%) were produced from maize and damaged food grains, primarily broken or old rice unsuitable for human consumption. The remaining 190 crore litres were derived from sugarcane-based feedstocks, including molasses and whole juice/syrup. Key takeaways Modi government has targeted 20% ethanol blending in petrol by 2025. That ratio for all-India averaged 13% this supply year till June, as against 12.1% in 2022-23, 10% in 2021-22 and only 1.6% in 2013-14. Ethanol is 99.9% pure alcohol that can be blended with petrol. Alcohol production involves fermentation of sugar using yeast. In cane juice or molasses, sugar is present in the form of sucrose that is broken down into glucose and fructose. Grains contain starch, a carbohydrate that must first be extracted and converted into sucrose and simpler sugars before undergoing further fermentation, distillation, and dehydration to produce ethanol. Till 2017-18, ethanol was being produced only from so-called C-heavy molasses, the dense dark brown liquid byproduct containing sucrose that mills cannot economically recover and crystallise into sugar. The Ethanol Blended Petrol (EBP) programme saw a significant boost in 2018-19 when the Modi government allowed mills to produce ethanol from B-heavy molasses (which leaves less sugar available for crystallization and more for fermentation) and directly from whole cane juice/syrup. To compensate mills for the reduced or nil production of sugar, higher prices were paid for ethanol produced through these routes. A further fillip to the programme came when mills started using grains as supplementary feedstock. Companies installed multi-feedstock distilleries that could run on molasses and juice/ syrup during the crushing season (November-April) and on grain in the off-season (May-October), when cane wasn’t available. These grains were primarily surplus and broken/damaged rice sourced from the Food Corporation of India’s (FCI) stocks and the open market. However, with the Modi government halting the supply of FCI rice (from July 2023) and restricting the use of cane juice and B-heavy molasses for ethanol production (from December 2023) due to concerns over cereal and sugar inflation, maize has emerged as the leading ethanol feedstock. This shift has been incentivized by the government setting an ex-distillery price of Rs 71.86 per litre for ethanol produced from maize. This price is higher than the per-litre prices payable by oil companies for ethanol from other feedstocks: C-heavy molasses (Rs 56.28), B-heavy molasses (Rs 60.73), cane juice/syrup (Rs 65.61), FCI rice (Rs 58.50), and damaged food grains (Rs 64). Source: Indian Express RIGHT TO BE FORGOTTEN Syllabus Prelims & Mains – Polity Context: Last week, the Supreme Court agreed to hear a case whose outcome will likely shape the contours of the right to be forgotten ( also known as right to erasure), in India. Background:- The Supreme Court must determine whether the right to be forgotten is a fundamental right and, if so, how it aligns with other fundamental rights guaranteed by the Constitution of India. What is the present case about ? A three-judge Bench, led by Chief Justice of India (CJI) D Y Chandrachud, will hear a challenge to a Madras High Court ruling from February 27. The ruling directed the legal search portal Indian Kanoon to remove a judgment in a 2014 rape and cheating case. The man, who was acquitted, had approached the Madras High Court in 2021, arguing that he was denied Australian citizenship because his name appears in the judgment that is publicly available on the legal portal. What is the right to be forgotten? The right to be forgotten can be loosely described as the right to remove one’s digital footprint (from Internet searches, etc.) where it violates the right to privacy. In May 2014, the Luxembourg-based Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) established the right to be forgotten in the “Google Spain case.” The court ruled in favor of Spanish lawyer Mario Costeja González, who requested Google to remove information from 1998 about the forced sale of his property due to social security debt. Citing Articles 7 and 8 of the EU Charter on Fundamental Rights, the CJEU mandated that search engines must honor requests to remove data that are inadequate, irrelevant, or excessive in light of the time elapsed. Informational self-determination — an individual’s right to control and limit her personal information — is now widely recognised in EU law. Article 17 of the EU’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) describes the right to erasure. From victims of so-called “revenge porn” to individuals whose personal cases are on the Internet, the right to be forgotten is a crucial remedy. How is the right interpreted in India? In India, there is no statutory framework for the right to be forgotten. However, not all constitutional rights need to be explicitly stated. The 2017 Supreme Court judgment in Justice K S Puttaswamy v. Union of India recognized the right to privacy as a fundamental right, linked to the rights to life, equality, and freedom of speech and expression. In a concurring opinion, Justice S K Kaul mentioned the right to be forgotten, stating that individuals should be able to remove personal data that is no longer necessary, relevant, or correct, and serves no legitimate interest. Justice Kaul also outlined valid reasons for violating this right, including exercising freedom of expression and information, complying with legal obligations, performing tasks in public interest, public health, archiving for public interest, scientific or historical research, statistical purposes, or for legal claims. Source: Indian Express GAZA’S TELL UMM AMER Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: The World Heritage Committee (WHC) decided to include the Palestinian site of Tell Umm Amer in both the UNESCO World Heritage Site List and the List of World Heritage in Danger during its 46th session in New Delhi. Background: Also known as the ‘Monastery of Saint Hilarion’, the site lies in Gaza Strip which is under relentless attack from Israel. About TELL UMM AMER Situated on the coastal dunes of Nuseirat Municipality, 10 km south of Gaza City, the ancient Christian monastery was founded in the fourth century by Hilarion the Great (291-371 CE), often regarded as the father of Palestinian monasticism. Hilarion was born in Tabatha, near the site of his future monastery. He became a monk at 15. As his fame for performing miracles spread, his small hermitage evolved into a thriving monastery, attracting followers from far and wide who embraced Hilarion’s mendicant lifestyle. The present-day archaeological remains of the site span more than four centuries, from the time of Hilarion to the Umayyad period. The ruins comprise five successive churches, bath and sanctuary complexes, geometric mosaics, and an expansive crypt making the monastery one of the largest in the Middle East. The UNICEF listing of the site refers to Tell Umm Amer as the first monastic community in the Holy Land, and “a hub of religious, cultural, and economic interchange”. The monastery was likely abandoned after a seventh century earthquake, only to be uncovered by local archaeologists in 1999. With Israel’s ongoing onslaught reducing much of the Gaza Strip to rubble, monuments and sites of cultural significance have not been spared. This underscores the importance of Tell Umm Amer’s inclusion in the UNESCO lists. The 1972 World Heritage Convention, to which Israel is a party, outlines responsibilities for identifying, protecting, and preserving World Heritage sites. Importantly, states must not take any deliberate measures that could cause direct or indirect damage to these sites. The inclusion on the list of World Heritage in Danger opens the door to enhanced international technical and financial assistance mechanisms to guarantee the protection of the property and, if necessary, to help facilitate its rehabilitation. Source: Indian Express INTEGRATED DISEASE SURVEILLANCE PROGRAMME (IDSP) Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: In India, a total of 1,862 disease outbreaks were reported to the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme last year, the Lok Sabha was informed recently. Background: The highest number of disease outbreaks were reported from Kerala. About Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) is a decentralized, state-based surveillance system in India. It was initiated in 2004 with the assistance of the World Bank. The primary objective of IDSP is to detect early warning signals of impending disease outbreaks and facilitate an effective response in a timely manner. Key points about IDSP: Purpose: IDSP aims to strengthen and maintain a decentralized, laboratory-based, IT-enabled disease surveillance system for epidemic-prone diseases. Reporting: The program includes online reporting from all states and union territories. Surveillance: IDSP monitors disease trends and detects and responds to outbreaks during their early stages through trained Rapid Response Teams (RRTs). National Health Program: It is one of the major National Health Programs under the National Health Mission. Program Components: Integration and Decentralization: Surveillance units are established at the central, state, and district levels. Human Resource Development: Training for State Surveillance Officers, District Surveillance Officers, RRTs, and other medical staff. Information Technology: Leveraging technology for data collection, analysis, and dissemination. Strengthening Public Health Laboratories: Enhancing diagnostic capabilities. Intersectoral Coordination: Addressing zoonotic diseases. Source: Economic Times NATIONAL INITIATIVE FOR PROFICIENCY IN READING WITH UNDERSTANDING AND NUMERACY (NIPUN BHARAT) SCHEME Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, minister of state in the ministry of education, replied to questions on NIPUN BHARAT in Rajya Sabha. Background: This initiative aligns with the National Education Policy 2020. Key Takeaways : The National Initiative for Proficiency in Reading with Understanding and Numeracy (NIPUN Bharat) is a significant educational mission launched by the Ministry of Education. Its primary goal is to ensure that every child in the country attains foundational literacy and numeracy skills by the end of Grade 3. Key points about NIPUN Bharat: Objective: Achieve universal foundational literacy and numeracy in primary schools by 2025. Age Group: NIPUN Bharat focuses on children aged 3 to 9 years, including pre-school to Grade 3. Implementation Mechanism: The mission establishes a five-tier implementation mechanism at the National, State, District, Block, and School levels across all States and Union Territories. It operates under the Samagra Shiksha centrally sponsored scheme. Universal Acquisition of Skills: All Government, Government-Aided, and Private Schools are expected to work towards achieving universal foundational literacy and numeracy (FLN) skills by 2026-27. Key Areas of Focus: Access and Retention: Ensuring children have access to quality education during their foundational years. Teacher Capacity Building: Enhancing teacher skills to effectively teach literacy and numeracy. Quality Learning Materials: Developing high-quality and diverse student and teacher resources. Progress Tracking: Monitoring each child’s progress in achieving learning outcomes. Source: Digital Sansad GOLAN HEIGHTS Syllabus Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu has vowed heavy retaliation against Hezbollah following a rocket strike that tragically killed many in the Israeli-controlled Golan Heights. Background: Israel aims to harm the Lebanon-based, Iran-backed Hezbollah movement, which it holds responsible for the attack, without escalating into an all-out war in the Middle East. The incident has raised concerns about further hostilities between Israel and Hezbollah, marking their worst tensions since the 2006 war. About Golan Heights : The Golan Heights is a rocky plateau located in south-western Syria, approximately 60 km (40 miles) south-west of Damascus. Despite its relatively small size, it holds immense political and strategic significance. Israel seized the Golan Heights from Syria during the closing stages of the 1967 Six-Day War. Prior to that, it was under Syrian sovereignty. The Golan Heights straddles the borders of Syria and Israel. Israel currently controls about two-thirds of the territory, while Syria holds the remaining third. Despite its contested status, the Golan Heights remains a focal point in the complex dynamics of the Middle East. While the United Nations recognizes it as part of Syria, Israel’s occupation persists, defying UN Resolution 242. The Golan Heights is bordered by Israel to the west, Lebanon to the northwest, and Jordan to the south. Source: Livemint Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following countries: Lebanon Jordan Egypt Iraq How many of the above-mentioned countries share a border with Golan Heights? Only one Only two Only three All four Q2.) With reference to the NIPUN Bharat, consider the following statements: It is an educational mission launched by the Ministry of Education. Its primary goal is to ensure that every child in the country attains foundational literacy and numeracy skills by the end of Grade 3. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) With reference to the Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP), consider the following statements: The Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme is a decentralized, state-based surveillance system in India. The primary objective of IDSP is to detect early warning signals of impending disease outbreaks and facilitate an effective response in a timely manner It is one of the major National Health Programs under the National Health Mission. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 2 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 30th July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 29th July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

Jul 30, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 30th July 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. To take the Test Click Here

Jul 29, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) INNER LINE PERMIT SYSTEM Syllabus Prelims & Mains – Polity Context: Different groups in the Khasi hills are applying pressure tactics to push for introduction of an Inner Line Permit system in Meghalaya. Background: There have been instances of locals setting up “check post” in Meghalaya to check documentation of vehicles entering the state from Assam and to check non-local workers in and around Shillong for work permits. About Inner Line Permit system Inner Line Permit (ILP) is an official travel document by the Government of India to allow inward travel of an Indian citizen into a protected area for a limited period. It is obligatory for Indian citizens from outside those states to obtain a permit for entering into the protected state. The document is an effort by the government to regulate movement to certain areas. This is an offshoot of the Bengal Eastern Frontier Regulations, 1873, which protected Crown’s interest in the tea, oil and elephant trade by prohibiting “British subjects” from entering into these “Protected Areas” (to prevent them from establishing any commercial venture that could rival the Crown’s agents). The word “British subjects” was replaced by Citizen of India in 1950. Despite the fact that the ILP was originally created by the British to safeguard their commercial interests, it continues to be used in India, officially to protect tribal cultures in northeastern India. There are different kinds of ILP’s, one for tourists and others for people who intend to stay for long-term periods, often for employment purposes. The states which require the permit are: Arunachal Pradesh It is issued by the secretary (political) of the Government of Arunachal Pradesh. It is required for entering Arunachal Pradesh through any of the check gates across the interstate border with Assam or Nagaland. Mizoram It is issued by the Government of Mizoram. It is required for entering Mizoram through any of the check gates across the inter-State borders.If arriving by air, an ILP can be obtained on arrival at Lengpui Airport in Aizawl. Nagaland It is issued by the Government of Nagaland. It is mandatory for Indian citizens of other states entering Nagaland through any of the check gates across the interstate borders. Dimapur, Nagaland’s largest city is the only place in the state which does not require an ILP, and Indians arriving by air at Dimapur Airport can arrive and stay in the city without one. Source: Indian Express NICOBAR PORT PLAN Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: A high-powered committee (HPC), appointed by the National Green Tribunal (NGT) and tasked with revisiting the green clearance for the Great Nicobar infrastructure project, has concluded that a proposed transshipment port does not fall in the Island Coastal Regulation Zone-IA (ICRZ-IA), where ports are prohibited, but is in ICRZ-IB where these are permitted. Background:- The Great Nicobar ‘Holistic Development’ Project was conceived by the NITI Aayog and the key plan includes construction of an international container transshipment terminal among other facilities. Key takeaways A special bench of the NGT had constituted the HPC in April 2023, while hearing a challenge against the Great Nicobar project’s environmental clearance. NGT formed the HPC to revisit the environmental clearance to address some unanswered deficiencies. The special bench had ordered that no further work should happen until the HPC gave its report. Among the issues the HPC had to revisit was protection of 4,518 coral colonies, limited one-season baseline data collection for assessing the project’s environmental impact and the issue of project components falling in the ecologically sensitive ICRZ-IA area. Regarding the coral colonies, the HPC said that it agreed with the Zoological Survey of India’s recommendation to translocate 16,150 out of 20,668 coral colonies. For the remaining 4,518, for which there was no plan outlined, the HPC directed continuous observation from 15-30 metres depth to analyse the sedimentation load and rate of sedimentation before any decision is taken to translocate them. On baseline data collected, the HPC said that one-season’s, other than monsoon, was enough to assess environmental impact as per the EIA notification, 2006. HPC also concluded that the proposed transshipment port does not fall in the Island Coastal Regulation Zone-IA (ICRZ-IA). This conclusion by HPC is at variance with the information submitted by the Andaman & Nicobar (A&N) Coastal Management Authority during the green clearance process for the project. The Authority had stated that parts of the port, airport and township planned under the project are spread over 7 sq km in the ICRZ-IA area. About Island Coastal Regulation Zone-IA (ICRZ-IA) The ICRZ-IA areas comprise ecologically sensitive areas such as mangroves, corals and coral reefs, sand dunes, mudflats, marine parks, wildlife habitats, salt marshes, turtle nesting grounds and bird nesting grounds among others. Only eco-tourism activities such as mangrove walks and natural trails, roads and roads-on-stilts in defence and strategic projects and public utilities are allowed in this area with permits from the UT and Centre. About Andaman and Nicobar Islands The Andaman and Nicobar Islands are a cluster of 836 islands, split into two groups — the Andaman Islands to the north and the Nicobar Islands to the south — by the 150-km wide Ten Degree Channel. Great Nicobar is the southernmost and largest of the Nicobar Islands, a sparsely inhabited 910-sq-km patch of mainly tropical rainforest in southeastern Bay of Bengal. Great Nicobar has two national parks, a biosphere reserve, small populations of the Shompen and Nicobarese tribal peoples, and a few thousand non-tribal settlers. Source: Indian Express VENTURE CAPITAL FUND Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: Union Finance Minister Nirmala Sitharaman announced the proposal to set up a venture capital fund of Rs 1,000 crore dedicated to the space economy. Background: The announcement, made during the Union Budget presentation for the fiscal year 2024-25, highlights the government’s commitment to advance the Indian space sector. What is a Venture Capital Fund? A venture capital fund is a pooled investment vehicle that manages the money of investors seeking private equity stakes in startups and small- to medium-sized enterprises with strong growth potential. Key Characteristics High Risk, High Return: VC funds target high-growth firms that are also quite risky. The potential for high returns is what attracts investors. Long-Term Engagement: Investments are usually long-term, as it takes time for startups to grow and become profitable. Active Involvement: VC funds often take a hands-on approach, providing not just capital but also guidance and managerial expertise. How private venture funds work? Raising Capital: VC funds raise capital from external investors, which can include wealthy individuals, investment banks, and other financial institutions. Investment Process: Fund managers review numerous business plans to identify potential high-growth startups. They then create a prospectus, a formal document outlining the investment details, which is shared with potential investors. Stages of Investment: VC investments can be categorized into seed capital, early-stage capital, or expansion-stage financing, depending on the maturity of the business at the time of investment. Benefits for Startups Financial Support: Startups receive the necessary funds to grow their operations. Expertise and Guidance: In addition to financial support, startups benefit from the technical and managerial expertise of the venture capitalists. Source: Business Standard WHITE CATEGORY SECTORS Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: Industries categorised under the ‘white category’ by the Central Pollution Control Board will now not require prior permission of the state pollution control boards to establish and operate under the Air Act, 1981 and Water Act, 1974, according to two separate draft notifications of the Environment Ministry. Background: These permissions known officially as ‘consent to establish’ (CTE) and ‘consent to operate’ (CTO) are granted to regulate industries that discharge effluents or emit pollutants into the environment. Categorisation of Industry The purpose of categorization of industry is to ensure that industries are established in a manner which is consistent with the environmental objectives. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) has developed the criteria of categorization of industrial sectors based on the Pollution Index which is a function of the emissions (air pollutants), effluents (water pollutants), hazardous wastes generated and consumption of resources. For this purpose the references are taken from the the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution ) Cess (Amendment) Act, 2003, Standards so far prescribed for various pollutants under Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 and Doon Valley Notification, 1989 issued by MoEFCC. The Pollution Index PI of any industrial sector is a number from 0 to 100 and the increasing value of PI denotes the increasing degree of pollution load from the industrial sector. The following are the criteria on ‘Range of Pollution Index’ for the purpose of categorization of industrial sectors. Industrial Sectors having Pollution Index score of 60 and above – Red category Industrial Sectors having Pollution Index score of 41 to 59 – Orange category Industrial Sectors having Pollution Index score of 21 to 40 – Green category Industrial Sectors having Pollution Index score incl.& upto 20 – White category So white category of industries pertains to those industrial sectors which are practically nonpolluting or least polluting. Wind and solar power projects, assembly of air coolers, bicycle assembly are some examples of the activities that come under the white category. Source: Indian Express YAMUNA RIVER Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Several structures in the Yamunotri Dham area were damaged after water levels of the Yamuna River surged due to heavy rains. Background: Yamunotri Dham is a part of Chota Char Dham (along with Gangotri, Kedarnath, and Badrinath), the four major Hindu pilgrimages sites in the Himalayas. Key Takeaways : The Yamuna River originates from the Yamunotri Glacier near Bandarpoonch Peak in the Mussoorie range of the Lower Himalayas in the Uttarkashi district of Uttarakhand, India. It flows swiftly through the Himalayan foothills, exits Uttarakhand, and enters the Indo-Gangetic Plain. Along the border between Uttar Pradesh and Haryana, it feeds the Eastern and Western Yamuna canals. Cities and Landmarks: The Yamuna passes through Delhi, where it feeds the Agra Canal. It then flows south-eastward near Mathura, passing through Agra, Firozabad, and Etawah. Confluence: Near Prayagraj (Allahabad), after a course of about 855 miles (1,376 km), the Yamuna joins the Ganges (Ganga) River. This confluence is an especially sacred place for Hindus and hosts annual festivals and the Kumbh Mela, attended by millions of devotees. Tributaries: The Yamuna is nourished by several tributaries such as Chambal River, Sindh River, Betwa River, Hindon River Ken River and Tons River. Source: Hindustan Times NASA'S PERSEVERANCE ROVER Syllabus Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: NASA’s Perseverance rover recently made an intriguing discovery that could shed light on the ancient history of Mars and the possibility of past microbial life. Background: The rover has identified a rock named “Cheyava Falls” that exhibits intriguing characteristics, suggesting it may have hosted microbial life billions of years ago. About NASA’s Perseverance rover : Perseverance is part of NASA’s Mars 2020 Mission, which aims to study the geology, climate, and potential habitability of Mars. Its primary goal is to seek signs of ancient microbial life and collect samples for possible return to Earth. Launch and Landing: Launched on July 30, 2020, from Cape Canaveral, Florida, Perseverance embarked on its journey to Mars. It successfully landed in Jezero Crater on February 18, 2021, after a complex entry, descent, and landing sequence. Physical Characteristics: Perseverance is approximately 3 meters long, 2.7 meters wide, and 2.2 meters tall. Despite its car-like size, it weighs only about 1,025 kilograms due to careful design and lightweight materials. Scientific Instruments: The rover is equipped with a suite of scientific instruments, including cameras, spectrometers, and environmental sensors. Its robotic arm features a drill for sampling rocks and regolith (soil) from the Martian surface. Power Source: Perseverance relies on a Multi-Mission Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (MMRTG) for electricity. The MMRTG converts heat from the radioactive decay of plutonium into electrical power, allowing the rover to operate even in harsh Martian conditions. Sample Collection and Return: Perseverance will collect rock and soil samples, encase them in sealed tubes, and leave them on the Martian surface. A future mission (possibly by another rover) will retrieve these samples and bring them back to Earth for detailed analysis. Source: NASA Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements: Inner Line Permit (ILP) is an official travel document issued by the Government to allow inward travel of an Indian citizen into a protected area for a limited period. All the States of North east India except Meghalaya have Inner Line Permit System. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) With reference to the Perseverance rover, consider the following statements: Perseverance is part of NASA’s Mars 2020 Mission, which aims to study the geology, climate, and potential habitability of Mars. Its primary goal is to seek signs of ancient microbial life and collect samples for possible return to Earth. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) Which among the following rivers is not a tributary of the River Yamuna? Chambal Sindh Kosi Betwa Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 29th July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 27th July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – c Q.3) – c

Jul 29, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 29th July 2024

Jul 29, 2024 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP 2024 (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – GS1 Questions [29th July, 2024] – Day 36

Hello Students TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers and is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standards before you write the Mains. You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (9 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal. This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (The RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2025 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here – CLICK HERE To Know More About TLP 2024 (Phase 2) – CLICK HERE To Access Day 36 Questions – CLICK HERE P.S: We would encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best

Jul 29, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 27th July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) PRIVATE BILLS Syllabus Prelims & Mains – Polity Context: MPs from various parties introduced several Private Member’s Bills in the Lower House, including proposals for private sector reservations for the socially disadvantaged, 10 Lok Sabha seats for those under 35, a special package for Dalits and backward communities in Bihar and a special Act to control floods in the state. Background: Private members bill have very less chance of getting through the house. About Private bills An MP who is not a minister is a private member and Bills introduced by private members are referred to as private member’s Bills and those introduced by ministers are called government Bills. Before the private Bill can be listed for introduction, the Member must give at least a month’s notice, for the House Secretariat to examine it for compliance with constitutional provisions and rules on legislation. While a government Bill can be introduced and discussed on any day, a private member’s bill are introduced and discussed on Fridays. To date, only 14 of Private Bills have become Acts. Six of the 14 Bills became law in 1956 and the last one to receive parliamentary approval was the Supreme Court (Enlargement of Criminal Appellate Jurisdiction) Bill, 1968, on August 9, 1970. Importance of Private Members’ Bills lies in the fact that they enable legislators to draw attention to issues which might not be represented in government Bills or to highlight the issues and gaps in the existing legal framework requiring legislative intervention. Though the last private Bill to be passed by Parliament was more than five decades ago, these draft laws constitute a major chunk of legislative business. The 16th Lok Sabha saw 1,114 Private Members’ Bills being introduced. In the last 10 years, as against 78 Government Bills, 459 Private Members’ Bills have been introduced in the Rajya Sabha. Source: Indian Express STORY OF MODERN OLYMPICS Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Paris olympics started on Friday with some celebration events attracting criticism for insensitivity. Background:- The first written evidence of the official Games dates from 776 BC, when the Greeks began measuring time in Olympiads, or the duration between each edition of the Olympic Games. The first Olympic Games were held every four years in honour of the god Zeus. In 393 AD, the Roman Emperor Theodosius I banned the Olympic Games for religious reasons, claiming that they encouraged paganism. They were not revived until the modern era. While French baron Pierre de Coubertin is widely recognized as the “father of the modern Olympics,” the concept dates back to 1830s Greece. Modern Greece and the Revival of the Olympics Greece gained independence after centuries of foreign rule, including four centuries under Ottoman control. The nation faced economic and cultural lag compared to much of Europe. Greek intellectuals viewed independence as a chance for national revival. Poet Panagiotis Soutsos (1806-1868) invoked Greece’s ancient glory to inspire national pride, writing several poems in the early 1830s. Soutsos suggested that March 25, the anniversary of the Greek War of Independence, be marked by a revived version of the ancient Olympics. By the 1850s, Evangelos Zappas, a wealthy veteran of the Greek War of Independence, supported Soutsos’ idea. Zappas proposed to the Greek government to hold the Games which he would fund from his own pocket. After three years of lobbying, Zappas’ Olympics were held in 1859 in a city square in Athens. A number of competitions were organised-and winners received cash prizes. Zappas left his fortune to fund future Olympiads. Thus, the games were held again in 1870, 1875, and 1888. Efforts to revive the ancient Olympics were not limited to Greece. In 1859, inspired by Zappas’ Olympics, W P Brookes, a doctor in Wenlock, England, organized the “Annual Wenlock Olympic Games.” In 1866, he held the first “National Olympic Games” in London, attracting participants from across Britain. The British aristocracy, promoting amateurism, restricted participation to “gentlemen,” a move that was adopted in Greece, leading to a decline in the quality and interest in the early Olympics. In 1880, Brookes proposed an international Olympic competition open to all, aiming to rejuvenate the Olympics. Thus far, both in Britain and Greece, the Olympics had been restricted to nationals. It is this idea that Pierre de Coubertin eventually claimed as his own in 1892, after meeting Brookes and witnessing the Wenlock games in 1890. In 1894, he organized the “Congress for the Revival of the Olympic Games” in Paris, leading to the proposal for the first International Olympic Games in Athens in 1896. The first Olympic Games of the modern era took place in Athens, in the country where the original Games took place in Antiquity, in April 1896. Paris hosted the second Games in 1900. The Paris 1900 Olympic Games saw women compete for the first time. Source: Indian Express MECHANISM TO DEAL WITH CYBER CRIMES Syllabus Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Recently, minister of state in the ministry of home affairs, gave a detailed answer to a question regarding government efforts to tackle cybercrimes in Rajya Sabha. Background: The country has been witnessing a massive increase in cyber crimes. Government efforts to tackle cybercrime The Ministry of Home Affairs has set up the ‘Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre’ (I4C) as an attached office to deal with all types of cyber crime in the country, in a coordinated and comprehensive manner. Seven Joint Cyber Coordination Teams (JCCTs) have been constituted for Mewat, Jamtara, Ahmedabad, Hyderabad, Chandigarh, Vishakhapatnam, and Guwahati under I4C covering the whole country based upon cyber crime hotspots/ areas having multi jurisdictional issues by on boarding States/UTs to enhance the coordination framework among the Law Enforcement Agencies of the States/UTs. The state of the art ‘National Cyber Forensic Laboratory (Investigation)’ has been established, as a part of the I4C, at New Delhi to provide early stage cyber forensic assistance to Investigating Officers (IOs) of State/UT Police. The ‘National Cyber Crime Reporting Portal’ has been launched, as a part of the I4C, to enable public to report incidents pertaining to all types of cyber crimes, with special focus on cyber crimes against women and children. The ‘Citizen Financial Cyber Fraud Reporting and Management System’, under I4C, has been launched for immediate reporting of financial frauds and to stop siphoning off funds by the fraudsters. A toll-free Helpline number ‘1930’ has been operationalized to get assistance in lodging online cyber complaints. The Massive Open Online Courses (MOOC) platform, namely ‘CyTrain’ portal has been developed under I4C, for capacity building of police officers/judicial officers through online course on critical aspects of cyber crime investigation, forensics, prosecution etc. along with certification. The Ministry of Home Affairs has provided financial assistance to states/UT’s under the ‘Cyber Crime Prevention against Women and Children (CCPWC)’ Scheme for their capacity building such as setting up of cyber forensic-cum-training laboratories, hiring of junior cyber consultants and training of LEAs’ personnel, public prosecutors and judicial officers. National Cyber Forensic Laboratory (Evidence) has been set up at Hyderabad. Establishment of this laboratory provides the necessary -5- R.S.US.Q.NO. 249 FOR 24.07.2024 forensic support in cases of evidence related to cyber crime, preserving the evidence and its analysis in line with the provisions of IT Act and Evidence Act; and reduced turnaround time. Source: MHA EXERCISE KHAAN QUEST Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: An Indian contingent is part of the 21st edition of Khaan Quest, a multinational peacekeeping exercise, which commenced in Mongolia on July 27 with an opening ceremony held at the Five Hills Training Area in the Mongolian capital of Ulaanbaatar. Background: The exercise has around 430 participants from 23 countries, including Australia, Canada, China, Japan, Türkiye, the United States, and the United Kingdom, among others. About KHAAN QUEST The exercise first started as a bilateral event between USA and Mongolian Armed Forces in the year 2003. Subsequently, from the year 2006 onwards the exercise graduated to a Multinational Peacekeeping Exercise with current year being the 21st Aim of Exercise KHAAN QUEST is to prepare Indian Armed Forces for peacekeeping missions while operating in a multinational environment, thereby increasing interoperability and military readiness in peace support operations under Chapter VII of United Nations Charter. The exercise will focus on high degree of physical fitness, joint planning and joint tactical drills. Source: PIB PROJECT CHEETAH Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: Banni, a vast grassland in the southern part of Kutch, Gujarat, is being readied to host cheetahs from Africa as part of the next phase of Project Cheetah. Background: Banni offers the advantage of having no leopards, making it a potential long-term site for a larger cheetah population once sufficient prey is established. Key Takeaways : The Cheetah Reintroduction Project in India formally commenced on September 17, 2022, to restore the population of cheetahs, which were declared extinct in the country in 1952. The project involves the translocation of cheetahs from South Africa and Namibia to Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh. The project is implemented by the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) in collaboration with the Madhya Pradesh Forest Department, Wildlife Institute of India (WII), and cheetah experts from Namibia and South Africa. As of now, 20 cheetahs have been introduced in India under Project Cheetah: 8 cheetahs from Namibia (5 males and 3 females) introduced on September 17, 2022, at Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh. 12 cheetahs from South Africa (6 males and 6 females) introduced on February 18, 2023, at Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh. Purpose of Project Cheetah: Reintroduce Cheetahs in India: The primary objective is to reestablish a viable and sustainable population of cheetahs in India. These magnificent animals were declared extinct in the country in 1952, and Project Cheetah aims to reverse this loss. Conservation: Project Cheetah focuses on conserving the genetic diversity of cheetahs. By preserving the species, we ensure that future generations can appreciate and benefit from their existence. Ecosystem Balance: Reintroducing cheetahs plays a crucial role in restoring the balance of the ecosystem. As apex predators, cheetahs help regulate herbivore populations, which in turn affects vegetation and overall forest health. Research and Education: The project supports research and education related to cheetah conservation, ecology, and biology. By improving our understanding of cheetahs, we can better manage their habitats and protect them effectively. Ecotourism: Promoting ecotourism and wildlife tourism generates income and creates jobs for local communities. Simultaneously, it raises awareness about cheetah conservation, fostering a sense of responsibility among visitors. Community Engagement: Engaging local communities is vital. Project Cheetah addresses human-cheetah conflict, encourages coexistence, and ensures that communities actively participate in safeguarding these animals. National Pride: By restoring India’s pride in having cheetahs, the project showcases the country’s commitment to wildlife conservation. Cheetahs symbolize India’s rich biodiversity and cultural heritage. Global Cooperation: Collaboration with international organizations and other countries allows us to share knowledge, expertise, and resources. Together, we can work towards the long-term survival of this iconic species. Source: Hindu BIOPLASTICS FROM CASSAVA Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: A consortium of smallholder farmers in Mokokchung, Nagaland, is pioneering a sustainable shift away from traditional plastics by producing and adopting compostable bioplastic bags derived from Cassava starch. Background: Despite government efforts to ban single-use plastics, the impact has been limited due to the lack of alternative lightweight materials. Key takeaways : Nagaland’s smallholder farmers are leading a remarkable initiative by producing compostable bioplastic bags made from cassava starch. This effort aims to reduce plastic usage and promote eco-friendly alternatives. The initiative producing compostable bioplastic bags made from cassava starch is supported by the North East Centre for Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR), this project is spearheaded by Eco Starch, a local MSME. The primary goal is to replace single-use plastics with biodegradable alternatives. The concept of ‘cassava village’ is central to this initiative, emphasizing local economic growth, alternative livelihoods, and employment opportunities. Cassava-Based Bioplastics: Cassava, a root crop, serves as the raw material for these bioplastic bags. Eco Starch has established a manufacturing facility in Mokokchung, Nagaland, where they produce these eco-friendly bags. Farmers within a 30-40 km radius are mobilized to cultivate cassava, ensuring a steady supply of raw materials. The first cassava harvest is expected within a year, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach. Key Lessons: Sustainable Alternatives: Using locally available resources like cassava showcases the potential for sustainable alternatives to traditional plastics. Community Involvement: Empowering women’s self-help groups (SHGs) and local youth fosters community engagement and inclusive growth. Economic Empowerment: Developing ‘cassava villages’ provides alternative livelihoods and generates employment, benefiting the local economy. Scalability and Expansion: Diversifying product lines can create more jobs and cater to a broader market, further enhancing local economic benefits. Source: PIB Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements about a private bill Only opposition MPs are referred as private members and bills introduced by them are called private bills. Number of Private Bills introduced in parliament have considerably decreased over time. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) With reference to the Cassava-Based Bioplastics initiative in Nagaland, consider the following statements: The initiative to produce compostable bioplastic bags made from cassava starch are supported by the North East Centre for Technology Application and Reach (NECTAR). The concept of ‘cassava village’ is central to this initiative. The primary goal is to replace single-use plastics with biodegradable alternatives. How many of the statements given above are correct? Only one Only two All three None Q3.) With reference to the project cheetah, consider the following statements: Project Cheetah is a program to reintroduce cheetahs to India which were declared extinct in the country in 1952. The project involves the translocation of cheetahs from South Africa and Namibia to Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 27th July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 26th July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – a Q.3) – c

Jul 27, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 27th July 2024

Jul 27, 2024 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP 2024 (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – Essay Questions [27th July, 2024] – Day 34

Hello Students TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers and is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standards before you write the Mains. You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (9 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal. This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (The RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2025 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here - CLICK HERE To Know More About TLP 2024 (Phase 2) - CLICK HERE To Access Day 34 Questions - CLICK HERE P.S: We would encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best

Jul 26, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 26th July 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) INDIA’S ILLEGAL COAL MINING PROBLEM Syllabus Mains – GS 2 & GS 3 Context: Recently, three workers died of asphyxiation inside an illegal coal mine in Gujarat’s Surendranagar district. Background: The Surendranagar incident is not an isolated case. In June 2023, an illegal mine collapse in the Dhanbad district of Jharkhand tragically claimed the lives of three people, including a ten-year-old child. Similarly, in October 2023, at least three individuals perished in Paschim Bardhaman district, West Bengal, due to a coal mine collapse during illegal extraction. About Coal mining in India Coal in India was nationalised in two phases: first with the coking coal (used for the production of coke in the steel industry) in 1971-72; and then with the non-coking coal mines in 1973. The Coal Mines (Nationalisation) Act, 1973 is the central legislation that determines eligibility for coal mining in India. Illegal mining constitutes a law and order problem, which is a State list subject. Hence, the onus of dealing with it falls on State governments. Why is illegal coal mining rampant in India? According to the Ministry of Coal, illegal mining in India is mostly carried out in abandoned mines or shallow coal seams in remote or isolated places. Several factors contribute to illegal coal mining in India: Coal, the most abundant fossil fuel in India, meets 55% of the country’s energy needs. The high demand for power often exceeds the legal supply of coal, leading to illegal mining. Coal-rich areas are often near impoverished communities, leading to illegal mining due to poverty and unemployment. In remote areas, inadequate monitoring and lack of resources lead to weak enforcement of regulations. This fosters the rise of “coal mafias,” as seen in multiple illegal coal mining cases in India. For instance, in 2018, activist Marshall Biam of the North East Indigenous People’s Federation accused a “police-backed” coal gang of threatening him. Mining tragedies are common in coal-rich Meghalaya. Illegal coal mining often receives tacit support from political leaders, making it difficult to curb. Despite a 2014 NGT ban, illegal rat-hole mining persists in Assam, Meghalaya, and other northeastern states, allegedly with political and official collusion. Illegal mining often employs rudimentary techniques like surface mining and rat-hole mining instead of the scientific methods used in legal operations. In areas with shallow coal seams, illegal miners use limited safety equipment. The low operational costs and high profits make illegal mining lucrative. Illegal coal mining is not new; it predates coal nationalization. In many areas, local economies depend on mining, and when official mining operations end, illegal mining supports the community. Source: Hindu KARGIL VIJAY DIWAS Syllabus Prelims & Mains – SECURITY ISSUES Context: Kargil Vijay Diwas, observed annually on 26th July, commemorates India’s victory over Pakistan and honors the sacrifices of soldiers who overcame immense challenges to achieve victory in Kargil. Background:- India’s hard-fought victory in the Kargil War illustrated the timeless challenges posed by combat at high altitude – challenges which are as deadly, if not more, than the enemy itself. The Kargil War The conflict began when Pakistani infiltrators crossed the LoC and occupied high positions in Kargil, Ladakh. Initially reported to the Indian Army on May 3, these infiltrators were thought to be jihadists. However, over the following weeks, the scale of the invasion revealed undeniable involvement by the Pakistani state. Between mid-May and July, the Indian forces slowly recaptured critical positions from the Pakistanis, in the face of heavy casualties. The Army announcing the complete withdrawal of all Pakistani regular and irregular troops from Kargil on July 26. Beyond the enemy infiltrators, who were well-armed and supported by non-stop shelling from the Pakistani side, the conditions of Kargil were a challenge in and of themselves. Trial by altitude Kargil is located at the northern edge of the LoC, some 200 km northeast of Srinagar and 230 km west of Leh. Kargil town lies at an altitude of 2,676 m (8,780 ft), Dras lies at a height of 3,300 m (10,800 ft), and the surrounding peaks rise to altitudes of 4,800 m (16,000 ft) to 5,500 m (18,000 ft). These extreme heights cause severe physiological effects on the one’s body — and equipment. The first challenge was the crippling cold. The battlefield in Kargil lay in a cold desert where winter temperatures dropped to as low as -30 degrees Celsius. Even in summer, frigid winds and a barren landscape made it inhospitable. The cold affected both men and machines, with guns jamming and soldiers expending great energy to stay warm. The second challenge was the thin air and reduced oxygen levels, causing acute mountain sickness (AMS) among soldiers, with symptoms like headaches, nausea, and fatigue. This low air pressure weakened soldiers and impacted weapon and aircraft performance. While it increased projectile range, accuracy suffered, and aircraft engines produced less power, with helicopters experiencing reduced rotor efficiency. Lastly, the terrain imposed significant restrictions on soldiers. It reduced mobility, provided cover to the enemy, and limited the scope of operations. During the Kargil War, the Indian Army was at a particular disadvantage with the enemy occupying high positions overlooking the positions held by Indians. Victory against all odds Against relentless enemy fire and unforgiving conditions, the Indian Army freed Kargil’s peaks of Pakistani intruders. The early stages of the war revealed crucial lessons, as both the Army and Air Force found themselves unprepared for large-scale high-altitude combat. Many soldiers suffered from AMS, leading to some casualties, and inadequate cold-weather gear posed additional challenges. Meanwhile, the difficult terrain and Pakistan’s persistent shelling of NH 1A created significant logistical issues. The Army adapted its methods to address these challenges by implementing acclimatization and training programs for soldiers. Improved cold-weather equipment was procured, though shortages persisted. High-altitude assault techniques were refined, shifting from daytime frontal attacks to small groups scaling near-vertical terrain. The Army’s key strategy involved combining overwhelming firepower with daring maneuvers. Massive artillery barrages preceded all attacks. Given limitations of providing air cover to the ground forces due to the altitude and the terrain, the Army relied heavily on artillery, particularly the Bofors gun, whose range nearly doubled in Kargil’s thin air. Source: Indian Express DARK OXYGEN Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: Researchers have discovered “dark oxygen” being produced in the deep ocean. Background: The recent study published in Nature Geoscience, a journal dedicated to Earth sciences research, shows oxygen emitted from mineral deposits 4,000 meters (about 13,000 feet) below the ocean’s surface on the seafloor of the Pacific Ocean’s Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ). Key takeaways Oxygen is essential for life on Earth, and we’ve long associated it with photosynthesis—the process by which plants and algae produce oxygen using sunlight. However, recent discovery challenge this understanding. Scientists have found evidence of an additional source of oxygen called dark oxygen. What Is Dark Oxygen?: Dark oxygen is produced deep under the sea without sunlight. Polymetallic nodules, which are naturally occurring mineral masses found on the ocean floor, play a crucial role in this newly discovered process. These nodules, made up of metals like manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, and lithium, can generate oxygen through electrochemical activity even in the absence of light. Implications and Significance: Until now, we believed that all oxygen came from photosynthetic organisms (plants and algae). Dark oxygen challenges this notion, suggesting that there might be alternative oxygen sources. It raises intriguing questions about the origins of life on Earth. Where Did Dark Oxygen Come From?: Scientists discovered dark oxygen at a depth of 4,000 meters (about 13,000 feet) below the ocean’s surface , specifically from the pacific ocean’s Clarion-Clipperton Zone (CCZ). The fact that it’s produced without sunlight implies that life might have existed before photosynthesis emerged. Source: Hindustantimes GREENIUM Syllabus Prelims – ECONOMY Context: Chief Economic Advisor V. Anantha Nageswaran recently said that private investors need to “walk the talk” on prioritising sustainable investments citing the low “greenium” from them on India’s sovereign green bond offerings. Background: Chief Economic Advisor’s statement highlights an important challenge faced by India and other countries: encouraging private investors to actively support sustainable projects. About GREENIUM : The term greenium, also known as the green premium, refers to a pricing benefit associated with green bonds. The greenium represents the difference in yield between a green bond and a conventional bond issued by the same entity. Green bonds typically offer lower interest rates (yields) compared to traditional government securities (like regular government bonds). Investors are willing to accept these lower yields because of the appeal of sustainability. They prioritize supporting environmentally friendly projects. Long-term green projects are associated with reduced physical and financial risk. Investors are willing to settle for lower returns due to this reduced risk. As a result, issuers benefit from the cost savings (the greenium) on coupon payments for green bonds. Green Bonds: Green bonds are debt instruments issued by governments, corporations, or other entities to fund specific projects or activities that have positive environmental impacts. These projects are categorized as “green” based on national or international green taxonomies. Examples include renewable energy projects, electric buses, and energy-efficient initiatives. Source: Money Control DIGITAL POSTAL INDEX NUMBER (DIGIPIN) Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Department of Posts releases a beta version of DIGIPIN (Digital Postal Index Number) for public comments and expert opinion. Background: The concept of a standardized, geo-coded system like DIGIPIN can greatly enhance efficiency and accuracy in delivering services. About DIGIPIN : Digital Postal Index Number (DIGIPIN) is an initiative by the Department of Posts in India. Purpose and Objective: DIGIPIN aims to establish a geo-coded addressing system across India. It is designed to create a National Addressing Grid and simplify addressing solutions for citizen-centric delivery of public and private services. Development and Collaboration: The Department of Posts developed DIGIPIN in collaboration with IIT Hyderabad. It serves as a strong and robust pillar for Geospatial Governance and acts as a base layer for other ecosystems. Features: DIGIPIN allows for logical location of addresses with directional properties built into it. It provides a unique code for each location, facilitating precise identification. Significance: As India continues to digitize and improve its postal services, DIGIPIN plays a crucial role in enhancing address accuracy and accessibility. Source: PTI Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the Digital Postal Index Number (DIGIPIN), consider the following statements: Digital Postal Index Number is an initiative by the Department of Posts in India. DIGIPIN aims to establish a geo-coded addressing system across India. It is designed to create a National Addressing Grid and simplify addressing solutions for citizen-centric delivery of public and private services. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only 2 and 3 only 1,2 and 3 Q2.)Polymetallic nodules, recently seen in news, are found in Ocean floor Shallow coal mines High altitude regions None of the above Q3.) With reference to the greenium, consider the following statements: The greenium represents the difference in yield between a green bond and a conventional bond issued by the same entity. Green bonds typically offer higher interest rates compared to traditional government securities. Which of the statements given above is/are correct ? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ 26th July 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 25th July – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – d Q.2) – a Q.3) – a For a dedicated peer group, Motivation & Quick updates, Join our official telegram channel – https://t.me/IASbabaOfficialAccount Subscribe to our YouTube Channel HERE to watch Explainer Videos, Strategy Sessions, Toppers Talks & many more…

Jul 26, 2024 TLP Mains Answer Writing

IASbaba’s TLP 2024 (Phase 2): UPSC Mains Answer Writing – Essay Questions [26th July, 2024] – Day 33

Hello Students TLP has been an integral ingredient of success for many toppers and is no secret. In the ‘must do’ list for the civil services exam, TLP is by far the most popular initiative. The popularity stems from the unparalleled quality of questions and synopsis posted in TLP. We strive hard to ensure that you get the real feel of UPSC standards before you write the Mains. You already know the features of TLP. Just to reiterate briefly, in the TLP initiative, we post 5 questions daily for a certain number of weeks (9 for this one). We follow a micro plan that is designed to give you daily targets. The questions are from the day’s syllabus and also from current affairs and you are expected to write the answers and post them on the portal. This year onwards TLP will have a Dedicated Portal for Focused Preparation (tlpmains.iasbaba.com). There will be a separate dedicated portal similar to (The RaRe Series) which students loved and appreciated. The Portal will help you stay focused and keep your preparation streamlined. The Registration link for the dedicated portal is given at the end of the post. We are charging a token amount of 10/- for registration to the dedicated portal. We are doing it because we want to create a community of sincere aspirants who are focused and motivated till the Mains Examination. Please don’t take it otherwise. It is our honest effort to give you the best and at the same time expect students to come with the same energy and dedication to the dedicated platform specially designed for YOU! Join our bandwagon, you won’t regret it. UPSC 2025 Aspirants are encouraged to participate as well. Register Here - CLICK HERE To Know More About TLP 2024 (Phase 2) - CLICK HERE To Access Day 33 Questions - CLICK HERE P.S: We would encourage peer reviews. So friends get actively involved and start reviewing each other’s answers. This will keep the entire community motivated. All the Best