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Dec 5, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 5th December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) PRODUCTION-LINKED INCENTIVE (PLI) AND JOB CREATION Syllabus: Mains – ECONOMY Context: The Government’s flagship Production-Linked Incentive (PLI) scheme to boost domestic manufacturing has been a mixed bag so far in terms of job creation. Background: – Data obtained through RTI reveals that sectors such as textiles and advanced chemical cells are yet to make a mark, some others such as mobile phones, food processing and pharma have done very well, and some like auto, IT hardware and specialty steel are slow to gain momentum. Key takeaways The PLI scheme aims to boost domestic manufacturing and generate employment across 14 sectors, including textiles, advanced chemical cells (ACC), solar modules, auto and auto components, IT hardware, specialty steel, mobile phones, telecom, medical devices, white goods, pharmaceuticals, food processing, drones, and drug intermediates. Job Creation under PLI Scheme Overall Performance: The scheme has created 5.84 lakh direct jobs till June 2024. This constitutes 36% of the total 16.2 lakh direct jobs targeted over the next five years or so across the 14 sectors. Sector-Wise Contribution: Just three sectors – food processing, pharmaceuticals, and mobile phones (large-scale electronics manufacturing) – accounted for over 75% (4.47 lakh) of the total jobs created. Performance of sectors under PLI: Mobile Phones (Large-Scale Electronics Manufacturing): Created 1.22 lakh jobs, establishing a strong assembly base in India. Companies like Apple have contributed significantly via contract assemblers such as Foxconn, shifting production from China to India. Food Processing Sector: Created 2.45 lakh jobs (against a target of 2.5 lakh jobs by 2026-27). Pharmaceuticals Sector: Performed well, contributing significantly to job creation. Underperforming Sectors an slow moving sectors: Automobiles and Auto Components: Created 32,081 jobs against a five-year target of 1.45 lakh jobs. Solar Modules: Created 9,521 jobs against a target of 1.95 lakh over five years. Textiles: Target: 2.5 lakh jobs by 2026. Actual: Only 12,607 jobs created over two years and three months till June 2024. Stakeholders cite difficult eligibility criteria for smaller entities. Advanced Chemical Cell (ACC) Battery Storage: Aims to establish giga-scale battery facilities. Actual: Only 802 jobs created as production has not yet commenced. Selected Bidders: Ola, Reliance Industries, etc. Specialty Steel and IT Hardware: Progress is slow, with employment targets yet to be met. Source: Indian Express ICJ BEGINS HEARING ON CLIMATE CHANGE CASE Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: The International Court of Justice (ICJ) began hearings in a landmark climate change case, examining what countries worldwide are legally required to do to combat climate change and help vulnerable nations fight its devastating impact. Background: – Lawyers and representatives from more than 100 countries and organisations will make submissions before the ICJ in The Hague. What are the hearings about? The two central questions asked of the Court are as follows: What are the obligations of States under international law to ensure the protection of the climate system and other parts of the environment from anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases for States and for present and future generations; What are the legal consequences under these obligations for States where they, by their acts and omissions, have caused significant harm to the climate system and other parts of the environment, with respect to: States, including, in particular, small island developing States, which due to their geographical circumstances and level of development, are injured or specifically affected by, or are particularly vulnerable to, the adverse effects of climate change? Peoples and individuals of the present and future generations affected by the adverse effects of climate change? How did this case come to the ICJ? In September 2021, the Pacific island of Vanuatu announced its intention to seek an advisory opinion from the ICJ on climate change. Vanuatu then lobbied other countries and formed the core group of UN Member States to take the initiative forward. The discussions within the core group led to resolution A/RES/77/276, which was adopted by the General Assembly on 29 March 2023. The resolution drew upon “particular regard” to the UN Charter, the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights, the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, the Paris Agreement, the UN Convention on the Law of the Sea and rights recognised in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, “the principle of prevention of significant harm to the environment and the duty to protect and preserve the marine environment”. Who is authorised to request advisory opinions ? Advisory proceedings are only open to five organs of the United Nations and 16 specialised agencies of the UN. While the UN General Assembly and Security Council may request advisory opinions on “any legal question”, the other UN organs and specialised agencies can only do so with respect to “legal questions arising within the scope of their activities”.  Why is this case so significant? This case is the largest ever seen by the world court. Significantly, they are taking place a week after developing nations criticised a deal at COP29 to provide $300 billion a year in climate finance by 2035, calling the agreement “insulting” and arguing it did not give them the resources they require to address the climate crisis. With small island developing states already facing impacts of climate change, these hearings are vital to establish a stronger framework of accountability that sets clear international legal obligations for climate action. What effect can an advisory opinion have? Court’s advisory opinions are not binding. They clarify legal questions. The requesting organ, agency or organization – the General Assembly in this particular case – remains free to decide, as it sees fit, what effect to give to these opinions. Advisory opinions carry great moral authority by what is considered the world’s highest court and the principal judicial body of the UN. This opinion on climate change can help inform subsequent judicial proceedings such as domestic cases, influence the diplomatic process and will likely be cited in thousands of climate-driven lawsuits around the world. Source: UN News ARAVALI GREEN WALL PROJECT (AGWP) Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: At United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) CoP16, India showcased its ambitious ‘Aravali Green Wall’ project to the global community. Background: AGWP, launched in 2023, is a major initiative to green the 5 km buffer area around the Aravalli range in four states. Key takeaways The Aravalli Green Wall Project is part of the Union Environment Ministry’s vision to create green corridor to combat land degradation and desertification. The project covers states of Haryana, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Delhi – where the Aravalli hills landscape span over 6 million hectares of land. The project will involve planting native species of trees and shrubs on scrubland, wasteland and degraded forest land, along with rejuvenating and restoring surface water bodies such as ponds, lakes and streams. The project will also focus on agroforestry and pasture development to enhance the livelihoods of local communities. The major objectives of Aravalli Green Wall Project are: Improving the ecological health of the Aravalli range. To prevent eastward expansion of Thar Desert and to reduce land degradation by creating green barriers that will prevent soil erosion, desertification and dust storms. Promote sustainable development and livelihood opportunities by involving local communities in afforestation, agro-forestry and water conservation activities that will generate income, employment, food security and social benefits. Contribute to India’s commitments under various international conventions such as UNCCD (United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification), CBD (Convention on Biological Diversity) and UNFCCC (United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change). Source: Times Of India ASHTAMUDI LAKE Syllabus: Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: The State Level Monitoring Committee (SLMC) appointed by the National Green Tribunal, has recommended implementation of projects in a time-bound manner to check the illegal discharge of waste into Ashtamudi Lake. Background: – A preliminary examination indicates the presence of excessive ‘algae bloom’, which is the direct result of discharge of biowaste, including septage into the waterbody, SLMC said in its report on the mass fish kill reported in Ashtamudi Lake on October 27. Key takeaways Location: Ashtamudi Lake is situated in the southern part of Kerala, near the city of Kollam. Shape: The lake is palm-shaped (also described as octopus-shaped) with multiple branches, hence the name “Ashtamudi,” which means “eight-hills” in Malayalam. Size: It is the second-largest lake in Kerala, covering an area of 61.4 square kilometers. Ecological Significance: Ramsar Wetland: Ashtamudi Lake is designated as a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance, recognizing its ecological significance. Biodiversity: The lake supports a rich variety of flora and fauna, including mangroves, marshy vegetation, and various fish species. Water Source: The primary inflow to the lake is the Kallada River, and it connects to the Arabian Sea through the Neendakara estuary. Cultural and Historical Importance: Historical Port: Kollam, located on the banks of Ashtamudi Lake, was an important port city in ancient times, known as Quilon. Trade Hub: The lake has historical significance dating back to the 14th century, serving as a major trading center. Houseboats: Ashtamudi Lake is famous for its houseboat cruises, offering a serene experience through the backwaters. Source: The Hindu SEXUAL HARASSMENT OF WOMEN AT WORKPLACE (PREVENTION, PROHIBITION AND REDRESSAL) ACT, 2013 (POSH ACT) Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – POLITY Context: The Supreme Court issued detailed directions to ensure effective implementation of the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition and Redressal) Act, 2013 (POSH Act), for implementation across the states and union territories. Background: – The apex court in a May 2023 judgment, had expressed its discontent that even a decade after the enactment of POSH Act, serious lapses continue to exist in its effective enforcement. Key takeaways Enacted in 2013 to provide protection against sexual harassment of women at the workplace and ensure their right to work with dignity. Definition of Sexual Harassment – As per the Act, sexual harassment includes: Physical contact and advances. A demand or request for sexual favors. Making sexually colored remarks. Showing pornography. Any other unwelcome physical, verbal, or non-verbal conduct of a sexual nature. Scope of the Act Covers women working in both the organized and unorganized sectors. Includes regular, temporary, ad hoc, or daily wage employees, trainees, apprentices, and women working through a contract or consultant. Workplace Definition Extends to private and public offices, government institutions, NGOs, and even the premises of employers such as vehicles or any place visited by the employee during work. Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) Every employer is required to constitute an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) at each office or branch with 10 or more employees. The ICC is responsible for receiving and addressing complaints of sexual harassment. ICC Composition: Presiding Officer: A senior woman employee. At least two members committed to women’s issues or having legal knowledge. One external member from an NGO or legal background. ICC’s Role: Inquire into complaints. Recommend actions such as warnings, salary deductions, termination, or other disciplinary measures. Local Complaints Committee (LCC) For establishments with fewer than 10 employees or when the employer is the respondent, complaints are directed to an LCC set up by the District Officer. Complaint Mechanism: Complaints must be submitted in writing to the IC or LC within 3 months from the date of the incident. IC/LC can extend this period by 3 months for valid reasons. The IC/LC must complete the inquiry within 90 days. Punishment and Compensation: Disciplinary actions include written apologies, warnings, reprimands, suspension, or termination of employment. Compensation can be awarded to the aggrieved woman, considering the severity of the harassment and its impact. Duties of Employers: Employers are required to provide a safe working environment, display notices about the penal consequences of sexual harassment, organize workshops and awareness programs, and assist in securing the attendance of the respondent and witnesses during the inquiry. Penalties: The Act prescribes penalties for non-compliance, including fines and cancellation of business licenses. It also provides for punishment for false or malicious complaints. Source: Livelaw Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements about Ashtamudi Lake: It is the largest lake in Kerala. The primary inflow to the lake is the Kallada River. It is designated as a Ramsar Wetland of International Importance. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Which of the following is NOT a provision under the Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace (Prevention, Prohibition, and Redressal) Act, 2013? (a) Constitution of an Internal Complaints Committee (ICC) in every organization with 10 or more employees. (b) Complaints must be submitted in writing within 90 days of the incident. (c) The Act applies only to women working in the organized sector. (d) The ICC must complete the inquiry process within 90 days. Q3.) The Aravalli Green Wall Project aims to achieve which of the following objectives? Prevent the eastward expansion of the Thar Desert. Promote agroforestry and pasture development to enhance local livelihoods. Rejuvenate rivers flowing through the Maikal hills. Contribute to India’s commitments under international conventions like UNCCD and UNFCCC. Select the correct answer using the code below: (a) 1 and 4 only (b) 1, 2, and 4 only (c) 1, 2, and 3 only (d) 1, 2, 3, and 4 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 3rd December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – a Q.3) – a

Dec 5, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 5th December 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Dec 4, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 3rd December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) TRUMP THREAT TO BRICS: GIVE UP IDEA OF REPLACING DOLLAR OR FACE 100% TARIFFS Syllabus: Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: Setting the stage to counter any challenge to the dollar’s domination in global trade, US President-elect Donald Trump has threatened the BRICS grouping with “100 per cent tariffs” if they moved to create a new currency or back any other option as the world’s reserve. Background: – BRICS stands for Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, the original five members. This year, the group admitted four new members — Egypt, Ethiopia, Iran and UAE — and now represents almost half the world’s population and almost one quarter of its economy. Key takeaways USD accounts for over 90 per cent of global transactions. Trump’s latest remarks come amid divergent views on the issue at the BRICS summit in October. Russian President Vladimir Putin had warned that the “dollar is being used as a weapon”. But Prime Minister Modi had cautioned that the grouping should not acquire the image of one that is trying to replace global institutions. Several countries have been looking at other “mechanisms” after the US “weaponised the global financial infrastructure” by throwing Iran and Russia out of the Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT), which is the key to international transactions. IMF’s Currency Composition of Official Foreign Exchange Reserves (COFER) has pointed to a gradual decline in the dollar’s share of central bank and government foreign reserves. But the reduced role of the US dollar over the past two decades has not been matched by corresponding increases in the shares of the other “big four” currencies, the euro, yen and pound. Rather, this has been accompanied by a rise in the share of what we refer to as non-traditional reserve currencies, including the Australian dollar, Canadian dollar, Chinese renminbi, South Korean won, Singaporean dollar, and the Nordic currencies. Significantly, the IMF also said that one non-traditional reserve currency gaining market share is the Chinese renminbi, whose gains match a quarter of the decline in the dollar’s share. The Chinese government has been advancing policies on multiple fronts to promote renminbi internationalization, including the development of a cross-border payment system, the extension of swap lines, and piloting a central bank digital currency. In India, an effort to reduce reliance on the US dollar and internationalise the rupee saw the RBI allowing invoicing and payments for global trade in rupees in 2022 after sanctions were imposed on Russia amid the Ukraine war. According to the BIS Triennial Central Bank Survey 2022, foreign exchange market turnover — daily averages — shows that the US dollar accounted for 88 per cent of the global forex turnover while the rupee accounted for 1.6 per cent. The survey stated that if rupee turnover rises to equal the share of non-US, non-Euro currencies in global forex turnover of 4 per cent, it will be regarded as an international currency. Source: Indian Express THE TOXINS OF THE BHOPAL DISASTER Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: Forty years after the Bhopal disaster on December 2-3, 1984, several hundred tonnes of toxic waste still remain around the ill-fated Union Carbide plant. Background: – Despite pleas from locals and activists — bolstered over the years by orders from the National Green Tribunal and the Supreme Court — to dispose of the waste, the Madhya Pradesh government has only been able to get rid of a small fraction. Key takeaways Union Carbide India, Ltd. (UCIL) built the Bhopal plant in the 1960s to manufacture an insecticide called carbaryl using a reaction of methyl isocyanate (MIC) with 1-naphthol. MIC is a highly toxic compound. It reacts with water at high temperatures and its reaction with water also releases heat. On the night of December 2, 1984, a large quantity of water entered a tank storing MIC at the plant such that the MIC was soon boiling. Facilities at the plant to cool the tank were otherwise diverted, leaving MIC vapours to escape to the environment and spread. MIC doesn’t have a particular smell at concentrations at which other gases may become noticeable but it can irritate the eyes. However, given the hours, most of the people exposed to the gas were asleep. The Union Carbide Corporation has never officially specified which gases were leaked from the plant, including MIC. This decision also compromised health workers’ ability to respond effectively to the hordes of people who showed up in clinics and hospitals in Bhopal that night and the next day. Some visual cues, including the blood-red colour of the viscera of those who died, also raised concerns that hydrogen cyanide was present in the fumes. What are the toxins at the plant? A report by Greenpeace released in 1999, based on analyses of samples collected at the site reported the presence of mercury, chromium, copper, nickel, and lead. The report also noted the presence of hexachlorobutadiene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and trichlorobenzene, among other compounds. How toxic are heavy metals? Chromium, copper, lead, mercury, and nickel are classified as heavy metals because their density is at least 5x that of water. Mercury has been known to damage multiple organs even at low concentrations by accumulating in soft tissue and preventing normal cellular function. There is evidence for arsenic and its compounds being able to cause cancers of the urinary bladder and the lungs; for hexavalent chromium to cause cancers of the lungs; and for nickel and its mixtures to cause cancers of the lungs, nose, nasal cavity, and the paranasal sinuses. Chromium is an essential nutrient required by the human body to promote the action of insulin for the utilisation of sugars, proteins and fats. But high doses of chromium and long exposure can give rise to various cytotoxic and genotoxic reactions that affect the immune system of the body. Lead is capable of damaging chlorophyll and disrupting photosynthesis in plants and rendering structural damage to cells and hampering their ability to produce energy in animals. How are organic compounds harmful? Hexachlorobutadiene is a possible carcinogen. When inhaled, ingested, or brought in contact with skin, this compound can cause the liver to store too much fat (hepatic steatosis), destroy cells in the kidneys involved in producing urine, and inhibit brain activity, among other effects. Chloroform by another name is trichloromethane, and is infamous for its effects on the central nervous system. At a sufficient concentration, it can cause an adult to faint, but at even higher ones it can cause death. Carbon tetrachloride, a.k.a. carbon tet, is classified as an “acute toxin” and a “health hazard”. According to at least one review, ingesting 1 ml of carbon tet can also blur vision, damage nerves, and/or cause heartbeat to become irregular. Trichlorobenzene is volatile and spread easily through the air, although they have also been found in groundwater and in surface water bodies like lakes. These compounds build up in the body’s fatty tissues and at high concentrations can damage the liver and the kidneys. Source: The Hindu ANTHRAX Syllabus: Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: A female elephant died due to suspected anthrax at the at the Bandipur Tiger Reserve. Background: The incident came to light during the regular patrolling of the forest department staff in the area. Key takeaways Anthrax is a serious infectious disease caused by the spore-forming bacterium Bacillus anthracis. The bacteria produce spores that can live in the ground for years. Wild animals like deer, and livestock such as cattle or sheep, can inhale or ingest the dormant (inactive) spores while grazing. After mixing with bodily fluids, anthrax bacteria activate, multiply and spread throughout body. The bacteria cause a toxic, potentially deadly reaction. The same process happens to people who inhale, ingest or come into skin contact with the spores. Anthrax isn’t contagious like chickenpox or the flu. Rarely, people develop cutaneous anthrax after coming into direct contact with another person’s infected skin lesion. Antibiotics are the first line of treatment for this potentially deadly infection. There are other treatments, including a vaccine. Types of anthrax: The types of anthrax reflect the different ways the bacteria enter your body. Anthrax types include – Cutaneous (skin): Bacteria infect your body through a wound in your skin. Cutaneous anthrax is the most common and least deadly form. Gastrointestinal: This type affects people who eat undercooked or raw meat from an infected animal. Inhalation: People who breathe in anthrax spores can develop this deadly form of anthrax. Injection: People who inject heroin can get injection anthrax. Anthrax is found all over the world. Disease outbreaks tend to occur in developing countries that don’t vaccinate livestock against the infection. Is anthrax a biological weapon? A bioterrorism anthrax attack using anthrax spores is a possibility. In 2001, a U.S. military researcher mailed envelopes containing anthrax powder to members of Congress and the media. Five of the 22 people who developed cutaneous or inhalation anthrax died. Source: Times Of India UGANDA Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Fifteen people have died and at least 100 more are missing after a landslide buried dozens of homes across several villages in eastern Uganda. Background: – The landslides happened after heavy rains in the mountainous district of Bulambuli, where landslides are common. The district is about 280 kilometers (173miles) east of the capital, Kampala. Key takeaways Uganda, officially known as the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country located in East Africa. Independence: Uganda gained independence from the United Kingdom on October 9, 1962. Colonial Period: Before independence, Uganda was a British protectorate established in 1894. Historical Events: The country has experienced significant political turmoil, including the brutal regime of Idi Amin in the 1970s and subsequent periods of instability. Location: Uganda is bordered by Kenya to the east, South Sudan to the north, the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, Rwanda to the southwest, and Tanzania to the south. Lake Victoria: A significant portion of Uganda’s southern border is formed by Lake Victoria, the largest freshwater lake in Africa. Climate: Uganda has a varied equatorial climate, with two rainy seasons and two dry seasons. Population: As of 2024, Uganda has a population of around 49 million people. Capital City: The capital and largest city is Kampala, which is home to about 8.5 million people. Ethnic Groups: Uganda is home to dozens of ethnic groups, with the Baganda being the largest at 16.5% of the population. Official Languages: English and Swahili are the official languages. Source: Indian Express NAFITHROMYCIN Syllabus: Prelims – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Recently, the government announced the soft launch of Nafithromycin, India’s first indigenously developed antibiotic designed to combat antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Background: – This development brings hope for treating drug-resistant pneumonia, which is responsible for over two million deaths globally each year. Key takeaways Nafithromycin is designed for the treatment of Community-Acquired Bacterial Pneumonia (CABP), a serious illness caused by drug-resistant bacteria that affects vulnerable populations, including children, the elderly, and immunocompromised individuals such as patients with diabetes and cancer. India currently has 23 per cent of the world’s community pneumonia burden. Nafithromycin is marketed as “Miqnaf” by the pharmaceutical company Wolkardt. It has been developed with support from the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC), which is a unit of the Department of Biotechnology. Nafithromycin targets both typical and atypical pathogens, providing a strong solution in a time when no new antibiotics in this class have been developed globally for over thirty years. Pneumonia Pneumonia is a disease that affects the lungs. The lungs have small air sacs called alveoli, which fill with air when you breathe in. When an individual has pneumonia, the alveoli are filled with pus and fluid, which makes breathing painful and limits oxygen intake. Pneumonia can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or mycoplasma. The most common bacterial cause is Streptococcus pneumoniae, while common viral causes include influenza and COVID-19. Source: Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to anthrax, consider the following statements: Anthrax is caused by a virus and primarily affects humans. Inhalation anthrax is more fatal than cutaneous anthrax. Vaccination of livestock can help prevent its spread. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) With reference to Uganda, consider the following statements: Uganda is a landlocked country in East Africa. Lake Victoria, the largest freshwater lake in Africa, forms a significant portion of Uganda’s western border. Swahili is one of the official languages of Uganda. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) With reference to Nafithromycin, consider the following statements: It is the first indigenously developed antibiotic in India. It specifically targets only typical bacterial pathogens causing pneumonia. It was developed with support from the Biotechnology Industry Research Assistance Council (BIRAC). Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 2nd December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – a Q.2) – a Q.3) – a

Dec 4, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 4th December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) NANDALAL BOSE Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ART & CULTURE Context: 3rd December marked the birth anniversary of Nandalal Bose, who is recognized as one of the pioneers of modern Indian art and a prominent figure in the neo-Bengal school. Background: – Bose played a significant role in training generations of artists. He was greatly admired by his contemporaries and inspired his students to draw inspiration from both nature and various art traditions, just as he did. Key takeaways Born in Munger, Bihar, on December 3, 1882, Bose was one of the greatest exponents of modern art. He was mentored by Abanindranath Tagore and was renowned for his distinctive “Indian style” of painting. In 1922, he became the principal of Kala Bhavan in Santiniketan. His influences encompassed many styles, including Japanese Nihonga traditions, Mughal and Rajasthani miniatures, palm-leaf manuscripts, and murals found in the Ajanta Caves. Notable Works: Some of his famous works include “Yama and Savitri” (1913) and “Kirat-Arjuna”. During a period when India’s artistic traditions had significantly diminished due to years of British colonial rule, Nandalal Bose played a pivotal role in the cultural regeneration and independence of the nation through his contributions in art and education. Nandalal Bose passed away in 1966, in Santiniketan, West Bengal. He received numerous accolades including the Padma Vibhushan. The National Gallery of Modern Art houses over 6,800 of his works in its collection. Archaeological Survey of India has recognised the works of Nandalal Bose as “art treasures” under the Antiquities and Art Treasures Act of 1972. Source: Indian Express RATAPANI TIGER RESERVE Syllabus: Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: The Ratapani Wildlife Sanctuary in Madhya Pradesh was declared a tiger reserve following in-principle approval from the Ministry of Environment, Forest, and Climate Change through the National Tiger Conservation Authority. Background: – This development comes against the backdrop of Madhav National Park (Madhya Pradesh) also receiving approval to be declared a tiger reserve. Ratapani is the 57th tiger reserve in India, marking a significant step in tiger conservation efforts Key takeaways The notification delineates the core and buffer areas, making Ratapani the eighth tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh. The core area spans 763.8 square kilometers, while the buffer area covers 507.6 square kilometers, making the total area of the Ratapani Tiger Reserve 1,271.4 square kilometers. The notification was issued under Section 38V of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, acknowledging the core area as a critical tiger habitat. Sitting in the lap of the Vindhya hills, the sanctuary encompasses a World Heritage Site – the Bhimbetka Rock Shelters – and many historical and religious destinations. The reserve is home to a rich variety of flora and fauna, including teak forests, bamboo, and a diverse range of wildlife. Source: Indian Express LAND DEGRADATION IS THREATENING EARTH’S CAPACITY TO SUSTAIN HUMANITY Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: Land degradation is undermining Earth’s capacity to sustain humanity, and failure to reverse it will pose challenges for generations to come, a new United Nations report found. Background: The analysis has been carried out by the United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) — a legally binding framework to address desertification — in collaboration with Germany’s Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research. Key takeaways According to UNCCD, land degradation is the reduction or loss of the biological or economic productivity and complexity of rainfed cropland, irrigated cropland, or range, pasture, forest and woodlands resulting from a combination of pressures, including land use and management practices. A million sq km of land is getting degraded each year, with an estimated 15 million sq km already impacted — more than the entire continent of Antarctica — by land degradation, the report titled Stepping back from the precipice: Transforming land management to stay within planetary boundaries said. What is causing land degradation? Unsustainable agricultural practices such as the heavy use of chemical inputs, pesticides, and water diversion are the foremost drivers of land degradation, the report said. That is because such practices lead to deforestation, soil erosion, and pollution. Another factor is climate change. Global warming has worsened land degradation by increasing frequency, intensity and/ or amount of heavy precipitation, and increased heat stress. Then there is rapid urbanisation, which has intensified land degradation by contributing to habitat destruction, pollution, and biodiversity loss. Impacts of Land Degradation Human Health and Nutrition Reduces the quality and quantity of food production, increasing the risk of malnutrition. Contributes to water- and food-borne diseases due to poor hygiene and scarcity of clean water. Causes respiratory diseases from soil erosion. Impact on Marine and Freshwater Systems Eroded soil carrying fertilizers and pesticides contaminates water bodies. Harms aquatic fauna and affects local communities dependent on these ecosystems. Contribution to Climate Change Degraded soil releases carbon (CO2 and nitrous oxide), intensifying global warming. Soil, a major terrestrial carbon sink, loses its ability to sequester carbon. Reduced Carbon Absorption by Ecosystems Land ecosystems’ capacity to absorb human-caused CO2 has declined by 20% in the last decade. Previously, these ecosystems absorbed nearly one-third of human-caused emissions. Source: Indian Express WORLD WILDLIFE CONSERVATION DAY Syllabus: Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: Let’s have a look at India’s wildlife on World Wildlife Conservation Day. Background: – World Wildlife Conservation Day is observed annually on December 4th. The day highlights the critical challenges facing wildlife populations, including extinction, endangerment, and illegal wildlife trade. Key takeaways Despite possessing only 2.4% of the world’s land area, India accounts for 7-8% of all recorded species, which includes 45,000 species of plants and 91,000 of animals. This rich biodiversity is one of the reasons that it has been identified as a megadiverse country. India has 10 biogeographic zones and is home to 8.58% of the mammalian species documented so far, with the corresponding figures for avian species being 13.66%, for reptiles 7.91%, for amphibians 4.66%, for fish 11.72% and for plants 11.8%. Four of the 34 globally identified biodiversity hotspots, namely the Himalayas, Indo-Burma, the Western Ghats-Sri Lanka and Sundaland, are located in India. Risk of extinction There are 73 “critically endangered” species in India as of 2022 — the most updated estimates made available by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) classifies species as critically endangered when they are at the highest risk of extinction in the wild. The number of critically endangered species has risen from 47 in 2011, though this also due to improvements in data availability and monitoring and not entirely due to animals of a species getting decimated. Of the nine species of mammals considered critically endangered, eight are endemic, which means that their habitat is limited to a small geographic area within India. These include the Kashmir stag or Hangul, Malabar large-spotted civet, Andaman Shrew, Jenkin’s shrew, Nicobar shrew, Namdapha flying squirrel, large rock rat and Leafletted leaf-nosed bat. Source: The Hindu VIZHINJAM SEA PORT Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: Marking another milestone in the maritime history of the State, the Kerala government will issue the provisional completion certificate for the Vizhinjam international seaport today, marking the beginning of the informal commercial operation of the port. Background: – The port, which began limited-scale operations on July 12 as part of a trial run, has witnessed the docking of a total of 70 cargo ships. Close to 90% of the port infrastructure work has been completed, and the remaining work will be done in the coming months, but it is not a hindrance to the full-scale commercial operations of the port. Key takeaways The Vizhinjam International Seaport is a significant infrastructure project located in Vizhinjam, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. Location: Situated about 16 kilometers south of Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala. It is India’s First Deep-Water Container Transshipment Port. Key Features Strategic Location: Just 10 nautical miles from the busy international shipping route connecting Europe, the Persian Gulf, Southeast Asia, and the Far East. Natural Depth: The port has a natural depth of 24 meters, reducing the need for extensive dredging. Capacity: Designed to handle ultra-large container ships with capacities exceeding 24,000 TEUs (Twenty-foot Equivalent Units). Infrastructure: The port will have two breakwaters, a harbor basin, and multiple berths, including a cruise berth. Economic Impact: Expected to handle 50% of India’s container transshipment needs currently managed by ports in Dubai, Colombo, and Singapore. Development and Management Developer: The project is a joint venture between the Government of Kerala and Adani Vizhinjam Port Private Limited (AVPL). The port is developed in landlord model with a Public Private Partnership component on a design, build, finance, operate and transfer (“DBFOT”) basis. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Regarding Nandalal Bose, which of the following statements is/are correct? He was mentored by Rabindranath Tagore and was a prominent figure in the Neo-Bengal school of art. His notable works include “Yama and Savitri” and “Kirat-Arjuna.” He served as the principal of Kala Bhavan in Santiniketan. Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Consider the following statements about Ratapani Tiger Reserve: It is located in the Vindhya hills and encompasses the Bhimbetka Rock Shelters, a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The reserve is part of Simlipal Biosphere reserve. It is the first tiger reserve in Madhya Pradesh. Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) With reference to the Vizhinjam Sea Port, consider the following statements: It is India’s first deep-water container transshipment port. The port is designed to handle ultra-large container ships with capacities exceeding 24,000 TEUs. It is located in Kochi, Kerala, and is being developed by the Government of India. Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 3rd December – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

Dec 4, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 4th December 2024

Dec 3, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 2nd December 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) HORNBILL FESTIVAL Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Nagaland government is all set to organise the popular Hornbill festival, which will take place from December 1 to December 10, 2024. Background: – Referred to as the “Festival of Festivals,” the Hornbill Festival is one of the most iconic cultural events in Nagaland. Key takeaways The Government of Nagaland organises the Hornbill Festival every year, usually between 1st and 10th December. The first festival was held in December 2000. The main venue is at the Kisama Heritage Village located in the Southern Angami region of Kohima District which is about 12 km from Kohima. Named after the revered Hornbill bird, the festival showcases the culture, heritage, food and customs of Naga tribes and people from these tribes come together to celebrate their traditions with colourful dance performances. The annual programme brings all the 17 tribes of the state on a platform. The festival is vibrant with warriors dressed in full ceremonial attire performing traditional dances and war cries. Each performance tells a story—of victories, harvests, love, and tribal legends. The warriors, adorned with distinctive headgear decorated with hornbill feathers, boar tusks, and colorful woven sashes, create an unforgettable spectacle. Source: Indian Express HUMAN-LION CO-EXISTENCE IN GUJARAT Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: Asiatic Lions – whose entire population numbering 674 is in Gujarat – co-exist with humans through mutual adaptation, enforced legal protection, economic drivers, and government compensation for livestock, among others, revealed new research. Background: – Analysing data on over 14,000 livestock depredations and 11,000 compensation claims, attacks on humans, and surveys across 277 villages, the research attempted to find out the reasons behind human-lion co-existence. Key takeaways It was found that economic drivers, such as earnings from regulated and unregulated wildlife tourism on private lands, and sociocultural acceptance, were key drivers for higher tolerance of the predator among humans. As per the study, regulated tourism happens in and around protected areas such as Gir National Park while there is unregulated tourism on private land and this also includes offering livestock as bait, illegally. Lions, on the other hand, have benefitted on two key counts. With greater human acceptance, they can move around outside Gir’s protected areas. Second, owing to legal and cultural practices, old cattle are abandoned, which forms a big chunk of the big cat’s diet in the form of old livestock or carrion. The co-existence comes in the backdrop of the geographic range of lions rising by 36 per cent between 2015 and 2020 and population increasing at 6 per cent per annum. Since economic drivers played an important role in co-existence, the researchers recommended that the livestock compensation scheme should be revised regularly and said that a livestock insurance scheme should be explored. To reduce attacks on humans and livestock, the study prescribed that lion prides in risk hotspots should be monitored proactively, using radio collars that have virtual geofences that can trigger warning signals. Source: Indian Express LOTHAL Syllabus: Prelims – HISTORY Context: Recently, near the Harappan site of Lothal, a 23-year-old researcher from IIT Delhi lost her life while trying to collect soil samples from a trench that collapsed. She was part of ongoing research on the impact of climate change on the Indus Civilisation. Background: Lothal stands out for its engineering marvels, including the world’s oldest dockyard, with an innovative water-locking mechanism. Artefacts such as bead necklaces, axes and fish-hooks of copper or bronze point to maritime trade with ancient civilisations like Mesopotamia, Egypt, and Persia. Key takeaways Lothal was one of the southernmost sites of the Indus Valley civilization, located in the Bhāl region of what is now the state of Gujarat. It is situated between the Sabarmati and Bhogavo rivers in Saurashtra region. The port city is believed to have been built in 2,200 BC. The meaning of Lothal in Gujarati is “the mound of the dead”. Incidentally, the name of the city of Mohenjo-daro (also part of Indus Civilisation, now in Pakistan) means the same in Sindhi. Lothal was first discovered in 1954 by Archaeologist SR Rao, who discovered over 30 Harappan sites. It is he who identified the excavated Lothal structure as a dockyard. According to the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), Lothal had the world’s earliest known dock, connecting the city to an ancient course of the Sabarmati River. Other evidence that Lothal served as a hub for maritime commerce came from the presence of seals — that were likely used to seal documents or mark packages, the discovery of various items that were likely traded, a warehouse, and what Rao referred to as stone anchors for ships. But not everyone was convinced. In 1968, anthropologist Lawrence S Leshnik posited the “port” was actually a reservoir for drinking water and irrigating crops. He held that the dimensions of the inlet for ships to dock were inadequate to support seafaring vessels. As was the depth of the “dock”. He also questioned the inlet’s orientation. These doubts have been addressed by a study by the Indian Institute of Technology-Gandhinagar that has found fresh evidence that can confirm the dockyard’s existence. The study has revealed that the Sabarmati River used to flow by Lothal (currently, it flows 20 km away from the location) during the Harappan Civilisation. Lothal’s archaeological record indicates its settlements were rebuilt multiple times. Rao identified five distinct phases in the site’s stratigraphic record dated circa 2400-1900 BCE. At its peak, late 3rd millennium BCE, Lothal may have been home to 15,000 people. The decline, and eventual destruction of Lothal, occurred due to catastrophic flooding, and the Sabarmati changing course. Source: Indian Express GDP GROWTH RATE SLUMPS TO NEAR TWO-YEAR LOW OF 5.4% IN JULY-SEP Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: India’s Real Gross Domestic Product growth slumped to a seven-quarter low of 5.4 per cent in July-September 2024. Background: – A 5.4% growth rate in Q2 has set alarm bells ringing in the government. The key question going forward is, has India entered a cyclical growth slowdown phase. Key takeaways GDP was pulled down by “sluggish growth” in manufacturing and a deceleration in mining and quarrying. Manufacturing, which accounts for over 17 per cent of the total Gross Value Added (GVA) output, grew by just 2.2 per cent in July-September as against 7 per cent growth in April-June and 14.3 per cent growth in the corresponding period last year. Mining and quarrying seem to have been sharply hit by the extended rainfall as it recorded a contraction of 0.1 per cent in July-September compared with 7.2 per cent growth in the previous quarter and 11.1 per cent in the year-ago period. According to Chief Economic Advisor V Anantha Nageswaran, doubling down on deregulation, expanding state capacity for public investment, and improving hiring and compensation policies in the private sector will improve growth prospects Source: Indian Express VADHAVAN PORT Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Vadhavan greenfield port, which is under construction near Dahanu in Maharashtra, will double India’s container trade from the current levels upon completion. Background: – Scheduled to be finished by 2034, it is projected to be among the top 10 ports in the world. Key takeaways Vadhavan Port is a proposed greenfield deep-sea port located in the Palghar district of Maharashtra, India. Location: Situated on the Arabian Sea coast, about 70 km north of Mumbai and 111 km north of Jawaharlal Nehru Port (JNPT). Ownership: The port will be developed by the Jawaharlal Nehru Port Authority (JNPA) in collaboration with the Maharashtra Maritime Board (MMB). Stakeholders: JNPA will hold a 74% stake, while MMB will hold 26%. Features: Natural Depth: The port will have a natural depth of 20 meters, making it the deepest seaport in India. Infrastructure: The port will include 9 container terminals, 4 multipurpose berths, 4 liquid cargo berths, a Ro-Ro berth, and a Coast Guard berth. Capacity: The port is designed to handle a cumulative capacity of 298 million metric tons (MMT) per annum. Draft Depth: The port will have a draft depth of 18 meters, allowing it to accommodate large vessels. Economic Impact: Cost: The total estimated cost of the project, including land acquisition, is ₹76,220 crore (approximately US$9.1 billion). Employment: The project is expected to create around 10 lakh (1 million) direct and indirect employment opportunities. Strategic Importance: Vadhavan Port is a key project under the Indian government’s Sagarmala initiative, aimed at enhancing the performance of the country’s logistics sector. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements about the Hornbill Festival is/are correct? The festival is held annually in Nagaland’s Kisama Heritage Village. It brings together all 17 Naga tribes to celebrate their cultural heritage. The Hornbill Festival was first organised in 2010. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Consider the following statements about Lothal: Lothal is located in Gujarat and is known for having the world’s oldest dockyard. It was discovered by archaeologist S.R. Rao in 1954. The dockyard’s primary purpose was to irrigate crops and store drinking water. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Which of the following statements regarding Vadhavan Port is/are correct? Vadhavan Port will be the deepest seaport in India with a natural depth of 20 meters. It is a part of the Sagarmala initiative aimed at enhancing India’s logistics sector. The port will be fully owned by the Maharashtra Maritime Board. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2 and 3 only (c) 1 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 30th November – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – c Q.2) – b Q.3) – a

Dec 2, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 2nd December 2024

Nov 30, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 30th November 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) GREENWASHING Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Central Consumer Protection Authority (CCPA), under the Consumer Affairs Ministry, has issued guidelines for ‘Prevention and Regulation of Greenwashing and Misleading Environmental Claims’ to address greenwashing and misleading environmental claims. Background: – The move is part of the government’s crackdown on misleading advertisements. Key takeaways Greenwashing refers to the growing tendency of companies, organisations, or even countries to make dubious or unverifiable claims about their activities, products, or services being environment-friendly or climate-friendly. Greenwashing presents a false picture of the progress being made on the climate change front while at the same time rewarding entities for irresponsible behaviour. The 2015 Volkswagen scandal, in which the German car company was found to have been cheating in emissions testing of its supposedly green diesel vehicles, is one of the headline-grabbing examples of greenwashing. Several other big corporations, including Shell, BP, and Coca Cola have faced accusations of greenwashing. Countries too, are sometimes accused of greenwashing, for example, when they exaggerate the impact of new regulation on carbon emissions. Guidelines on preventing greenwashing Use of misleading words, symbols, or imagery, emphasizing positive environmental attributes while downplaying or concealing negative aspects would constitute greenwashing. If a company, for example, makes the statement that its growth is based on “sustainable principles”, it would not be treated as a misleading environmental claim for the purposes of these guidelines. However, if the company claims that all its products are manufactured sustainably, then it will be examined for greenwashing. The Generic terms like “clean”, “green”, “eco-friendly”, “good for the planet”, “cruelty-free”, “carbon neutral”, “natural”, “organic”, “sustainable”, or similar other descriptions for a product would be allowed only if the company is able to substantiate these with evidence. The company will also have to use “adequate and accurate” qualifiers and disclosures while advertising such descriptions. When more technical terms such as “environment impact assessment”, “greenhouse gas emissions”, or “ecological footprint”, are used to advertise a product or service, the companies would be mandated to explain their meaning and implications in a “consumer-friendly” language. The guidelines will apply to all environmental claims made by manufacturers, service providers, or traders whose goods, products, or services are the subject of an advertisement, or to an advertising agency or endorser whose service is availed for the advertisement of such goods, products, or services. Types of Greenwashing Greenhushing: When a company or firms underreport or withhold information about their sustainability goals and progress. Green-crowding: It involves hiding in a group or crowd to avoid their unsustainable practices to be spotted. Greenshifting: It is an act of the company to shift the responsibility of adopting sustainable measures on consumers or individuals rather than having to take meaningful action at the corporate or brand level. Greenlighting: It occurs when a company spotlights a specific sustainability initiative undertaken by it to distract attention away from damaging activities. Greenlabelling: It is a marketing tactic adopted by companies to label their products something green or sustainable, but closer examination reveals this to be misleading. Source: Indian Express AUSTRALIA PASSES SOCIAL MEDIA BAN FOR CHILDREN UNDER 16 Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – CURRENET EVENT Context: A social media ban for children under 16 passed the Australian Senate recently and is set to become a world-first law. Background: – Countries including France and some U.S. states have passed laws to restrict access for minors without a parent’s permission, but the Australian ban is absolute. Key takeaways The online safety amendment (social media minimum age) bill will make platforms such as TikTok, Facebook, Snapchat, Reddit, X, and Instagram liable for fines of up to 50 million Australian dollars (£26 million) if they fail to prevent children under 16 from creating accounts. A trial of enforcement methods will start in January, with the ban to take effect in a year. Critics argue the government is using the policy to convince parents that it is protecting their children ahead of the general election. The government hopes voters will reward it for responding to concerns about children’s addiction to social media. Critics of the law fear that banning children under 16 from social media may negatively impact the privacy of users who must prove they are older than 16. Academics, politicians and advocacy groups have warned that the ban could backfire, driving teenagers to the dark web, or making them feel more isolated. Additional Information One of the biggest challenges in implementing such bans is age verification. While platforms like Instagram have age limits at present, they simply ask users about their date of birth and do not require verification. As a result, many children enter false information to access platforms. Country-specific age requirements can also be bypassed through Virtual Private Networks (VPN), which can show the Internet being accessed from a different domicile. Source: Reuters DIGITAL BHARAT NIDHI Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: Minister of State for Communications, Dr. Pemmasani Chandra Sekhar addressed question regarding Digital Bharat Nidhi in Lok Sabha. Background: Of the more than ₹1.6 lakh crore collected by the central government under the Digital Bharat Nidhi (earlier known as the Universal Service Obligation Fund) until March 31 this year, only 51.4% allocated by the finance ministry has been fully utilised until September 30 this year. About Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN) The Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN) is an initiative by the Indian government aimed at enhancing telecom connectivity across rural and underserved areas in the country. Background: Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF): DBN replaces the erstwhile USOF, which was established to provide telecom services in remote and rural areas at affordable prices through a universal access levy. Telecommunications Act, 2023: The DBN was established under this act, which replaced the Indian Telegraph Act. Objectives: Enhanced Connectivity: To provide widespread and non-discriminatory access to quality ICT services at affordable prices in rural and remote areas. Targeted Access: To ensure equitable access to telecommunication services for underserved groups such as women, persons with disabilities, and economically and socially weaker sections. Research and Development: To fund research and development of telecom services, technologies, and products. Projects and Schemes: BharatNet: Connecting Gram Panchayats (GPs) across India. 4G Saturation Project: Expanding 4G coverage to uncovered villages in rural and remote areas. Mobile Services in Aspirational Districts: Providing mobile services in uncovered areas of Aspirational Districts. Submarine Optical Fiber Cable (OFC) Connectivity: Establishing OFC connectivity between Chennai and Andaman & Nicobar Islands, and between Kochi and Lakshadweep Islands. Funding: Funding: Telecom companies contribute to the DBN through a 5% Universal Service Levy on their Adjusted Gross Revenue (AGR). Source: Hindustan Times PLACES OF WORSHIP ACT Syllabus: Prelims – POLITY Context: A week after a district court in Sambhal ordered a survey of the Shahi Jama Masjid, the town in western Uttar Pradesh has been rocked with violence. The court’s order came in a plea which claimed that Sambhal’s Jama Masjid was built on the site of a Hindu temple. Background: – The claim on masjid is similar to claims made in the cases of Gyanvapi mosque in Varanasi, the Shahi Idgah in Mathura etc. The claims in all of these disputes essentially seek to change the religious character of a place of worship, something that is prohibited by the Place of Worship Act, 1991. Key takeaways Purpose: The Act was enacted to prohibit the conversion of any place of worship and to maintain the religious character of any place of worship as it existed on August 15, 1947. Key Provisions: Prohibition of Conversion (Section 3): No person shall convert any place of worship of any religious denomination or any section thereof into a place of worship of a different section of the same religious denomination or of a different religious denomination or any section thereof. Maintenance of Religious Character (Section 4): The religious character of a place of worship existing on August 15, 1947, shall continue to be the same as it existed on that day. Exceptions: The Act does not apply to ancient and historical monuments, archaeological sites, and remains covered by the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1958. It also excludes cases that have already been settled or resolved and disputes that have been resolved by mutual agreement or conversions that occurred before the Act came into effect. Penalties (Section 6): Specifies penalties, including a maximum imprisonment term of three years and fines, for violating the Act. Significance: Communal Harmony: The Act was introduced to promote communal harmony and prevent future clashes over religious sites. Legal Framework: It provides a legal framework to maintain the status quo of religious places of worship as they existed on Independence Day. Exclusion of Ayodhya Dispute: The Act does not extend to the Ram Janmabhoomi-Babri Masjid dispute in Ayodhya, which was already sub-judice at the time the Act was enacted. Source: Indian Express KORAGA TRIBE Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The Revenue department in Kerala has initiated steps to provide land titles (patta) to the Koraga community. Background: – The initiative is aimed at addressing longstanding issues of missing land documents and undefined boundaries, which have hindered the Koraga community’s access to government housing schemes and left their lands uncultivated and forest-covered. Key takeaways The Koraga tribe is a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) found primarily in the southern Indian states of Karnataka and Kerala. Here are some key details about the Koraga tribe: Geographic Distribution: Karnataka: The Koraga tribe is mainly found in the Dakshina Kannada and Udupi districts, often referred to as Tulunaad. They are also present in small numbers in Uttara Kannada, Shimoga, and Kodagu districts. Kerala: The tribe is found in the Kasaragod district. Current Population: According to the 2011 census, the Koraga population is estimated to be around 16,376. Historical Population: The population was recorded as 16,071 in the 2001 census. Koraga Language: The Koraga tribe has its own language, which is classified as an independent Dravidian language. However, most Koragas also speak Tulu, Kannada, and Malayalam. The Koraga tribe is classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) due to their primitive traits, geographical isolation, low literacy, and backwardness. Social Structure: Clans: The Koraga tribe is divided into exogamous clans or sects known as balis. Matrilineal Descent: The family structure is matrilineal, with descent reckoned along the female line. However, residence after marriage is patrilocal. Property Inheritance: Property is equally divided among both sons and daughters. Economy: Agriculture: The Koragas are primarily agriculturists, relying on forest produce such as bamboo, cane, and creepers for basketry. Livelihood: They also engage in basket-making and other traditional crafts. Cultural Practices: Folklore and Music: The Koragas have rich folklore, songs, and folk dances. Rituals: They perform rituals and magics to appease their deities for bountiful crops and to ward off epidemics. Bhuta Worship: They worship various Bhutas (deities) such as Panjurli, Kallurti, Korathi, and Guliga. Source: Hindu Businessline Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements about the Digital Bharat Nidhi (DBN) is/are correct? DBN replaced the Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF) to enhance telecom connectivity in rural and underserved areas. It is funded by a 5% levy on the net profits of telecom companies. The BharatNet project and 4G Saturation Project are implemented using the DBN. Options: a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Consider the following statements about the Places of Worship (Special Provisions) Act, 1991: The Act prohibits the conversion of the religious character of any place of worship as it existed on January 26, 1950. The Ayodhya dispute was excluded from the purview of the Act. The Act allows penalties, including imprisonment for violations. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Which of the following statements about the Koraga tribe is/are correct? The Koraga tribe is classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG). They primarily reside in the northern states of India. The Koraga tribe practices matrilineal descent and is known for their traditional craft of basket-making. Options: a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 29th November – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

Nov 30, 2024 Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 30th November 2024

Nov 29, 2024 IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 29th November 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus) JYOTIRAO PHULE Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – HISTORY Context: November 28 marks the death anniversary of Jyotirao Phule. Background: – He, along with Savitribai Phule, worked as a social reformer, fighting against social evils like untouchability and promoting women’s education. Key takeaways Jyotirao Govindrao Phule, also known as Jyotiba Phule, was born on April 11, 1827, and belonged to the Mali caste of gardeners and vegetable farmers. Despite the societal norms of his time, Phule received an education at the Scottish Mission High School in Pune. He was a talented student and later became a teacher himself Phule along with his followers formed Satyashodhak Samaj which meant ‘Seekers of Truth’ in order to attain equal social and economic benefits for the lower castes in Maharashtra. He was married off when he was only 13, and was personally rebuked in 1848, while attending the wedding of a Brahmin friend. With time, he realised the state of women in society and challenged it by first educating his wife Savitribai, and then starting an indigenously-run school for girls in Pune. The couple went on to open a school for girls in Bhidewada, Pune, in 1848. This became the country’s first girls’ school. Many more such schools were opened for girls, Shudras and Ati-Shudras (the backward castes and Dalits, respectively) in Pune, leading to discontent among Indian nationalists like Bal Gangadhar Tilak. They opposed the setting up of schools for girls and non-Brahmins, citing a “loss of nationality”, and believing not following the caste rules would mean a loss of nationality itself. Authored several works highlighting social issues: Gulamgiri (1873): Critique of Brahmanical hegemony and social exploitation. Shetkarayacha Asud (The Cultivator’s Whipcord): Highlighted the exploitation of farmers by landlords and moneylenders. He was bestowed with the title of Mahatma in 1888 by a Maharashtrian social activist Vithalrao Krishnaji Vandekar. Source: Indian Express EIGHT CARMAKERS LIKELY TO FACE EMISSION PENALTIES Syllabus: Prelims & Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: The centre has found out that eight carmakers including Hyundai, Kia, Mahindra, and Honda have higher than mandated fleet emission levels in financial year 2022-23, which could mean penalties of around Rs 7,300 crore. Background: – For 2022-23, the Bureau of Energy Efficiency, under the Union Ministry of Power, required car companies of all units sold during the year to achieve India’s Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) norms. Key takeaways The CAFE norms were tightened in the beginning of financial year 2022-23. The quantum of penalties has become a point of contention between the Centre and the auto industry. In 2022-23, models and variants of 18 automobile manufacturers were tested at accredited laboratories by simulating actual driving conditions. When the results for a set of cars did not conform to specified CAFE standards, then penalties were calculated for the total number of cars sold in the full year. Those penalised include Hyundai (Rs 2,837.8 crore), Mahindra (Rs 1,788.4 crore), Kia (Rs 1,346.2 crore), Honda (Rs 457.7 crore), Renault (Rs 438.3 crore), Skoda (Rs 248.3 crore), Nissan (Rs 172.3 crore), and Force Motor (Rs 1.8 crore). About Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFE) norms Corporate Average Fuel Efficiency (CAFÉ) norms were first notified by the Government in 2017, under the Energy Conservation Act, 2001 to mitigate fuel consumption by lowering CO₂ emissions; aiming to reduce oil dependency and air pollution. Applicability: These norms apply to passenger vehicles with a gross vehicle weight (GVW) of less than 3,500 kg, including petrol, diesel, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), compressed natural gas (CNG), hybrid, and electric vehicles manufactured or imported for sale in the country. It may be noted that the standards apply to the Corporate Average Fuel Consumption i.e. the average of the standards fuel consumption of all vehicles sold by the manufacturers in the fiscal year, and not to the fuel consumption of an individual model. Phase I (2017-2022): The first phase of CAFE norms was implemented from April 1, 2017. The average fuel consumption target was set at less than 5.49 liters per 100 km, with an average kerb weight of 1,037 kg. Phase II (2022 onwards): The second phase came into effect from April 1, 2022, with stricter targets. The average fuel consumption target was reduced to less than 4.78 liters per 100 km, with an average kerb weight of 1,082 kg. Calculation Method: Corporate Average Fuel Consumption (CAFC): The fuel consumption is measured in liters per 100 km and is calculated based on the corporate average curb weight of all vehicles sold by a manufacturer in a fiscal year. CO2 Emissions: The norms also set limits on CO2 emissions, with a target of less than 130 grams per km until 2022 and less than 113 grams per km from 2022 onwards. Source: Indian Express BALTIC SEA Syllabus: Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: The Swedish prime minister, Ulf Kristersson, has said the Baltic sea is now a “high risk” zone as he met Nordic and Baltic leaders days after a suspected sabotage attack on undersea cables. Background: – The Swedish PM declined to speculate on who may have been responsible for the severing of two fibre optic telecoms cables in the Baltic. A Chinese ship – the Yi Peng 3 – that sailed over the cables about the time they were severed has remained anchored in the Kattegat strait between Sweden and Denmark since 19 November. About Baltic Sea The Baltic Sea is an arm of the Atlantic Ocean, extending northward from southern Denmark almost to the Arctic Circle. It separates the Scandinavian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe. Boundaries: West: Denmark and the Kattegat Strait connecting it to the North Sea via the Skagerrak. North: Sweden and the Gulf of Bothnia. East: Finland, Russia, and the Gulf of Finland. South: Germany, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. Countries Bordering the Baltic Sea: Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Germany, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Russia, and Sweden. Brackish water due to limited exchange with the North Sea and high inflow of freshwater from rivers. Coastline: Rugged with numerous islands, peninsulas, and gulfs such as the Gulf of Bothnia and Gulf of Finland. Major Rivers Flowing into the Baltic Sea: Vistula (Poland), Oder (Germany/Poland), Neva (Russia), and Daugava (Latvia). Shipping and Trade: Major shipping routes, linking Central and Eastern Europe to the global economy. Ports like Gdańsk (Poland), Tallinn (Estonia), and St. Petersburg (Russia) are crucial for trade. Coastal resorts and historical cities like Stockholm, Helsinki, and Riga attract millions of tourists. Source: The Guardian NATIONAL SECURITY GUARD Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: After a steep rise in terror attacks in Jammu region, the Ministry of Home Affairs (MHA) has established a permanent hub for National Security Guard in the winter capital of J&K for quick response to any major attack. The NSG hub has been set up in Jammu city. Background: In the recent past, Kathua, Doda, Kishtwar, Udhampur, Rajouri, Poonch and Reasi districts of Jammu have seen a spurt in terror attacks. Key takeaways The National Security Guard (NSG), also known as the Black Cats, is Federal Contingency World Class Zero Error Force to deal with anti-terrorist activities in all its manifestation. The NSG is a Force specially equipped and trained to deal with specific situations and is therefore, to be used only in exceptional circumstances to thwart serious acts of terrorism. The organization was initially inspired by and modelled on the British Special Air Service as well as Germany’s GSG 9 Formation: The NSG was established on October 16, 1984, following Operation Blue Star, to combat terrorist activities and protect states against internal disturbances. Legislation: The formation was formalized under the National Security Guard Act, 1986. Jurisdiction: The NSG operates under the Ministry of Home Affairs. NSG personnel are recruited from both the Indian Army and Central Armed Police Forces. Motto: The NSG’s motto is “Sarvatra Sarvottam Suraksha”, which means “Best Security Everywhere”. Major Operations: 1988: Operation Black Thunder (Golden Temple) – Counter-terrorism operation. 1999: IC-814 Hijacking – NSG was on standby but could not intervene due to the aircraft being taken to Kandahar, Afghanistan. 2002: Akshardham Temple Attack – Neutralized terrorists in Gujarat. 2008: Mumbai Terror Attacks (26/11) – Played a key role in eliminating terrorists and securing locations like the Taj Hotel and Nariman House. Source: New Indian Express JARAWA TRIBE Syllabus: Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: In a historic move, the Jarawa tribe of the Andaman and Nicobar has been officially included in India’s democratic fold with their enrolment in the electoral roll. Background: – A total of 19 Jarawa tribe members were enrolled. For the first time, members of the Jarawa community will participate in the electoral process. Key takeaways The Jarawa tribe is an indigenous group residing in the Andaman Islands, specifically on the western coast of the South and Middle Andaman Islands. Current Population: The Jarawa population is estimated to be between 250 to 400 individuals. Historical Population: The population declined significantly during British colonial rule but has since stabilized. They are classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG) due to their small population, primitive technology, and relative isolation. Jarawa Language: The Jarawa speak their own language, which is part of the Ongan language family. It is distinct from other languages spoken in the Andaman Islands. Lifestyle: Hunter-Gatherers: The Jarawa are traditionally hunter-gatherers. They hunt wild pigs and monitor lizards using bows and arrows, and fish in coastal waters. Diet: Their diet includes wild fruits, roots, honey, and fish. They are known for their excellent nutritional health and robust physique. Housing: They build temporary huts in their camps and use crude rafts to cross creeks and streams. Contact with Outsiders: Historical Isolation: The Jarawa have largely shunned interaction with outsiders until the 1990s. Recent Interactions: Since the 1990s, contact with settled populations has increased, with some Jarawa visiting nearby towns and settlements. Source: Nicobar Times Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements about the Baltic Sea is/are correct? The Baltic Sea has brackish water due to limited exchange with the North Sea and high inflow of freshwater from rivers. It is bordered by only three Scandinavian countries: Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. Major rivers like the Neva, Vistula, and Oder flow into the Baltic Sea. Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) With reference to the National Security Guard (NSG), consider the following statements: The NSG operates under the Ministry of Defence. NSG personnel are drawn from both the Indian Army and Central Armed Police Forces. The NSG was modeled on Germany’s GSG 9 and Britain’s Special Air Service (SAS). Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Consider the following statements regarding the Jarawa tribe: The Jarawa tribe is classified as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group (PVTG). They traditionally practice agriculture and animal husbandry for their subsistence. The Jarawa language belongs to the Ongan language family. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’ Today’s – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR 28th November – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) – b Q.2) – a Q.3) – b

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