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Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 142]

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 142] Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Equatorial Electrojet’ It is a naturally occurring flow of current approximately 100 kilometers above the Earth's surface. The westward movement of the electrons constitutes an eastward electric current which is called the Equatorial Electrojet. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) ‘SRPHi’ was launched by RBI NITI Aayog CIPAM AISHE Q.3) Which of the following statements is/are correct? Masala Bonds are rupee-denominated borrowings issued by Indian entities in overseas markets. A Panda bond is a Chinese renminbi-denominated bond from a non-Chinese issuer, sold in the People's Republic of China. Select the correct code: 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) Government announces minimum support prices (MSPs) for Copra Groundnut Jute Wheat Select the correct code: 1, 2 and 3 2, 3 and 4 1, 3 and 4 All of the above Q.5) With reference to India’s decision to levy an equalization tax of 6% on online advertisement services offered by non – resident entities, which of the following statements is/are correct? It is introduced as a part of the Income Tax Act. Non-resident entities that offer advertisement services in India can claim a tax credit in their home country under the “Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements.” Select the correct answer using the code given below: 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 & 2 Neither 1 nor 2 To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

Daily Current Affairs [IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam] – 31st December 2018

Daily Current Affairs [IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam] – 31st December 2018 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Role of technology in fighting poaching Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Environment and Biodiversity; Animal Conservation; Science and Technology In news: Cameras, infrared and motion sensors, electronic bracelets and drones have been used over the years to protect endangered species. French tech company Sigfox has developed a bite-size tracker that can be inserted into the horns of rhinos to help conservationists monitor and protect the endangered species. Sensors will give the exact location of rhinos using the firm’s network over a longer period of time. The sensors can be used to get rescue teams to the location in real time. Ujjwala Sanitary Napkins initiative Part of: GS Mains II – Role of CSOs/NGOs; CSR Initiatives; Welfare/Social programmes In news: Ujjwala Sanitary Napkins initiative – a sanitary pad-making initiative by three oil marketing companies – IOCL, BPCL and HPCL The three companies will set up 100 manufacturing units at the Common Service Centres (CSC) covering 93 Blocks across 30 districts of Odisha at an estimated cost of ₹2.94 crore. The initiative is a part of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of Oil Marketing Companies. The mission is aimed to educate women on female hygiene and health, improve accessibility to low cost eco-friendly sanitary pads and boost rural employment and economy. The Ujjwala pads will be made of virgin wood pulp sheet, non-woven white sheet and a gel sheet which are all biodegradable in nature and will leave minimal carbon footprint. Ross Island is now Netaji Dweep In news: Prime Minister announced renaming of three islands of the Andaman and Nicobar archipelago, as a tribute to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose. The Ross Island was renamed Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Dweep, the Neil Island as Shaheed Dweep and the Havelock Island as Swaraj Dweep. Person in news: Amos Oz Why in news? Amos Oz, renowned Israeli writer and peace advocate, expired. His memoir ‘A Tale of Love and Darkness’ became a worldwide bestseller. He is known as one of the earliest and most forceful critics of Israel’s occupation of Palestinian lands captured in the Six-Day War of 1967. (MAINS FOCUS) ECONOMY TOPIC:General studies 2 and 3 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Indian Economy and issues relating to planning, mobilization of resources, growth, development and employment. Inclusive growth and issues arising from it. New FDI guidelines on e-commerce In news: Government recently reviewed the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policy in e-commerce. Under the new norms, online marketplaces like Flipkart and Amazon India can no longer sell products of the companies in which they have a stake. The new policy also prohibits these e-commerce companies from entering into an agreement for the exclusive sale of products. What are the changes to the FDI norms covering e-commerce? The new norms bar exclusive tie-ups between e-commerce firms that follow the ‘marketplace model’ and vendors using their platform. In a marketplace model, the e-commerce firm is not allowed to directly or indirectly influence the sale price of goods or services, and is required to offer a level playing field to all vendors. The new norms said cashback or services, such as quick delivery, offered by e-tailers have to be applicable to all vendors on their platforms. According to the FDI policy on e-commerce sector, while 100 per cent FDI under automatic route is permitted in the marketplace model of e-commerce, FDI is not permitted in inventory-based model of e-commerce. Sales through one vendor not to exceed 25% in market place model. Why the new norms? The new norms are brought in by the government to plug-in some loopholes: Offline traders have been complaining that e-commerce platforms with access to FDI are able to give deep discounts and other incentives through related-party vendors, which they cannot match. The new norms aim to tackle the anti-competitive behaviour by e-commerce entities and to ensure that there is no wrong subsidization and the marketplace remains neutral to all vendors. Small traders believe the latest policy change will create a level playing field by placing curbs on discounts by Amazon and Flipkart, and price competition from the e-commerce giants was also hitting conventional shopkeepers. Both online and offline traders in the country will now be able to sell their goods on online platforms in a transparent manner. The move is aimed at checking predatory pricing and deep discounting. An e-commerce marketplace can only act as a facilitator between seller and buyer. It cannot exercise ownership or control over the goods to be sold. How do the new norms impact e-commerce firms? E-commerce companies, such as Amazon and Flipkart, have been luring customers with deep discounts and exclusive offerings. The bar on such firms ‘influencing’ pricing and mandating vendors to sell exclusively on their platforms may have a major impact on customer behaviour. This will, in turn, have an impact on the revenue and growth of e-commerce companies in India. This clause will also have an impact on private labels/in-house brands being sold by e-commerce companies. The bar on e-commerce companies from selling products from entities they have a stake in, could affect Amazon because it has a stake in its two major seller entities, Cloudtail and Appario. Even Flipkart has exclusive partnerships with top smartphone brands such as Xiaomi and Oppo. The new norms will adversely impact their business models. Connecting the dots: Discuss how the recent draft FDI guidelines on e-commerce impact online as well as brick and mortar retail? The advent of e-commerce companies and the exponential rise in their reach require effective regulation in order to not only protect consumer interests but also support their own growth. Elucidate. SOCIAL/WELFARE TOPIC:General studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections. Improving quality of life and achieving sustainable development goals (SDG) Introduction: Two-thirds of India’s 112 backward districts are in Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Bihar, Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh. The remaining are scattered across the country with a few in the Northeast. These districts identified in January 2018 for fast-track development represent the part of rural India that lags behind in basic services such as health, education and infrastructure, and have rightly come under the focus of policymakers. Do you know? Under the “aspirational districts” programme, central and state officials are working closely to identify the strength of each district and use it to catalyse growth. NITI Aayog, which anchors the programme, has ranked these districts on their performance in key development areas of health and nutrition, education, farming, water resources, financial inclusion, skill development and access to basic infrastructure such as road, potable water and power. NITI Aayog survey and ranking shows that – Under the “aspirational districts” programme, several backward districts had reported improvement in elementary education over the 2017 national average. Five districts have particularly made rapid progress—Kupwara in Jammu and Kashmir, Ranchi in Jharkhand, Siddharthnagar and Fatehpur in Uttar Pradesh, and Jamui in Bihar. Virudhunagar in Tamil Nadu has the best overall score among all the backward districts. The incremental progress made by the five districts offer hope that with a focused approach, a quick course correction in the development trajectory could be achieved. Achieving SDG goals Plugging the development gaps and improving the quality of life of people in these backward areas is important to achieve SDG goals. India has crossed only the halfway mark in achieving sustainable development goals (SDG) such as removal of poverty and inequality, which it had adopted in 2015 along with 192 other nations. Improving basic services and ensuring livelihood of people in backward districts is of tremendous importance, considering that people are forced to migrate in search of a better life. Two key initiatives: Ayushman Bharat scheme and BharatNet project Apart from the “aspirational districts” programme, two key initiatives: Ayushman Bharat scheme and BharatNet project - will go a long way in achieving the SDG goal. Ayushman Bharat scheme – offers health cover to 100 million vulnerable families, and BharatNet project – digitally connects all gram panchayats. Digital connectivity will link people in rural areas with urban centres, improving employment opportunities. In a nation that is set to be the fifth largest economy in the world, bridging the development gap is vital to social and political stability. Connecting the dots: The Aspirational Districts Programme (ADP) is a radical departure from the country’s previous development strategies in its scale, scope and ownership. Analyse. Development is a multifaceted process. Does India’s developmental discourse resonate with the SDGs? Critically examine. Discuss what measures have been taken by the government to bridge the development gap and improve the quality of life of people in backward areas. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) The term M-STrIPES is sometimes seen in the news in the context of – Captive breeding of Wild Fauna Maintenance of Tiger Reserves Indigenous Satellite Navigation System Security of National Highways Q.2) Ross Island, Neil Island and Havelock Island are located in – Andaman and Nicobar Islands South China Sea Lakshadweep Islands Diego Garcia Islands MUST READ  Lifelines beyond farm loan waivers The Hindu Navtej Johar, a verdict for all times The Hindu Age of policy insecurity Indian Express The cycle of impunity Indian Express The Army must march ahead Indian Express  

RSTV Video

RSTV IAS UPSC – NIA: Securing India

NIA: Securing India Archives TOPIC: General Studies 3: Security challenges and their management in border areas; linkages of organized crime with terrorism. Role of external state and non-state actors in creating challenges to internal security. In News: The National Investigation Agency (NIA) conducted raids at 17 places across Delhi and Uttar Pradesh and arrested 10 people from, suspected to be the part of a module ‘Harkat-ul-Harb-e-Islam’ of the terror syndicate IS. As per the statements issued by the National Investigating Agency, the group which is believed to be a self-appointed and self-financed was aiming to carry out multiple blasts across the country. On the target of the group were several vital installations, important personalities and also the politicians, claimed the NIA in its statement to the press after the detailed operation, which had taken months of surveillance and studying the movements and activities of the suspects. Over 25 kg of explosives, local firearms, live ammunition, 112 alarm clocks and 134 SIM cards were recovered in the raids, says the NIA. National Investigation Agency (NIA): A central agency established by the Indian Government to combat terror in India which acts as the Central Counter Terrorism Law Enforcement Agency. The agency is empowered to deal with terror related crimes across states without special permission from the states. Objectives of NIA: Aims to be a thoroughly professional investigative agency matching the best international standards. Set the standards of excellence in counter terrorism and other national security related investigations at the national level by developing into a highly trained, partnership oriented workforce. Creating deterrence for existing and potential terrorist groups/individuals Develop as a storehouse of all terrorist related information How NIA came into existence? The Agency came into existence with the enactment of the National Investigation Agency Act 2008 by the Parliament of India on 31 December 2008 – after the 2008 Mumbai terror attacks as need for a central agency to combat terrorism was realised, in response to two realities. One, that terrorism (attacks have increased in their scale, intensity, geographical spread and trans-national links) is agnostic to borders and jurisdictions, and therefore an agency with a nationwide footprint was needed to replicate strategies and successes at one location elsewhere. Two, the CBI had attained disreputability; and a national agency perceived to be above political pressures and other motives, and deserving of public trust, was required. Three, the state police with its restricted territorial jurisdiction and limited resources and expertise are inadequate to deal with terrorist offences. Jurisdiction of NIA: The Agency has been empowered to conduct investigation and prosecution of offences under the Acts specified in the Schedule of the NIA Act. A State Government may request the Central Government to hand over the investigation of a case to the NIA, provided the case has been registered for the offences as contained in the schedule to the NIA Act. Central Government can also order NIA to take over investigation of any scheduled offense anywhere in the India. Officers of the NIA who are drawn from the Indian Revenue Service, Indian Police Service, state police, Income Tax as well as officers from the Central Armed Police Forces, have all powers, privileges and liabilities which the police officers have in connection with investigation of any offense As per the Bill, NIA has concurrent jurisdiction which empowers the Central Agency to probe terror attacks in any part of the country, covering offences, including challenge to the country's sovereignty and integrity, bomb blasts, hijacking of aircraft and ships, attacks on nuclear installations. The amendments to the NIA Act has brought the offences relating to the smuggling in High-Quality Counterfeit Indian Currency under the definition of a terrorist Act aimed at damaging the monetary stability of the country and therefore can be investigated by the NIA. Conclusion The establishment of NIA is no doubt a positive step in fighting terrorism-related crimes, but it is unlikely to be a panacea to prevent terrorist attacks. For, it will be an agency that investigates and prosecutes only after terrorist attacks take place. Though the NIA no doubt would contribute to a better understanding of how the attacks were planned and carried out, the linkages between terrorist cells within the country as well as outside, the modus operandi of terrorist cells and groups, etc., it is unlikely to prevent terrorist attacks. What is needed currently is greater co-ordination between various agencies engaged in intelligence collection, collation and analysis. This can be achieved either through a more effective functioning of the Joint Intelligence Council (JIC) or alternatively by reorganising the entire Indian intelligence set up along the lines that the United States has done in the wake of the September 11 terror attacks. Connecting the Dots: Investigative agencies, whose integrity is in doubt, will have no other effect but to undermine public confidence and weaken the state. Discuss. Discuss the mandate of the National Investigation Agency (NIA). What are the impediments in its effective functioning? How can those be addressed? Discuss.   India has repeatedly given a call at international fora for united efforts to combat terrorism. However, first we need to put our internal security in order. Comment. New terror threats have emerged as a result of use of technology. In light of this statement examine the challenges that have emerged as a result of “enabled terror”. Also highlight the steps that should be taken to handle the new terror threats.

PIB

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 24th Dec to 30th Dec - 2018

Press Information Bureau (PIB) IAS UPSC – 24th Dec to 30 Dec - 2018 ARCHIVES Note: Since the yearly reviews are included in this, PIB this week is extremely Prelims specific. However, it acts as a goldmine for questions in Mains that deals about the steps taken by Government to deal with a specific issue. It is important that you be cognizant of the fact that not every information is to be remembered; as some of the information helps you shape your perspective and refine it further. All the very best! GS-2 Cabinet approves A) Submission of India's Second Biennial Update Report (BUR) to United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) The scope of BUR is to provide an update to India's first BUR to UNFCCC. The BUR contains five major components — National Circumstances National Greenhouse Gas Inventory Mitigation Actions Finance Technology and Capacity Building Needs and Support Received and Domestic Monitoring Reporting and Verification (MRV) arrangements B) Setting up of the National Commission for Homoeopathy (NCH) Bill, 2018 Seeks to replace the existing regulator Central Council for Homoeopathy (CCH) with a new body to ensure transparency. The draft bill provides for the constitution of a National Commission with three autonomous boards entrusted with conducting overall education of Homoeopathy by Homoeopathy Education Board. The Board of assessment and rating to assess and grant permission to educational institutions of Homoeopathy and Board of ethics and registration of practitioners of Homoeopathy to maintain National Register and ethical issues relating to practice are under the National Commission for Homoeopathy. It also proposes a common entrance exam and an exit exam which all graduates will have to clear to get practicing licenses. Further, a teacher's eligibility test has been proposed to assess the standard of teachers before appointment and promotions. It further aims at bringing reforms in the medical education of Homoeopathy in lines with the National Medical Commission proposed for setting up for Allopathy system of medicine. The CCH had been earlier superseded by Board of Governors through an Ordinance and subsequent amendment of Act. C) Setting up of the National Commission for Indian System of Medicine Bill, 2018: Seeks to replace the existing regulator Central Council for Indian Medicine (CCIM) with a new body to ensure transparency. Provides for the constitution of a National Commission with four autonomous boards entrusted with conducting overall education of Ayurveda, under Board of Ayurveda and Unani, Siddha &Sowarigpa under Board of Unaini, Siddha and Sowarigpa. There are two common Boards namely, Board of assessment and rating to assess and grant permission to educational institutions of Indian systems of Medicine and Board of ethics and registration of practitioners of Indian systems of medicine to maintain National Register and ethical issues relating to practice under the National Commission for Indian Medicine. It also proposes a common entrance exam and an exit exam, which all graduates will have to clear to get practicing licenses. Further, a teacher's eligibility test has been proposed in the Bill to assess the standard of teachers before appointment and promotions. The draft bill is aimed at bringing reforms in the medical education of Indian medicine sector in lines with the National Medical Commission proposed for setting up for Allopathy system of medicine. The proposed regulatory structure will enable transparency and accountability for protecting the interest of the general public. The NCIM will promote availability of affordable healthcare services in all parts of the country. D) Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification 2018: The move comes in the backdrop of a series of representations received by the Ministry of Environment, Forest & Climate Change from various Coastal States/UTs, besides other stakeholders, for a comprehensive review of the provisions of the CRZ Notification, 2011, particularly related to the management and conservation of marine and coastal eco-systems, development in coastal areas, eco-tourism, livelihood option and sustainable development of coastal communities etc. It will lead to enhanced activities in the coastal regions thereby promoting economic growth while also respecting the conservation principles of coastal regions. It will not only result in significant employment generation but also to better life and add value to the economy of India. The new notification is expected to rejuvenate the coastal areas while reducing their vulnerabilities.      Salient Features: Allowing FSI as per current norms in CRZ areas: As per CRZ, 2011 Notification, for CRZ-II (Urban) areas, Floor Space Index (FSI) or the Floor Area Ratio (FAR) had been frozen as per 1991 Development Control Regulation (DCR) levels. In the CRZ, 2018 Notification, it has been decided to de-freeze the same and permit FSI for construction projects, as prevailing on the date of the new Notification. This will enable redevelopment of these areas to meet the emerging needs. Densely populated rural areas to be afforded greater opportunity for development: For CRZ-III (Rural) areas, two separate categories have now been stipulated as below: (a)  CRZ-III A - These are densely populated rural areas with a population density of 2161 per square kilometre as per 2011 Census. Such areas shall have a No Development Zone (NDZ) of 50 meters from the HTL as against 200 meters from the High Tide Line stipulated in the CRZ Notification, 2011 since such areas have similar characteristics as urban areas. (b)  CRZ-III B - Rural areas with population density of below 2161 per square kilometre as per 2011 Census. Such areas shall continue to have an NDZ of 200 meters from the HTL. Tourism infrastructure for basic amenities to be promoted: Temporary tourism facilities such as shacks, toilet blocks, change rooms, drinking water facilities etc. have now been permitted in Beaches. Such temporary tourism facilities are also now permissible in the "No Development Zone" (NDZ) of the CRZ-III areas as per the Notification. However, a minimum distance of 10 m from HTL should be maintained for setting up of such facilities. CRZ Clearances streamlined: The procedure for CRZ clearances has been streamlined. Only such projects/activities, which are located in the CRZ-I (Ecologically Sensitive Areas) and CRZ IV (area covered between Low Tide Line and 12 Nautical Miles seaward) shall be dealt with for CRZ clearance by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The powers for clearances with respect to CRZ-II and III have been delegated at the State level with necessary guidance. A No Development Zone (NDZ) of 20 meters has been stipulated for all Islands: For islands close to the main land coast and for all Backwater Islands in the main land, in wake of space limitations and unique geography of such regions, bringing uniformity in treatment of such regions, NDZ of 20 m has been stipulated. All Ecologically Sensitive Areas have been accorded special importance: Specific guidelines related to their conservation and management plans have been drawn up as a part of the CRZ Notification. Pollution abatement has been accorded special focus: In order to address pollution in Coastal areas treatment facilities have been made permissible activities in CRZ-I B area subject to necessary safeguards. Defence and strategic projects have been accorded necessary dispensation Committee involved: The Shailesh Nayank Committee E) Amendment in the Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012: The amendment is expected to discourage the trend of child sexual abuse by acting as a deterrent due to strong penal provisions incorporated in the Act. It may protect the interest of vulnerable children in times of distress and ensures their safety and dignity. The amendment aims to establish clarity regarding the aspects of child abuse and punishment thereof. The POCSO Act, 2012 was enacted to Protect the Children from Offences of Sexual Assault, Sexual harassment and pornography with due regard for safeguarding the interest and well-being of children. The Act defines a child as any person below eighteen years of age, and regards the best interests and welfare of the child as matter of paramount importance at every stage, to ensure the healthy physical, emotional, intellectual and social development of the child. The act is gender neutral. The amendment in Section-4, Section-5, Section-6, Section-9, Section-14, Section-15 and Section-42 of Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012, is made to address the aspects of child sexual abuse in appropriate manner. The modification is made to address the need for stringent measures required to deter the rising trend of child sex abuse in the country. To discourage the trend of child sexual abuse by acting as a deterrent Section-4, Section-5 and Section-6 are proposed to be amended to provide option of stringent punishment, including death penalty, for committing aggravated penetrative sexual assault crime on a child to protect the children from sexual abuse. The amendments are also proposed in section-9 to protect children from sexual offences in times of natural calamities and disasters and in cases where children are administered, in any way, any hormone or any chemical substance, to attains early sexual maturity for the purpose of penetrative sexual assault. Section-14 and Section-15 of the POCSO Act, 2012 are also proposed to be amended to address the menace of the child pornography. It is proposed to levy fine for not destroying/or deleting/ or reporting the pornographic material involving a child. The person can be further penalized with jail term or fine or both for transmitting/propagating/administrating such material in any manner except for the purpose of reporting as may be prescribed and for use as evidence in court. Penal provisions have been made more stringent for storing/possessing any pornographic material in any form involving a child for commercial purpose. F) Indian Human Spaceflight Initiative: Gaganyaan Programme Gaganyaan Programme will establish a broader framework for collaboration between ISRO, academia, industry, national agencies and other scientific organizations. This will allow pooling in of diverse technological and industrial capabilities and enable broader participation in research opportunities and technology development benefitting large number of students and researchers. The flight system realization will be through Industry. It is expected to generate employment and train human resources in advanced technologies. It will inspire large number of young students to take up science and technology careers for national development. Gaganyaan Programme is a national effort and will involve the participation of the Industry, Academia and National Agencies spread across the length and breadth of the country. Impact: The programme is expected to spur research and development within the country in niche science and technology domains. Huge potential for technology spinoffs in areas such as medicine, agriculture, industrial safety, pollution, waste management, water and food resource management etc. Human spaceflight programme will provide a unique micro-gravity platform in space for conducting experiments and test bed for future technologies. The programme is expected to give impetus to economic activities within the country in terms of employment generation, human resource development and enhanced industrial capabilities. Human Spaceflight capability will enable India to participate as a collaborating partner in future Global space exploration initiatives with long term national benefits. G) Cabinet apprised of two Bilateral MoUs between India and Cuba, and India and Korea in the area of Biotechnology: The MoUs have been signed to Strengthen the Indo-Cuba and Indo-Republic of Korea bilateral ties Work out the future agenda for the collaboration for Innovation in S&T Diplomacy to evolve a concrete strategic plan in the area of biotechnology education, training and research. The proposal has the potential towards employment generation for more than 50 postgraduates and Ph.Ds in biological sciences and related areas for a period of upto five years. GS-3 India submits Sixth National Report to the Convention of Biological Diversity (CBD) (Topic: Environment Conservation, environmental pollution and degradation, environmental impact assessment) India is among the first five countries in the world, the first in Asia and the first among the biodiversity rich megadiverse countries to have submitted NR6 to the CBD Secretariat. Submission of national reports is a mandatory obligation on Parties to international treaties, including CBD.  As a responsible nation, India has never reneged on its international commitments and has earlier submitted on time five National Reports to the CBD. The NR6 provides an update of progress in achievement of 12 National Biodiversity Targets (NBT) developed under the Convention process in line with the 20 global Aichi biodiversity targets.  Briefly, the Report highlights that while India has exceeded/overachieved two NBTs, it is on track to achieve eight NBTs and in respect of the remaining two NBTs also, India is striving to meet the targets by the stipulated time of 2020.     With well over 20 percent of its total geographical area under biodiversity conservation, India has exceeded the terrestrial component of 17 percent of Aichi target 11, and 20 percent of corresponding NBT relating to areas under biodiversity management. Similarly, India has also made noteworthy achievement towards NBT relating to access and benefit sharing (ABS) by operationalising the Nagoya Protocol on ABS. Having published the first internationally recognized certificate of compliance (IRCC) under the Protocol in 2015, India has since published nearly 75% of the IRCCs published so far on ABS Clearing House. Thus, in respect of these two NBTs (6 and 9), the progress made by India has exceeded the targets. India has done well on raising awareness about biodiversity, which is an important thrust area in several programmes of the Government. As a megadiverse country harbouring nearly 7-8% of globally recorded species while supporting 18% of the global human population on a mere 2.4% of the world’s land area, India’s quest for inclusive economic development while maintaining integrity of its natural capital is being pursued through various programmes and strategies.    Measures have been adopted for sustainable management of agriculture, fisheries and forests, with a view to provide food and nutritional security to all without destroying the natural resource base while ensuring intergenerational environmental equity.  Programmes are in place to maintain genetic diversity of cultivated plants, farms livestock and their wild relatives, towards minimising genetic erosion and safeguarding their genetic diversity. Mechanisms and enabling environment are being created for recognising and protecting the vast heritage of coded and oral traditional knowledge relating to biodiversity for larger human welfare while safeguarding the interests and rights of the local communities as creators and holders of this knowledge.   India has been investing a huge amount on biodiversity directly or indirectly through several development schemes of the Central and State Governments, to the tune of Rs 70,000 crores per annum as against the estimated annual requirement of nearly Rs 1,09,000 crores. India has nearly two third of the population of wild tigers in the world.  The population of lion has risen from 177 in 1968 to over 520 in 2015, and elephants from 12,000 in 1970s to 30,000 in 2015.  One-horned Indian Rhino which was on the brink of extinction during the early 20th century, now number 2400. Further, while globally over 0.3 % of total recorded species are critically endangered, in India only 0.08% of the species recorded are in this category. India is committed to protecting its rich heritage of biodiversity which are so vital to our economic and social development. Please Note: 2023: Year of Millets Ace Badminton Player Ms. P.V. Sindhu: Scripted history by becoming the 1st Indian to win BWF World Tour Finals Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) software enables the identification of malnourished   children based on auto-plotting of Growth Charts. The drill–down dashboard available at National, State, District, Block level enables timely identification and interventions to address the problem of under-nutrition. Aajeevika Grameen Express Yojana (AGEY), the sub-scheme under Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana-National Rural Livelihoods Mission (DAY-NRLM) to facilitate transport facilities in the rural areas and also provide job opportunities to members of Self-Help Groups (SHGs) under DAY-NRLM. To provide safe, affordable and community monitored rural transport services to connect remote villages with key services and amenities (including access to markets, education and health) for the overall economic development of the area by making use of the supports available within the framework of DAY-NRLM. To provide an alternative source of livelihoods to members of Self Help Groups (SHGs) and their families under DAY-NRLM by facilitating them to operate public transport services in backward rural areas, as identified by the States. National Mission on Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual, Heritage Augmentation Drive (PRASHAD) Scheme: Integrated development of identified pilgrimage destinations Adopt a Heritage Project: To provide world class tourist facilities at the various natural/cultural heritage sites, monuments and other tourist sites. The project plans to entrust heritage sites/monuments and other tourist sites to private sector companies, public sector companies and individuals for the development of various tourist amenities. Green Skill Development Programme (GSDP): In order to skill youth in environment, forest and wildlife sectors and enable them to be gainfully employed/ self-employed North East Industrial Development Scheme (NEIDS), 2017 covers eligible industrial units in the manufacturing and service sectors Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura and Sikkim to promote industrialization and boost employment and income generation. National Investment & Manufacturing Zones (NIMZs) are one of the important instruments of National Manufacturing Policy, 2011. NIMZs are envisaged as large areas of developed land with the requisite eco-system for promoting world class manufacturing activity. The main objective of Special Economic Zones is promotion of exports, while NIMZs are based on the principle of industrial growth in partnership with States and focuses on manufacturing growth and employment generation. NIMZs are different from SEZs in terms of size, level of infrastructure planning, governance structures related to regulatory procedures, and exit policies. National Committee on Dam Safety (NCDS) To oversee dam safety activities in various States and suggest improvements to bring these in line with the latest state-of-art consistently with Indian conditions. To act as a forum of exchange of views on techniques adopted for remedial measures to relieve distress. To monitor the follow-up action on the report on dam safety procedures. To recommend any other measures connected with dam safety. Release of commemorative stamp and coin on Paika Rebellion: The Paika Rebellion (Paika Bidroha) (predates the first war of independence in 1857 but did not get similar recognition) was fought against British rule, in Odisha in 1817. The Paikas rose in rebellion under their leader Bakshi Jagabandhu and, projecting Jagannath as the symbol of Odia unity, the rebellion quickly spread across most of Odisha before being ruthlessly put down by the company's forces. It was aimed at upholding the rights of the Odia people and sovereignty of Odisha. Paika Rebellion was not only the rebellion of Paikas, it was a National War waged by ordinary people at the grassroots level who resented the dispossession of their Sovereign of his rights and the consequential repressive measures that followed. Who were the Paikas? The Paikas were the traditional militia of Odisha. They served as warriors and were charged with policing functions during peacetime. Reasons behind the war: The Paiks were alienated by the British regime, who took over the hereditary rent-free lands granted to them after the conquest of Khurda. They were also subjected to extortion and oppression at the hands of the company government and its servants. The extortionist land revenue policy of the company affected the peasants and the zamindars alike. A source of much consternation for the common people was the rise in prices of salt due to taxes imposed on it by the new government. The company also abolished the system of cowrie currency that had existed in Odisha prior to its conquest and required that taxes be paid in silver. This caused much popular hardship and discontent. In 1804 the Raja of Khurda planned a rebellion against the British in alliance with the Paiks, but the plot was soon discovered and the Raja's territory confiscated. Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation Aim: To establish infrastructure that could ensure adequate robust sewage networks and water supply for urban transformation by implementing urban revival projects. Rajasthan: First state in the country to submit State Annual Action Plan under Atal Mission for Rejuvenation and Urban Transformation (AMRUT). Mission of AMRUT: Ensure that every household has access to a tap with assured supply of water and a sewerage connection Increase the amenity value of cities by developing greenery and well-maintained open spaces (e.g. parks) Reduce pollution by switching to public transport or constructing facilities for non-motorized transport (e.g. walking and cycling). Synergy between Smart Cities Mission and AMRUT The two missions that were simultaneously launched – Smart Cities Mission and AMRUT are interlinked. AMRUT adopts a project approach to ensure basic infrastructure services in 500 cities and towns. Smart Cities Mission adopts an area-based approach in 100 cities with focus on core infrastructure services like: Adequate and clean Water supply, Sanitation and Solid Waste Management, Efficient Urban Mobility and Public Transportation, Affordable housing for the poor, power supply, robust IT connectivity, Governance, especially e-governance and citizen participation, safety and security of citizens, health and education and sustainable urban environment. Note: The World Bank has recently released the Doing Business Report (DBR) 2019 and the country’s rank in Construction Permits indicator has gone up to 52 from 181, a year ago. This was achieved due to the reforms implemented and consistent efforts of the Municipal Corporations of Delhi and Mumbai in facilitating Ease of Doing Business in construction permits. Must Read: Link 1 Doubling of Farmers’ Income The Government has been reorienting the agriculture sector by focusing on an income-centeredness which goes beyond achieving merely the targeted production. The income approach focuses on achieving high productivity, reduced cost of cultivation and remunerative price on the produce, with a view to earn higher profits from farming. Initiating market reforms through the State Governments by amending the agriculture marketing regime. Encouraging contract farming through the State Governments by promulgating of Model Contract Farming Act. 22,000 Gramin Haats are to be upgraded to work as centers of aggregation and for direct purchase of agricultural commodities from the farmers. Launch of eNAM initiative to provide farmers an electronic online trading platform. Implementation of flagship scheme of distribution of Soil Health Cards to farmers so that the use of fertilizers can be optimized.  So far more than 15 crore Soil Health Cards have been distributed in two cycles. “Per drop more crop” initiative under which drip/sprinkler irrigation is being encouraged for optimal utilization of water. “Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana (PKVY)” under which organic farming is being promoted.  North East is being developed as organic hub. A revised farmer friendly “Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana (PMFBY)” have been launched. The scheme covers various types of risks from pre-sowing to post harvest and the farmers have to pay very nominal premium. Under “Har Medh Par Ped”, agro forestry is being promoted for supplementing farm income, increase risk management and climate resilient agriculture as an important component of Integrated Farming Systems The Indian Forest Act, 1927 was amended to exclude bamboo from the definition of ‘trees’. Henceforth bamboo grown outside forest area will not be regulated under the provisions of felling and transit rules. As a corollary the restructured National Bamboo Mission was launched for development of the value chain of bamboo as a measure to strengthen rural economy by linking the producer (farmer) to markets (industry). Launch of PM-Asha scheme which will ensure MSP to farmers for oilseeds, pulses and copra. Minimum Support Price (MSP) is notified by the Government for certain crops. Giving a major boost for the farmers income, the Government has approved the increase in the MSPs for all Kharif & Rabi crops for 2018-19 season at a level of at least 150 percent of the cost of production. Bee keeping has been promoted under Mission for Integrated Development of Horticulture (MIDH) to increase the productivity of crops through pollination and increase the honey production as an additional source of income of farmers. Rashtriya Gokul Mission has been implemented to enhance milk production and productivity of bovines and to make milk production more remunerative to the farmers. National Livestock Mission has been implemented to increase productivity and genetic improvement of livestock. Foreseeing high potential in fisheries sector, a Blue Revolution with multi-dimensional activities mainly focusing on fisheries production, both inland and marine is being implemented. The National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture (NMSA), on of the eight Missions under the PM’s National Action Plan on Climate Change is anchored in the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare. The revised strategy document for 2018-2030 was prepared for enhancing preparedness of the agriculture and allied sector towards the challenges posed by climate change New initiatives taken for increasing production and productivity of Nutri-Cereals from 2018-19 onwards: - Breeder seed production of nutri-cereals Creation of seed hubs Certified seed production Seed mini kits allocation Strengthening/creation of Center of Excellence Publicity of nutri-cereals Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojna (RKVY) is an important scheme of the Government of India, Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers' Welfare (MoA&FW), aimed at strengthening infrastructure in agriculture and allied areas. Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay SanraksHan Abhiyan (PM-AASHA)                                                PM-AASHA will provide MSP assurance to farmers: A reflection of Government’s commitment to the “Annadata” Giving a major boost to the pro-farmer initiatives of the Government and in keeping with its commitment and dedication for the Annadata, the Union Cabinet has approved a new Umbrella Scheme “Pradhan Mantri Annadata Aay SanraksHan Abhiyan’ (PM-AASHA). The Scheme is aimed at ensuring remunerative prices to the farmers for their produce as announced in the Union Budget for 2018. Components of PM-AASHA: The new Umbrella Scheme includes the mechanism of ensuring remunerative prices to the farmers and is comprised of Price Support Scheme (PSS), Price Deficiency Payment Scheme (PDPS) Pilot of Private Procurement & Stockist Scheme (PPPS). National Heritage City Development and Augmentation Yojana – HRIDAY By: The Ministry of Urban Development, Government of India Aim: To preserve and revitalise soul of the heritage city to reflect the city’s unique character by encouraging aesthetically appealing, accessible, informative & secured environment. Objectives: Planning, development and implementation of heritage sensitive infrastructure. Service delivery and infrastructure provisioning in historic city core areas. Preserve and revitalize heritage wherein tourists can connect directly with city’s unique character. Develop and document a heritage asset inventory of cities – natural, cultural, living and built heritage as a basis for urban planning, growth and service provision & delivery. Implementation and enhancement of basic services delivery with focus on sanitation services like public conveniences, toilets, water taps, street lights with use of latest technologies in improving tourist facilities/amenities. Local capacity enhancement for inclusive heritage-based industry. Create effective linkages between tourism and cultural facilities and also the conservation of natural and built heritage. Urban heritage adaptive rehabilitation and maintenance, including appropriate technologies for historic buildings retrofitting. Establish and manage effective public private partnership for adaptive urban rehabilitation. Development and promotion of core tangible economic activities to enhance avenues of livelihoods amongst stakeholders. This would also include necessary skill development amongst them including making public spaces accessible and developing cultural spaces. Making cities informative with use of modern ICT tools and making cities secure with modern surveillance and security apparatus like CCTV etc. Increase accessibility i.e. physical access (roads as well as universal design) and intellectual access (i.e. digital heritage and GIS mapping of historical locations/ tourist maps and routes). Year-end report of Ministry of Skill Development and Entrepreneurship (MSDE) Policy, Framework & Standards Launch of the National Policy for Skill Development and Entrepreneurship in 2015: First ever comprehensive policy framework for skill development of the country National Skill Development Mission launched– First ever national implementation plan covering all states, territories and people Common Norms – launched in 2015 to provide harmonization of training costs, processes, assessments, certification and outcome. Presently over 20 Ministries are implementing skill development schemes Enforcement of National Skills Qualification Framework (NSQF) –more than 2,000Qualification Packs developed in four years Programs/Initiatives Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY): It is one of the flagship schemes of the Ministry aimed at providing free-of-cost skill training to over 1 Crore youth in 4 years in 221+ job roles; offering short term training between 2 months to 6 months. Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Kendra (PMKK): It is an initiative towards creation of “Model Training Centers” with standardized infrastructure for delivery of skill development training to be opened in every district of India; aiming to make benchmark institutions that can demonstrate aspirational value for competency-based skill development amongst key stakeholders- industry and trainees. National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (NAPS): The scheme is aimed to increase the involvement of industries and employers in engaging youth as apprentices and providing on-the-job skill training to create a ready workforce. The government reimburses part of stipend paid by the employer. SANKALP: Skills Acquisition and Knowledge Awareness for Livelihood Promotion (SANKALP) project aims to implement the mandate of the National Skill Development Mission (NSDM) STRIVE: “Skills Strengthening for Industrial Value Enhancement (STRIVE)” is an outcome-based project, marking a shift in government’s implementation strategy in vocational education and training from inputs to results building in a strong shift to an outcome-based skill ecosystem. The STRIVE project aims at creating awareness through industry clusters/ geographical chambers that would address the challenge of involvement of Micro, Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs). Vision for the future of mobility in India 7 Cs: Common, Connected, Convenient, Congestion-free, Charged, Clean and Cutting-edge. Public Transport must be the cornerstone of India’s mobility initiatives It must be integrated with geographies and different modes of transport Mobility should be safe, affordable and accessible to all sections of society It must be a check on the economic and environment costs of congestion Investments are being made across value chains from batteries to smart charging to Electric Vehicle manufacturing Mobility must be powered by clean energy which is India’s most powerful weapon in the fight against climate change It is a sector with immense opportunity for innovation and growth which can help solve problems for public good FAME-India [Faster Adoption and Manufacturing of (Hybrid &) Electric Vehicles in India]: The scheme is being implemented over a period of 6 years till 2020. It will support the hybrid and electric vehicles market development and its manufacturing eco-system to achieve self-sustenance at the end of this period. Government of India is committed to instil confidence in the industry and allow them to plan required investments and create needed capacities. This will also enable the scheme to align with Government’s Make in India initiative. The scheme focuses on four areas: Technology Development Demand Creation Pilot Projects Charging Infrastructure Vision for Central Public Sector Enterprises (CPSEs) CPSEs are the wealth of the nation and will be an important catalyst to fulfil the vision of New India by 2022. Three mantras for CPSEs- Incentives, Imagination and Institution building in order to bring about this transformation – Unique incentives, not necessarily financial, will energize the public enterprises. Imagination will bring about technological changes for which leadership is necessary Institution building will transform the public enterprises from Maharatna into New India Ratna Enterprises. Formulae which will prepare the CPSEs to compete with the best companies in the world: 5 Ps- Performance, Process, Persona, Procurement and Preparedness Quotes The Vice President of India, Shri M. Venkaiah Naidu On Sports Every child should be encouraged to take up some form of sporting activity from early days. Participating in sports will instill confidence, team spirit and helps children to become better human beings. It is essential to be a healthy nation to become a wealthy and prosperous nation. On Good Governance Good Governance and Reforms must empower the last man in the queue Development strategy to be effective & should help achieve broad-based economic growth People’s cooperation is vital for the development of the nation Need to nurture sustainable agricultural practices and place great emphasis on the efficiency to meet the food and nutrition needs of India. There is a need to modernize and consolidate Indian agriculture and said that ‘Maximum output through optimal utilization of resources’ should be the Mantra. India that witnessed a growth rate of 7.1% during the last quarter of 2018 must build on the growth story further by taking advantage of the youth power by realising the demographic dividend.

Daily Current Affairs [IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam] – 29th December 2018

Daily Current Affairs [IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam] – 29th December 2018 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Changes to POCSO Act Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Children issue; Sexual Assault In news: Cabinet approved changes to Protection of Children from Sexual Offences (POCSO) Act, 2012 to protect all children under 12. In other words, the amendment will bring punishments for sexual assaults on boys on a par with those against girls. These include the provision of death penalty when the child is under 12 years and when a penetrative sexual assault is committed by a relative. Pic: https://d39gegkjaqduz9.cloudfront.net/TH/2018/12/29/DEL/Delhi/TH/5_01/2d221946_2625913_101_mr.jpg Do you know? After Kathua rape case, the government has initiated to bring changes that include death penalty for gang rape of a girl under 12 years and 20 years in jail or death penalty for rape of a girl under 12 years. Gaganyaan: Indian into space by 2022 Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Science and Technology; Space Missions In news: The Union Cabinet approved the ambitious Gaganyaan programme, which will send three Indian astronauts to space for up to seven days by 2022 at a cost of ₹10,000 crore. As part of the programme, two unmanned flights and one manned flight will be undertaken. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) has developed the launch vehicle GSLV MK-III, which has the necessary payload capability to launch a three-member crew module in low earth orbit. Do you know? Escape system tested – The ISRO has also tested the crew escape system, an essential technology for human space flight. Elements of the life support system and the space suit have also been realised and tested Animal in news: Hangul Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Environment and Biodiversity; Animal Conservation In news: Hangul is a sub-species of the European red deer, in Kashmir. It is state animal of Jammu and Kashmir. It is an endangered species. (IUCN Status: ‘critically endangered’) Majorly confined to the Dachigam National Park. Important Value Additions: Kashmiri Red Stag or Hangul is known for its giant antlers bearing 11 to 16 points. Only one viable population left today in the wild is largely confined to the Greater Dachigam Landscape (1,000 sq.km.), encompassing the Dachigam National Park (NP) and adjoining protected areas. It is one of three critically endangered species in Jammu and Kashmir. The other two are markhor, the Tibetan antelope or ‘chiru’. It was designated as State Animal of Jammu & Kashmir in 1980’s. It is listed under Schedule-I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and J&K Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1978 and has also been listed among the top 15 species of high conservation priority by the Government of India. States get greater say over coastal regions Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Indian Polity; Centre-State Relations In news: Union Cabinet approved the Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Notification 2018 (after comprehensive review of the provisions of the CRZ Notification, 2011). The 2018 notification is aimed at streamlining of Coastal Regulation Zone clearances, enhancing activities in the coastal regions and promoting economic growth while keeping in mind conservation principles of coastal regions. According to the new notification – Only such projects which are located in CRZ-I (Ecologically Sensitive Areas) and IV (area covered between Low Tide Line and 12 nautical miles seaward) will require the necessary clearance from the Union Ministry. The powers for clearances with respect to CRZ-II (the areas that have been developed up to or close to the shoreline) and III (areas that are relatively undisturbed) have been delegated to the State level. The construction norms on Floor Space Index (FSI) or the Floor Area Ratio (FAR), which was frozen at 1991 Development Control Regulation (DCR) levels, have been relaxed and will now be based on laws which are in vogue. The new notification also relaxed the No Development Zone (NDZ) criteria. Densely populated rural areas with a population density of 2,161 per square kilometre, falling under CRZ-III A, now have NDZ of 50 metres from the High Tide Line (HTL) as against 200 metres stipulated in the CRZ Notification, 2011. For islands close to the mainland coast and for all backwater islands in the mainland, the new norms stipulate an NDZ of 20 metres. The notification also permits temporary tourism facilities such as shacks, toilet blocks, change rooms, drinking water facilities etc. in beaches. Such temporary tourism facilities are also now permissible in NDZ of the CRZ-III areas. The new notification may “boost tourism in terms of more activities, more infrastructure and more opportunities and will certainly go a long way in creating employment opportunities in various aspects of tourism”. Also, in order to address pollution in coastal areas, setting up of treatment facilities have been made permissible activities in CRZ—I B area subject to necessary safeguards. Defence and strategic projects have been accorded necessary dispensation, the order said. Pic: https://d39gegkjaqduz9.cloudfront.net/TH/2018/12/29/DEL/Delhi/TH/5_11/db99b0f5_2625945_101_mr.jpg India-Bhutan ties: ₹4,500-cr. assistance for Bhutan Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – India and its neighbours; International Relations In news: India to support Bhutan’s development needs by providing ₹4,500 crore. (For Bhutan’s 12th five-year plan) Bhutan Prime Minister Lotay Tshering who visited India assured his government’s commitment to maintain warm ties with India. India to continue to be a reliable partner in development assistance. Do you know? Bhutan remains one of the key recipients of development assistance from India. According to the Ministry of External Affairs, India provided ₹4,500 crore for the 11th five year plan that lasted between 2013 and 2018. Now, India is committed to supporting Bhutan’s next five-year plan to begin shortly. On sharing South Asian Satellite - Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is moving ahead with plans to set up a ground station in Bhutan that will help in telemedicine, disaster relief and climate trends. Mangdechhu hydro power project to be completed soon. Hydroelectricity is the main source of revenue for Bhutan and negotiations to fix the tariff rates on major projects continue. Draft National Commission for Indian System of Medicine Bill, 2018 Part of: GS Mains II – Government schemes and policies In news: Union Cabinet has approved the draft National Commission for Indian System of Medicine Bill, 2018. National Commission for Indian System (NCIM) will promote availability of affordable healthcare services in all parts of the country. Do you know? The draft Bill will enable the constitution of a National Commission with four autonomous boards for the purpose of conducting overall education in Ayurveda, Unani, Siddha and Sowarigpa. To assess the standard of teachers before appointment and promotions, the Bill proposes an entrance and an exit exam that all graduates need to clear to get practising licenses. (MAINS FOCUS) SOCIAL/WELFARE TOPIC:General studies 2 Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out of their design and implementation. Social empowerment Social issues Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes; mechanisms, laws, institutions and bodies constituted for the protection and betterment of these vulnerable sections. Why 2018 Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill is seriously flawed? Introduction: We had earlier covered about Transgender Persons Bill, 2018, whether the current Bill is a progressive step towards extending constitutional protection to the highly marginalised community. (For more - Transgender Persons Bill, 2018: Rights, revised) We came across what were the positives in new bill and concerns in the revised Bill. Today’s editorial covers the major short comings in the revised bill – Lack of proper definition for transgenders No provision for self-determination of gender No reservations Criminalises begging Sexual Harassment not addressed Civil rights ignored Concerns: 1. No provision for self-determination of gender In the landmark NALSA v. Union of India judgment, Supreme Court laid down that – Transgender and intersex persons have the constitutional right to self-identify their gender as male, female or transgender even without medical intervention. No one should be forced to undergo medical procedures, including SRS, sterilization or hormonal therapy, as a requirement for legal recognition of their gender identity. In other words, medical procedures should not be required as a pre-condition for any identity documents for transgender and intersex persons, nor should there be any requirement of a mental health assessment. Requiring a person to submit proof of medical treatment or mental health assessment of their gender identity violates one’s right to dignity, the right to be free from unwanted medical treatment and the right to be free from discrimination. However, the Transgender Persons (Protection of Rights) Bill, 2018 which was passed by the Lok Sabha recently, has caused great alarm. The 2018 Bill in Section 6 establishes a District Screening Committee for the purpose of recognition of transgender persons. The District Screening Committee includes a chief medical officer and a psychologist/psychiatrist, which goes to show that medical and psychological tests would be required for grant of change of gender identity. The Bill also does not allow for recognition of gender identity as male or female. It only allows for an identity certificate as ‘transgender’. This goes against the above decision of the Supreme Court, which recognised the right to self-identify oneself as male, female or transgender and would also be forcing intersex persons to get a gender identity as “transgender”. 2. No reservations The Supreme Court, in the landmark April 2014 NALSA judgment, had issued a directive “to extend all kinds of reservations in cases of admission in educational institutions and for public appointments” by treating transgender persons as socially and educationally backward classes. However, the 2018 Bill has failed to provide for any reservation for transgender and intersex persons in educational institutions and in public employment. 3. Criminalises begging The Bill also makes it a criminal offence for anyone to compel a transgender person into begging. However, a large number of people from the trans and intersex community are engaged in begging and sex work due to discrimination and not having any other opportunities. This provision would lead to members of the trans community being criminalised. 4. Civil rights ignored The Bill does not have a whole gamut of positive rights such as the rights of trans and intersex persons to inheritance of property, rights within the family such as adoption and to be free from domestic violence, rights of political participation such as the right to vote and hold public office, and the right to health to include free sex reassignment treatments. 5. Sexual Harassment not addressed It also does not make sexual violence against transgender and intersex persons a criminal offence. The current law on rape is gender specific and transgender persons have no recourse under criminal law for sexual assault. Do you know? U.K.’s Gender Recognition Act 2004 was the first law in the world allowing people to change gender without surgery. Since then other countries, including Argentina, Ireland and Denmark, have passed laws that allow people to ‘self-declare’ their gender, rather than seek approval from a panel of medical experts. The way ahead: The Transgender Bill omits positive rights and ignores the protections of the ‘NALSA’ judgment. District Screening Committee needs to be removed from the 2018 Bill. The Bill needs to state explicitly that no medical or mental health examination will be required and applicants will simply need to submit an affidavit attesting the request for a change of gender identity. There should be horizontal reservation in education and employment provided to them. (crucial for their social inclusion) The policy makers should ensure that the constitutional rights of transgender and intersex persons are realised. Connecting the dots: Can the new Bill passed for the Transgenders community prove to be an ally for them or just one more element in their exploitation? Discuss. NATIONAL/INFRASTRUCTURE TOPIC:General studies 2 and 3 North East Development Fostering development in North East India Infrastructure Bogibeel: A bridge across the Brahmaputra Introduction: Bogibeel, the longest railroad bridge of India, spanning nearly five-km across the Brahmaputra link Dibrugarh with North Lakhimpur district of Assam and parts of eastern Arunachal Pradesh. Sixty-eight years after being ravaged by a devastating earthquake and the ensuing floods, Dibrugarh is reclaiming its lost glory. It used to be a thriving centre of the plantation industry during the colonial times. For the people of the region, it remains a hub of higher education and medical treatment. However, for decades, the only recourse for people to cross the Brahmaputra would be to chug along for over an hour, in a diesel-propelled ferry, which would also carry their vehicles and goods, even cattle. Crossing the river could be a costlier proposition than flying between Mumbai and Goa. Major significance behind this bridge construction Commissioning the bridge has reduced the journey time across the river to less than five minutes, bringing relief to people living in these remote parts. The single biggest factor which has shackled the development of the Northeast region is the absence of robust connectivity. It has the potential to infuse economic dynamism in the region and provide opportunities for the expansion of tourism, industrial development and trade. Bogibeel must be viewed alongside other infrastructure developments in neighbouring Arunachal Pradesh. The iconic Bhupen Hazarika bridge over the Lohit river was commissioned recently by the prime minister. A 7.5 km long bridge over the Dibang river was dedicated to the nation a few days ago. The Trans Arunachal Highway has seen considerable progress, especially in the eastern part of the state. An airport has been commissioned at Pasighat, barely two hours away from Dibrugarh. One of the most pristine parts of Arunachal Pradesh has now become accessible to the rest of the world. This could give a fillip to tourism, given that the region has abundant wildlife and is ideal for river rafting and angling. However, an imaginative roadmap of tourism development, promotion and branding needs to be crafted, centred around the region’s tribal ethos. Dibrugarh lies at the heart of a crucial oil and gas axis in Assam, given its proximity to Digboi and Duliajan oilfields. Further east lie the Kharsang gas fields and Kumchai oilfields of Arunachal Pradesh. The district also has significant coal deposits. There are more than 200 tea factories in Dibrugarh. Commissioning of the bridge has raised the prospects of industrial development and opportunities for productive employment for the youth, especially in the mining and plantation sectors. Improving geo-political relations and reaching to the natural resources Bogibeel is the gateway to the historic Stilwell Road, which connects Ledo in Assam to Kunming in China, passing through Myanmar’s Kachin state, via Arunachal Pradesh. The 1,800 km long route was used for transporting arms to the Chinese by the Americans during World War II. Its revival for trade is well within grasp now. The route could well become the centrepiece of the ambitious Act East Policy. It would follow the Asian Highway (AH )14 and reach Kunming along AH3. The Chinese stretch has a six-lane highway, while the Indian side in Arunachal Pradesh has a two-lane highway. Infrastructure in Myanmar, of course, would need to be strengthened and the land customs station at Nampong in Arunachal Pradesh revived. Trade could revitalise economic activity, in what is otherwise one of the most backward parts of Arunachal Pradesh. From a strategic standpoint, movement of troops has become a much quicker, efficient and reliable proposition. Conclusion: The road beyond Dibrugarh leads to the frontier parts of Arunachal Pradesh, with a fully functional advanced landing ground of Air Force at Walong, barely 100 km from the Chinese border. This was a theatre of armed incursion in 1962. Now access to one of the remotest border outposts in Anjaw has been made much easier. Bogibeel is poised to usher winds of change in this part of the world. However, the advantage of connectivity must be accompanied by an imaginative blueprint of economic development, drawing upon the region’s advantages. The symbolism of Bogibeel goes well beyond the Brahmaputra. Connecting the dots: Discuss the significance of Bogibeel Bridge in fostering development in North East India and advantage it offers to Act East policy. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements about Hangul It is listed as ‘critically endangered’ under IUCN Red List It is the state animal of Himachal Pradesh and Jammu & Kashmir It is listed under Schedule-I of the Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 and J&K Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1978 Select the correct statements 1 and 2 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.2) Dachigam National Park is located in - Arunachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Assam Meghalaya Q.3) Consider the following about the Dhola–Sadiya Bridge, also referred to as the Bhupen Hazarika Setu: The bridge connects the northeast states of Assam and Arunachal Pradesh. The bridge spans the Lohit River, a major tributary of the Brahmaputra River. It is the longest bridge in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 2 and 3 only 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 Q.4) The river serves as an international border dividing India and Bhutan. It is a major tributary of Brahmaputra river. It is the main river flowing within a famous national park. Dibang Lohit Manas Kameng MUST READ  Gandhi and the audacity of hope The Hindu Strange deal: on new e-commerce police The Hindu  A shot at peace  Indian Express  When the state plays I spy Indian Express  

Daily Current Affairs [IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam] – 28th December 2018

Daily Current Affairs [IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam] – 28th December 2018 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Animal in news: Ganges River Dolphins Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Environment and Biodiversity; Animal Conservation In news: In India, the Ganges River Dolphin is threatened by river water pollution and siltation, rise in salinity in the water system, accidental entanglement in fishing nets, and poaching for their oil. In addition, alterations to the rivers in the form of barrages and dams are separating populations. Various organizations, including the WWF-India in Uttar Pradesh, have initiated programs for conservation and re-introduction of the River Dolphin. Important Value Additions: Ganges River Dolphins are considered as National aquatic animal IUCN status: Endangered Aspirational Districts Programme Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II and III – Social/Developmental issue; Government schemes and programmes; Inclusive growth In news: NITI Aayog released Second Delta Ranking under the Aspirational Districts Programme. The ranking will measure the incremental progress made by districts between June 1, 2018 and October 31, 2018. The districts have been ranked in a transparent basis on parameters across Health & Nutrition, Education, Agriculture & Water Resources, Financial Inclusion & Skill Development, and Basic Infrastructure through key performance indicators. The first Delta ranking for the Aspirational Districts was released in June 2018. It ranked the Aspirational Districts on improved performance across five developmental areas of Health and Nutrition, Education, Agriculture and Water Resources, Financial Inclusion and Skill Development, and Basic Infrastructure, over the months of April and May 2018, on the basis of self-reported data. Highlights: N. district Virudhunagar shows most improvement among country’s 111 underdeveloped areas. Jharkhand’s Pakur reflected the least improvement. Virudhunagar is followed by Nuapada in Odisha, Siddharthnagar in Uttar Pradesh, Aurangabad in Bihar and Koraput in Odisha. Jammu and Kashmir’s Kupwara topped the list for ‘fast movers’ for showing initiative and displaying a qualitative jump in scores between June and October 2018. In the first delta ranking, Kupwara had topped the list for ‘least improved aspirational districts’. Pic: https://d39gegkjaqduz9.cloudfront.net/TH/2018/12/28/DEL/Delhi/TH/5_07/615b9700_2623835_101_mr.jpg About Aspirational Districts Programme It was launched by PM Modi in January The ‘Transformation of Aspirational Districts’ programme aims to quickly and effectively transform most-underdeveloped districts. In line with government’s commitment to raising the living standards of its citizens and ensuring inclusive growth for all – “Sabka Saath Sabka Vikas”. “Adopt a Heritage” programme Part of: GS Prelims and Mains I and II – Conservation of India’s Heritage and Culture; Government schemes and programmes About the Adopt a Heritage programme: The scheme is a collaborative effort between the Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Culture and Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), and State/UTs It was launched in September 2017 on World Tourism Day by President Ram Nath Kovind. The Project aims to develop synergy among all partners to effectively promote “responsible tourism”. It aims to involve public sector companies, private sector companies and corporate citizens/individuals to take up the responsibility for making our heritage and tourism more sustainable through development, operation and maintenance of world-class tourist infrastructure and amenities at ASI/ State heritage sites and other important tourist sites in India. In news: Soon, tourists visiting Amer Fort (Rajasthan), Kaziranga (Assam), Colva Beach (Goa), Kumarakom (Kerala) and Mahabodhi temple (Bihar) will be able to avail themselves of an audio guide through a mobile application. Ministry of Culture signed an agreement with a private entity for the initiative (under “Adopt a Heritage” programme). The Ministry also awarded a Letter of Intent to seven agencies under its “Adopt a Heritage” programme which allows public and private sector companies to operate, maintain and develop amenities at heritage sites. These iconic tourist attractions include monuments of Khajuraho (Madhya Pradesh) and Mahabalipuram (Tamil Nadu), awarded to Dalmia Bharat Private Limited, as well as Bhimbetka rock shelters (Madhya Pradesh) and Aalampur Temple (Telangana), among others. Earlier this year, the Dalmia group was awarded an agreement to develop and maintain Red Fort in Delhi for a period of five years. (MAINS FOCUS) NATIONAL/SECURITY TOPIC:General studies 1 and 3 Secularism, Communalism and its impacts Freedom versus Security Security issues India needs ‘individual acts of bravery’: Growing Vigilantism on Communal Lines Context: Events over the past few years have prompted many to revisit the idea of individual freedom. Indeed, not just in India, but elsewhere too, the idea of individual freedom is under intense scrutiny. There are instances where governments across the world increasingly posing a threat to liberty. For example, recent incidents in India – Killing of Police inspector Subodh Kumar over cow slaughter protest, Killing of Journalist like Gauri Lankesh, Protest over individual Freedom like Naeeruddin Shah, Carnatic Musical Vocalist T M Krishna – highlight that we are at a juncture where fundamental notions of Modern India are under existential threat. Secularism: Western Model of Secularism- western notion of secularism is complete separation of church/religion from state. India’s secularism is not based on western notion of complete separation. India’s Secularism- India is home to religious diversity; faith is so central, the constitution maker adopted the principled distanced, ethical sensitive and politically negotiated model of secularism. Secularism and Personal Freedom- Personal freedom is very often associated with secularism, which, as received from the Western canon, is the separation of church from state. One particular freedom that has come under fire is the freedom of practicing one's own religion. Religion and Secularism: Though secularism is complete separation of religion and state, but at its heart, true secularism would be driven by universal values of truth, compassion and equality, which are fundamental values that straddle all religions. Because secularism is focus on freedom so as adhering of these values too, which are complementary and originated from religion. Truth, not to be confused with belief, has no sole custodian. Truth is based on observation, evidence, and inference, and is accessible to all. Compassion comes from an understanding of suffering: a compassionate person does not kill not because their faith tells them not to, but because they know that killing causes immense suffering. And the universal value of equality comes from recognition of both truth and compassion, empowering people to never substitute “uniqueness” with “superiority". Everyone may be unique in their own way, but they are all still equally unique — no one being more specially so than the other. Ultimately, we cannot find truth, or learn compassion, or appreciate equality if we have no freedom to think, to question, to seek, to find these for ourselves. These freedoms are, ultimately, the most valuable. Religion and Communalism: Having faith on one's religion is not bad, but feeling of superiority of one's religion over other religions with communal colour is bad. Reasons for Growth in Communalism- Religious heads for the sake of their interest created myths and enforce the religion as the prime identity over others identity. And moreover there has been emphasis on religious superiority of one over other by religious leaders. Political leaders instead evolving national identity and containing religion as one of the identity, used it for mobilisation of masses and further obstruct the path of nation building as India is still a poly-communal society. Implication of Communalism- Communism curb the value of tolerance, freedom and liberal thinking. And rise of communalism in extreme form can gave rise to Fascism as both communism and Fascism is based on myths and propaganda used for mobilisation of Masses. Tenants of Fascism Myths- Fascism always promises to return us to a mythic past. Similarly, fascist politicians use propaganda, for example, about portraying racial superiority of Germans and inferiority of Jews (Myth by Hitler). Hyper Nationalism- Dissent, particularly in universities and public spaces, is being curbed. Sloganeering and flag raising have become tests for nationalism. Journalists, political activists and intellectuals, who are trying to reveal the myths and propagate their views were blown out of proportion, and misunderstood as an expression of disloyalty to the country. Anti-intellectualism- For the "enemy of fascism is equality,” and the target of such anti-intellectual campaigns are places of learning, like universities. Only the mythical “common man” can know what is right. (Note the emphasis on “man”, which includes no women, or racial and sexual minorities.) Unquestionable domination of Majority- Unlike liberal democracies, based on freedom and equality, fascist regimes posit the dominant group's interests as the ultimate, unquestionable truth. The dominant group is also always the victim of the situation. They rely on conspiracy theories to justify calls to power. And most tellingly, fascist politicians promise a law and order regime designed not to seek out offenders, but to criminalise outliers, who are usually ethnic, religious or sexual minorities. Way ahead: India's nearly 70-year-old liberal manifesto - The Constitution - contains all the declarations essential to a nation that preserves individual liberties. It is for us to protect it from neglect and disrepair. According to B.R. Ambedkar, “The assertion by the individual of his own opinions and beliefs, his own independence and interest as over and against group standards... is the beginning of all reform.” The ordinary citizen [must] stand up and loudly confront people who engage in... fascist rhetoric and not be afraid. Those millions of acts of individual bravery, if we can stitch together, will save us. Thus active public participation in political sphere, practicing right to vote, in scrutinizing the policies of government, reporting the unevil incidents and stopping wherever possible is must. Connecting the dots: Lynching by mobs and vigilantism on communal lines has become a recurring phenomenon in India. What can be the possible factors behind this trend? Examine. Also suggest ways to address it. Why does communalism remain a potent political tool in 21st century India? Why haven’t forces of development overcome communal factors? Analyse. NATIONAL TOPIC:General studies 2 Social/Welfare Issue Government Schemes and Policies  Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and the performance of these schemes Social Problems in India - Poverty; Inequality  The safety net of the future Introduction: Social inequality is the most acutely felt social problem in India, insecurity, more than poverty, is the most acutely felt economic problem. While most measures suggest that only one-fifth of the population today is under the official poverty line, large sections of those even much above that line are subject to brutal economic insecurities of various kinds (due to weather or health risks, market fluctuations, job losses). Background of the loan waivers A bad idea plays havoc with the banking culture (just as that of loan waivers for corporate defaulters does), but most of it goes to help the middle and large farmers (more than two-thirds of our farmers are marginal farmers with less than 1 hectare of land, who take only 20 per cent of institutional loans, and owe the rest to private lenders, which the waiver programme will not touch). So some politicians are now paying attention to the politically successful Rythu Bandhu example of income support to Telangana farmers (at about Rs 10,000 per hectare). All this distress arises directly or indirectly from India’s singular failure in creating enough secure jobs. The farm distress is ultimately because of low productivity (due to lack of enough irrigation, cold storage and extension services, apart from the effects of climate change), and the low-earning farmers themselves want to move to non-farm jobs. This has been a failure of all political parties over many decades. The absence of secure jobs is also behind agitations on job reservations even by dominant castes (Marathas, Patidars, Jats, Kapus) and various incidents of hateful violence and minority lynchings. Task of creating a sufficient number of secure jobs a long-term project. One idea is that of a Universal Basic Income Supplement (UBIS), which avoids some of the problems for loan waivers and farm income support per hectare, and also some of the administrative and perverse incentive problems of most insurance schemes. What about the fiscal cost of the UBIS? We know that the highly defective loan waiver programme, if applied to all states in India, will easily cost more than Rs 4 trillion. The feasibility of UBIS, depends on the political will to increase the tax-GDP ratio, and (assuming that none of the existing major anti-poverty programmes will be significantly scaled down) to cut down on various subsidies largely enjoyed by the better-off sections of the population. Way forward It has been estimated that the latter subsidies (for the central and state governments together) currently come to about 6 per cent of GDP; another 6 per cent of GDP is in the form of “revenues foregone” in the central budget. All this adds to about 10 per cent of GDP. But at least a quarter of these resources can pay for a decent UBIS for everybody to start with, give it only to women, which will halve the cost. The potential is there to tax (and reduce the subsidies for) the better-off and address India’s staggering problem of economic insecurity. Connecting the dots: Will a universal basic income work in India? Discuss the pros and cons, and challenges of implementing universal basic income (UBI) in India. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following pairs and select the correct pair/s from the code given below: Heritage Site : : Associated State Mahabalipuram : : Tamil Nadu Aalampur Temple : : Andhra Pradesh Bhimbetka rock shelters : : Madhya Pradesh Khajuraho : : Maharashtra Code: 1 and 2 only 1 and 3 only 1, 2 and 3 1, 2, 3 and 4 Q.2) Consider the following with regard to “Adopt a Heritage” programme: The scheme is a collaborative effort between the Ministry of Tourism, Ministry of Culture and Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), and State/UTs It aims to involve public sector companies, private sector companies and corporate citizens/individuals to adopt the sites. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) Other than poaching, what are the possible reasons for the decline in the population of Ganges River Dolphins? Construction of dams and barrages on rivers Getting trapped in fishing nets accidentally Use of synthetic fertilizers and other agricultural chemicals in crop-fields in the vicinity of rivers Select the correct answer using the code given below 1 and 2 only 2 and 3 only 1 and 3 only All of the above Q.4) Which of the following statements are correct regarding recently launched ‘Adopt a Heritage scheme’? The scheme has been launched by Ministry of Tourism. Indian tourists visiting a heritage site are promoted to adopt that site and contribute for the development and maintenance of the site. Tourists adopting one site will have to keep the picture of that site as their social media display picture in order to promote tourism in the region. Select the code from following: 1 only 2 and 3 1 and 3 All of the above Q.5) ‘Monument Mitras’ refers to: An NGO which works closely with Archaeological Survey Of India for the protection of Historical Monuments. Public or private or Individual who adopts the heritage sites / monuments via bidding. A battalion of territorial army raised for protection of heritage sites / monuments. Government appointed tourist guides in heritage sites. MUST READ  Snooping or saving? on proposed online surveillance The Hindu Are India’s laws on surveillance a threat to privacy? The Hindu  The numbers don’t add up  Indian Express The evolving role of a secretary  Indian Express From aid to trade Indian Express  An attempt to understand and contextualise farmer suicides Livemint Levelling the playing field for online vendors Livemint

Daily Current Affairs [IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam] – 27th December 2018

Daily Current Affairs [IAS UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam] – 27th December 2018 Archives (PRELIMS + MAINS FOCUS) Andhra Pradesh, Telangana to have separate High Courts Part of:  GS Prelims and Mains II – Indian Polity; High Courts In news: President Ram Nath Kovind ordered the separation of the “common” Hyderabad High Court into the separate High Courts of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana. Both will function separately from January 1, 2019. Do you know? Article 214 of the Constitution provides for a High Court for each State. The principal seat of the Andhra Pradesh High Court is Amaravati, the capital of the State. The High Court in Hyderabad will function separately as the High Court of the State of Telangana. The Constitution of India provides for a high court for each state, but the Seventh Amendment Act of 1956 authorized the Parliament to establish a common high court for two or more states or for two or more states and a union territory. The territorial jurisdiction of a high court is co-terminus with the territory of a state. Similarly, the territorial jurisdiction of a common high court is co-terminus with the territories of the concerned states and union territory. Animal in news: olive ridley turtles Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Environment and Biodiversity; Animal Conservation In news: Odisha forest department is all set to add another olive ridley mass nesting site to its wildlife map. Bahuda rookery is being developed as a possible olive ridley mass nesting site. Do you know? Rushikulya rookery in Odisha is a major mass nesting site of olive ridleys on the Indian coastline. Olive ridley eggs incubate on their own by the heat of the sand under which they are buried. The hatchlings come out in 45 to 50 days and after that the covering of the eggs decompose and mix with the sand. Important Value Addition Unique mass nesting behavior Only two species of marine turtles display a unique mass nesting behavior. This behavior is known as an ‘arribada’. Arribada- Spanish term meaning arrival; a mass nesting behavior. An arribada is a unique nesting phenomenon common to both the Olive ridley and the Kemp’s ridley sea turtle. This reproductive phenomenon was first observed by the scientific community in 1961. By producing large numbers of offspring most organisms like sea turtles can insure their survival even after predation occurs. The Olive ridley is endemic to the Pacific coasts of Mexico, Central America, and India. It is known to be a nocturnal nester. The Kemp’s ridley is endemic to the Gulf of Mexico. It ranges from Galveston, Texas to Tampico, Mexico. Kemp’s ridley turtles display unique diurnal arribadas. Olive Ridley: IUCN Status-Vulnerable Major nesting sites in Odisha: The Gahirmatha beach The mouth of the Debi river The Rushikulya rookery coast in the Ganjam district The Gahirmatha beach is the largest mass nesting site for olive ridley turtles along the Indian coastline, followed by the rookery at the mouth of the Rushikulya river. Anti-trafficking Part of: GS Prelims and Mains II – Government schemes and policies for vulnerable section; Women and Children issue; Welfare/Social issue About: Immoral Traffic (Prevention) Act (ITPA), 1986 – It is the primary law on trafficking for the purpose of sexual exploitation. It punishes offences including procuring a person for the purpose of prostitution, living on the earnings of prostitution of another person and keeping or using a brothel. Do you know? Voluntary adult sex work is not illegal in India under certain circumstances, such as when a woman provides the service in her own home without any solicitation. The United Nations (UN) World Day against Trafficking in Persons is observed every year to raise awareness of the plight of human trafficking victims, and promote and protect their rights. It is observed on 30th July. Concern: Currently, there is absence of a clear distinction between the victims of sexual exploitation or human trafficking and persons who voluntarily opt to provide sex to make a living. Russia successfully tests hypersonic missile Part of: GS Prelims – International affairs; Defence/Security In news: Russia has a new type of strategic weapon which would render existing missile systems obsolete. Intercontinental “Avangard” system would be ready for use from 2019. The hypersonic missile could fly at 20 times the speed of sound and manoeuvre up and down, meaning that it could breach defence systems. Do you know? The final test was conducted after U.S. President Donald Trump announced plans to pull out of a key Cold War-era nuclear weapons pact, the three-decade-old Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty (INF). Bimal Jalan to head six-member panel on RBI’s economic capital framework Part of: GS Prelims and Mains III – Indian Economy and issues related to it In news: RBI constituted a Skilled Committee on Financial Money Framework. The Committee will be headed by Bimal Jalan. The panel will come to a decision on the suitable measurement of reserves that the RBI ought to preserve and the dividend it ought to give to the governing administration. The committee will also review best practices followed by the central banks globally in making assessment and provisions for risks, to which central bank balance sheets are subjected. Person in news: Jyoti Randhawa and Mahesh Virajdar Why in news? International golfer Jyoti Randhawa was arrested for allegedly poaching variety of endangered species in a forest range in Uttar Pradesh. National shooter Mahesh Virajdar was also arrested. A dead fowl and hides of Sambhar deer and boar were seized. They were charged under the Wildlife Protection Act, 1972, and the Indian Forest Act, 1927. Person in news: Chitran Namboodirippad Why in news? Chitran Namboodirippad (who is aged 99) trekked in the Himalayas for the 29th time this month and aims to do it again next year. He is a Kerala resident and former Additional Director of the Kerala Education Department. What is the secret of his fitness and sharp memory? “Moderation in food, words and lifestyle,” he says. He is a strict vegetarian, goes for a walk every day, and does yoga. (MAINS FOCUS) INTERNATIONAL TOPIC:General studies 2 Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting India’s interests India and its neighborhood relations Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on India’s interests India’s foreign policy: For more regional integration Context: If South Asia is one of the world’s least integrated regions, India is considered to be one of the world’s least regionally-integrated major powers. Structural impediments (posed by both India and its neighbours) in fostering regional integration: India’s ideational disinclination towards its neighbourhood Successive regimes have considered the neighbourhood as an irritant and challenge, not an opportunity. India’s policies have failed to display a sense of belonging to the region or a desire to work with the neighbourhood for greater integration and cooperation. Relations and ties have become more transactional, impatient and small-minded towards our neighbourhood which has, as a result, restricted our space for manoeuvre in the regional geopolitical scheme of things. Absence of a coherent and well-planned regional policy India’s past policies have ensured a steady decline in its influence and goodwill in the region. There is a persistent absence of a coherent and well-planned regional policy. India’s foreign policy planners therefore need to reimagine the country’s neighbourhood policy before it is too late. India’s faltering diplomacy India has failed to build strong friendships with its neighbours. One of the major reasons for India’s growing unpopularity in the regional capitals is its increasing tendency to interfere in the domestic affairs of its smaller neighbours, either citing security implications or to offset the target country’s unfriendly strategic choices. Despite making an impressive start with its neighbourhood-first policy, the Modi government is increasingly battling resentment in the region. It tried to interfere with the Constitution-making process in Nepal and was accused of trying to influence electoral outcomes in Sri Lanka. While India’s refugee policy went against its own traditional practices, it was found severely wanting on the Rohingya question, and seemed clueless on how to deal with the political crisis in the Maldives. Current trend: 2018 seems to have brought some good news from the regional capitals – Arrival of an India-friendly Ibrahim Mohamed Solih regime in Male. Return of Ranil Wickremesinghe as Sri Lankan Prime Minister is to India’s advantage too. Nepal has reached out to India to put an end to the acrimony that persisted through 2015 to 2017. Bhutan, Myanmar and Bangladesh are also positively disposed towards India. Relationship with Pakistan continues to be testy and directionless. Crux – New Delhi has a real opportunity today to recalibrate its neighbourhood relations. What India should avoid while dealing with a sensitive neighbourhood? India must shed its aggression and deal with tricky situations with far more diplomatic subtlety and finesse. The ability of diplomacy lies in subtly persuading the smaller neighbour to accept an argument rather than forcing it to, which is bound to backfire. India should keep in mind that meddling in the domestic politics of neighbour countries is a recipe for disaster, even when invited to do so by one political faction or another. Preferring one faction or regime over another is unwise in the longer term. New Delhi must not fail to follow up on its promises to its neighbours. It has a terrible track record in this regard. There is no point in competing with China where China is at an advantage vis-à-vis India. India simply does not have the political, material or financial wherewithal to outdo China in building infrastructure. Hence India must invest where China falls short, especially at the level of institution-building and the use of soft power. The way ahead: What India should do? India should invest a great deal more in soft power promotion. For example, India could expand the scope and work of the South Asian University (SAU) and ensure that its students get research visas to India without much hassle. If properly utilised, the SAU can become a point for regional integration. New Delhi must also look for convergence of interests with China in the Southern Asian region. There are several possible areas of convergence, including counter terrorism, regional trade and infrastructure development. For example, any non-military infrastructure constructed by China in the region can also be beneficial to India while it trades with those countries. India must shed its zero-sum style foreign policy-making, and work towards South Asian integration. New Delhi must invest in three major policy areas – Better regional trading arrangements: India should offer better terms of trade for the smaller neighbours, construct border infrastructure and ease restrictions on such border trade. Forge effective multilateral arrangements: Preference should be to deal with neighbours on multilateral forums. For instance, resurrecting the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC). India must have a coherent and long-term vision for the neighbourhood: Connecting the dots: What are the roadblocks to greater economic and regional integration with India’s neighbours? Lack of regional integration will affect the prospect of both economic growth and development of all the South Asian countries and particularly of India. Do you agree? Discuss. The current ‘neighbourhood policy’ of India with an overdose of bilateralism is one of the main roadblocks for South Asian integration. Critically comment. SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY TOPIC:General studies 3 Science and Technology- developments and their applications and effects in everyday life Achievements of Indians in science & technology; indigenization of technology and developing new technology. Technology as an agent of social change Context: If there is one thing that has defined the past 10 years, it has been the unprecedented growth of technology, especially use of mobiles. Technology is all-over and has become the source of fundamental transformation in our society. It is creating inclusivity for many, instead of exclusivity for the few. Role of Technology Technological developments driving inclusive growth Thanks to a series of policy initiatives and landmark judicial decisions, there has been a significant push towards inclusive growth. From opening bank accounts to financial health, from school enrolment to learning outcomes, technology has played an important role. However, issues like ease and affordability of owning a home, right to privacy and data protection have taken centre stage. Technological developments are driving entrepreneurship in a big way A new wave of purpose-driven entrepreneurs is bringing innovative business models to improve the lives of the aspiring middle and lower-income Indians. They will define the future of Indian entrepreneurship over the next few decades. Biggest drivers of social impact Mobile phone is one of the biggest drivers of social impact in India. With more mobile phone penetration and declining data costs, both businesses and governments can easily reach populations that they could not before. Today entrepreneurs can provide a range of services (access to information, education, healthcare, financial services, transportation, jobs and government services etc) via the mobile phone to the people who were previously been excluded or underserved. Conclusion: Despite India’s major strides over the last decade, a young and aspiring India wants even more rapid change. Increasingly, people from different walks of life are now confidently stepping up to tackle some of India’s most difficult challenges. They believe that India’s growth and prosperity should benefit not just the “top of the pyramid” but all Indians. Their focus is on the underserved, excluded and disempowered in an India that is becoming increasingly digital. Over the next five years, 500 million Indians are going to come online for the first time through their mobile phones, a population we refer to as the Next Half Billion. Coming decade will offer an even bigger opportunity and technology entrepreneurs should focus on helping every Indian create a better life. Connecting the dots: Discuss how technology is an agent of social change. Discuss its positive and negative aspects. (TEST YOUR KNOWLEDGE) Model questions: (You can now post your answers in comment section) Note: Featured Comments and comments Up-voted by IASbaba are the “correct answers”. IASbaba App users – Team IASbaba will provide correct answers in comment section. Kindly refer to it and update your answers. Q.1) Consider the following statements Olive ridley and Kemp ridley are the only two species of marine turtles that display a unique mass nesting behaviour ‘arribada’. They are endemic to the Pacific coasts of Mexico, Central America, and India. Select the correct statements 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Which of the following statements are correct regarding Ujjawala scheme? It is a comprehensive scheme to prevent trafficking of women and children for commercial/sexual exploitation. The aim is to facilitate the rescue of victims and place them in safe custody. To facilitate the repatriation of cross border trafficking victims. Select the code from following: 1 and 2 2 and 3 All of the above None of the above Q.3) Consider the following statements regarding High Courts of India In India, every state has a High Court in its territory. The Constitution of India provides for a High Court for each state. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct? 1 only 2 only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) The United Nations (UN) World Day against Trafficking in Persons is observed every year to raise awareness of the plight of human trafficking victims, and promote and protect their rights. It is observed on 28th December 29th December 30th July 31st January MUST READ Abandoned on the battlefield The Hindu  Bill of wrongs Indian Express Strangers in our midst Indian Express The state in contention Indian Express

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 141]

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 141] Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Himalayan Griffon’ It is an Old World vulture in the family Accipitridae It is extinct in India Select the correct code: 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) ‘Shailesh Nayak Committee’ is concerned with Coastal Zone Regulations Rate Hole Mining Merchandise Exports from India Non-Performing Assets Q.3) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘K2-236b’ It has a mass of about 27 Earth Mass and size of 6 Earth Radii It was discovered by India Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.4) ‘Clearing-House Mechanism’ is associated with Convention on Biological Diversity CITES International Solar Alliance Brasilia Declaration Q.5) Consider the following terms ENCORE-18 XPL-18 SHIKSHA-18 It is associated with Medicines developed by AYUSH GM Crops developed by Punjab University Missiles developed by DRDO None of the above To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba

Motivational Articles

Creative Guidance – Handling Stress – Inspirational Educative Articles

Handling Stress: If we actually reflect on it, we can see that stress has been a part of our lives all along. We came into this world writhing and screaming in stress and pain. What can be more stressful than taking birth! We have lived in some kind of stress all of our lives since then. The most important thing we need to understand about stress is that it is not a genetic defect, chemical imbalance or a result of some extraordinary trauma that we have experienced. Stress is a natural part of our lives. There is no need to treat stress as some extraordinary ailment. Having said this, we don’t have to live with stress for the rest of our lives. The very functioning process of the mind causes us stress. Mind pushes us along the journey of life by constantly setting expectations and trying to attain to them. When the expectations are met, we experience a sense of happiness and relaxation, and when the expectations are not met, we experience stress and anxiety. This is the simple mechanism of stress. All forms of stress are simply components of our expectations and the varying degrees to which they are not met. This is why anybody can get stressed; rich, poor, smart, dumb, beautiful, ugly, successful, unsuccessful – all kinds of people can get stressed because stress is a result of the expectations we set for ourselves. This is the reason why it is so easy to get stressed about our finances. Unlike emotions and other experiences of life, numbers don’t have a grey area. With numbers, we always clearly know whether our expectations are met or not, hence it is extremely easy to get stressed about numbers. A drop in 10 rupees to 9 rupees can cause just about as much stress as a drop in 10,000 rupees to 9,000 rupees if we don’t know how to handle stress. Learning how to deal with our expectations and our constantly expecting mind is the key to learning how to handle daily stress and anxiety. We know very well that we cannot stop expecting, otherwise there would be no reason for us to wake up in the morning and look forward to the new day. Expecting is a part of our reality and we don’t have to change it. What we can do instead is become aware of our expectations. This can be done only at the moment when an expectation is being set; neither before nor after. If we are fully alert and conscious to the process of expectation setting, we can detach ourselves from the impact of its results. This might sound like a very simplistic solution, but it works every time. “This article is a part of the creative endeavor of Inner Revolution and IASBABA.”

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IAS Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 140]

UPSC Quiz - 2019 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz [Day 140] Archives Q.1) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘Lytein River’ It runs a course through the Ladakh It flows along the entire length of Pakistan to merge into the Arabian Sea Select the correct code: 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.2) Consider the following statements about ‘Sambar’ It is native to the Indian subcontinent only It is listed as ‘Least Concern’ on the IUCN Red List Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.3) ‘Katarniaghat Wildlife Sanctuary’ is located in Uttar Pradesh Nepal Uttarakhand West Bengal Q.4) Consider the following statements with respect to ‘North-East Industrial Development Scheme (NEIDS) 2017’ It includes reimbursement up to the extent of Central Govt. share of CGST and IGST for 5 Years from the date of commencement of commercial production by the unit The industrial unit set up under the scheme can claim Reimbursement of Centre's share of income tax for first 5 years including the year of commencement of commercial production by the unit. Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 Q.5) Consider the following statements and identify the correct ones: RBI transfers the surplus funds to the government after keeping all provisions and contingency buffers, according to its statutory mandate under Section 47 of the RBI Act. Central Government has formed Bimal Jalan committee to review the RBI’s existing economic capital framework (ECF). Select the correct statements 1 Only 2 Only Both 1 and 2 Neither 1 nor 2 To Download the Solution - Click here All the Best  IASbaba