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IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 11th October 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   CAN INDIA ESCAPE MIDDLE-INCOME TRAP?  Syllabus Mains – ECONOMY Context: The World Development Report 2024 — authored by the World Bank — calls attention to the phenomenon of the “middle-income” trap, or the slowing down of growth rates as incomes increase. Background: – Over the last 34 years, only 34 middle-income economies — defined as economies with per capita incomes between $1,136 and $13,845 — have transitioned to higher income levels. Key takeaways The WDR details the policies and strategies necessary to break the trap based on the experiences of countries that did manage the transition. It highlights the importance of the “3i” approach: investment, infusion, and innovation. Economies must invest, ensure the infusion of new global technologies, and develop an environment conducive to domestic innovation. Role of the state Most countries that broke the trap were part of the European Union which facilitated growth and mobility of capital and labour for its members. Such institutions that aid free factor mobility are not available for most countries. An important non-European country that managed to escape the trap is South Korea. The South Korean state was heavily interventionist, often directing the private sector’s activities and ensuring their participation in an export-driven growth model. Successful companies were rewarded with access to new technologies and supportive measures, while firms that did not perform were allowed to fail. Another economy that broke the trap was Chile. But it too, saw state intervention in ensuring the success of natural resource exporting sectors. The salmon industry, for instance, succeeded in Chile due to the targeted intervention of the state to ensure that the industry flourished. The South Korean government’s approach carries significant lessons. The state must be seen as being neutral amongst private players and ensuring those who do not make the mark are allowed to fail. The benefits firms receive from the state must be based on performance instead of closeness to power. The presence of powerful business houses can promote growth provided they invest, ensure the adoption and infusion of new technologies, and innovate. The pitfalls South Korea’s success was built on manufacturing exports; such a strategy is not possible now. World export growth has slowed, with demand slowing down. Several countries have turned to protectionism due to perceived job loss. Several countries have been hit by ‘premature deindustrialisation’. Modern economies face a reduction in the income share of manufacturing at much lower levels of GDP compared to previous economies. Manufacturing is no longer an engine of growth for developing economies, and it remains to be seen whether the service sector is strong enough to break the trap. Challenges facing India The power of billionaires in the Indian economy has increased, and they are seen as being close to the state, with the state unable — or unwilling — to ensure high rates of investment from domestic capital. The manufacturing sector has stagnated, and there has been a reversal of the process of structural transformation, with employment increasing in agriculture and in low-productive forms following the pandemic. While the government estimates a real GDP growth of around 7% in recent years, wages have not kept up. Wage earners have seen little to no real wage growth. An economy cannot break a middle-income trap if workers are unable to partake in the growth process, as reduced consumption demand will become a drag. South Korea’s export strategy was overseen by a military government that ruled till the 1980s. Chile deposed the democratically elected government of Salvador Allende by a coup. It is vital not to take the wrong lessons and think that democracy is an acceptable price to pay for higher growth. The challenge for policy is to promote state intervention to ensure growth while maintaining the sanctity of the democratic ethos. Source: The Hindu ETHICAL LESSONS FROM THE LIFE OF RATAN TATA  Syllabus Mains – GS 4 Context: Former Tata Group Chairman Ratan Tata, whose dedication to integrity and social upliftment touched the hearts of many, breathed his last on Wednesday Background: – Known for his ethical business practices and commitment to improving lives through social initiatives, Ratan Tata’s life serves as an example of how to bring change. Key values, quotes and examples from his life Kindness : Kindness is a virtue that encompasses the ability to be polite and caring towards others. It entails empathy and compassion towards others. During the 1984 anti-Sikh riots, Ratan Tata displayed extraordinary kindness by providing free trucks to Sikh survivors who had lost their vehicles and livelihoods in the violence. Tata Motors’ gesture helped these individuals rebuild their businesses and regain their livelihood at a time of immense hardship. Virtues such as kindness, empathy, and compassion play key roles in creating a positive environment, fostering a sense of safety, and building trust with others. Civil servants interact with diverse communities daily. By demonstrating empathy and kindness, they can build trust within the community. Spirit of Service: It is a quality of a person that encourages one to be committed to public service without any self motives. During the 26/11 Mumbai attacks, Ratan Tata, as Chairman of the Tata Group, led the restoration of the Taj Hotel and personally supported affected employees. He quickly established the Taj Public Service Welfare Trust to provide relief to victims and to help and rehabilitate those recovering from such tragic events in the future, demonstrating compassion and resilience in a time of crisis. Compassion: Compassion is defined as the emotional response when perceiving suffering and involves an authentic desire to help. Practicing compassion increases our well-being by enhancing a sense of connection to others. Ratan Tata is known for his love of animals, particularly dogs. A LinkedIn user shared a story of visiting Mumbai’s Taj Hotel, where she saw a dog being cared for by the staff. This act of compassion was due to Tata’s directive to treat animals kindly. Leadership: Leadership is the ability of an individual to guide and influence people. The values, decision-making style, ethics and interpersonal skills of leader profoundly influence the organization’s culture and public perception. Ratan Tata chose to work as an employee for his own company. He joined Tata in 1961 and worked on the shop floor of Tata Steel. He wanted to get hand-on-experience at the grass root level to understand the nuances and problem. “I don’t believe in work-life balance. I believe in work-life integration. Make your work and life meaningful and fulfilling, and they will complement each other.” This quote by Ratan Tata conveys that there is a need to adopt harmony in your job and personal life. Personal goals in the job and value systems in life should complement each other to give you satisfaction. Perseverance: Perseverance is continued persistence in doing what one considers to be right despite difficulties or delays in achieving the desired results. It implies unwavering steadfastness in pursuing the right course of action, even in the face of odds or failures. The Tata Nano faced multiple challenges before its launch. Initially set to be manufactured in Singur, West Bengal, protests forced Tata Motors to shift the plant to Sanand, Gujarat. Despite the setbacks, the Nano was launched in 2008. “None can destroy iron, but its own rust can. Likewise, none can destroy a person but his own mindset can”. A positive mindset is the key to success. The internal factors—negative thoughts, procrastination, self-doubt, lack of confidence, or a defeatist attitude- act as a barrier to achieving potential. Utilitarianism : Utilitarianism as a principle advocates that from an ethical point of view, an action is right if the sum total of the utilities produced by a particular act emerges greater than the sum total of utilities generated by any other act. “The greatest good for the greatest number.” said, Jeremy Bentham (the father of Utilitarianism). The Tata Nano was launched in 2008. Ratan Tata said it was “always meant for all our people”. The Nano was often referred to as India’s first ‘lakhtakia’ – a car that costs all of Rs 1 lakh, a few thousand more expensive than two-wheelers. His vision was an embodiment of utilitarianism and inclusivity. Philanthropy – Social Responsibility The Tata Trust, under Ratan Tata, has expanded to reflect a deep sense of social responsibility. “I admire people who are very successful. But if that success has been achieved through too much ruthlessness, then I may admire that person less”. Success at what cost, should be a prime question to be asked. Role modeling and admiration of a person’s achievement should not be based on materialistic gains especially if it is inhumane. Source: Indian Express ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – INTERNATIONAL Context: Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Thursday said he looked forward to the deliberations with world leaders as he arrived in Laos for a two-day visit to attend the ASEAN-India and East Asia summits. Background: – Modi will participate in the 21st ASEAN-India and the 19th East Asia summits. About ASEAN Established: August 8, 1967, in Bangkok, Thailand through the signing of the ASEAN Declaration (Bangkok Declaration). Founding Members: Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand. Current Membership: 10 countries – Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Laos, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. Secretariat: Jakarta, Indonesia. Objectives: To accelerate economic growth, social progress, and cultural development in the region. To promote regional peace and stability through respect for justice, rule of law, and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter. To promote active collaboration and mutual assistance in areas of common interest. Key Principles: motto is “One Vision, One Identity, One Community”. Non-interference in the internal affairs of member states. Peaceful settlement of disputes. Respect for sovereignty and territorial integrity. Promotion of a zone of peace, freedom, and neutrality. Key Initiatives and Agreements: ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA): Launched in 1992 to promote trade liberalization among member states. ASEAN Economic Community (AEC): Established in 2015 to integrate member states into a single market and production base. Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP): A mega trade agreement involving ASEAN countries and five dialogue partners (China, Japan, South Korea, Australia, New Zealand; India opted out of RCEP). ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF): Platform for dialogue on security issues in the Asia-Pacific. Significance: Economic Powerhouse: ASEAN collectively forms one of the world’s largest economies, with diverse markets and significant trade relations. Strategic Importance: Located at the crossroads of major global sea routes, the region is critical for international trade and maritime security. India-ASEAN Relations: India has a strong strategic and economic partnership with ASEAN under the “Act East Policy” focusing on enhancing connectivity, trade, and security cooperation. Challenges: Internal Diversity: Wide variations in political systems, economic development, and internal policies among ASEAN members. South China Sea Disputes: Territorial conflicts involving China and several ASEAN members, notably Vietnam and the Philippines. Balancing Superpowers: ASEAN must navigate the competing influences of China and the United States in the region. India-ASEAN Engagements: India became a sectoral dialogue partner of ASEAN in 1992 and a full dialogue partner in 1996. ASEAN-India Summit is held annually since 2002. Trade in Goods Agreement (AITIGA): The AITIGA was signed in Bangkok in 2009, and entered into force on January 1, 2010. Trade in Services Agreement: The ASEAN-India Trade in Services Agreement was signed in November 2014. Investment Agreement: The ASEAN-India Investment Agreement was signed in November 2014. Source: The Hindu LIVING PLANET REPORT  Syllabus Prelims & Mains- ENVIRONMENT Context: The 2024 Living Planet Index report is out. Background: The Living Planet Report stresses the need for a collective global effort to tackle the dual crises of climate change and biodiversity loss. About Living Planet Report The Living Planet Report is a comprehensive biennial publication by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) that assesses the state of the planet’s biodiversity, ecosystems, and the impact of human activity on the natural world. Key Findings Biodiversity Decline: The 2024 report highlights a staggering 73% decline in wildlife populations on average since 1970. This decline is tracked using the Living Planet Index, which monitors thousands of vertebrate species populations globally. When a population falls below a certain level, that species may not be able to perform its usual role within the ecosystem – whether that’s seed dispersal, pollination, grazing, nutrient cycling or many other processes that keep the ecosystem functioning, the report says. In India, the decline of three vulture species – white-rumped vulture, Indian vulture, and slender-billed vulture, has been alarming, WWF said. Ecosystem Health: The report provides a detailed analysis of various ecosystems, including forests, oceans, and freshwater systems, showing significant degradation and loss of habitat. Human Impact: It emphasizes the role of human activities such as deforestation, pollution, climate change, and overexploitation of resources in driving biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation. Major Themes Climate Change: The report underscores the urgent need to address climate change, which is exacerbating biodiversity loss and pushing ecosystems towards dangerous tipping points. Nature-Based Solutions: It advocates for nature-based solutions to mitigate climate change and restore ecosystems, such as reforestation, sustainable agriculture, and conservation efforts. Sustainable Development: The report calls for integrating biodiversity conservation into sustainable development goals and policies to ensure a balanced approach to economic growth and environmental protection. Source: Indian Express FORTIFIED RICE  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: The Union Cabinet recently extended the universal supply of fortified rice in all central government schemes providing free food grain under the National Food Security Act, 2021, in its present form, until December 2028. Background: – The cost of rice fortification is around Rs 2,700 crore per annum — less than 2% of India’s annual total food subsidy bill. About Rice Fortification The Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) defines fortification as “deliberately increasing the content of essential micronutrients in a food so as to improve the nutritional quality of food and to provide public health benefit with minimal risk to health”. India has very high levels of malnutrition among women and children. According to the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5) conducted between 2019 and 2021, anaemia remains a widespread issue in India. Besides iron deficiency, other vitamin and mineral deficiencies, such as Vitamin B12 and folic acid, also persist, impacting the overall health and productivity of the population. Fortification of food is considered to be one of the most suitable methods to combat malnutrition. Rice is consumed by about two-thirds of the population. Per capita rice consumption in India is 6.8 kg per month. Various technologies, such as coating, dusting, and ‘extrusion’, are available to add micronutrients to regular rice. The last mentioned technology involves the production of fortified rice kernels (FRKs) from a mixture using an ‘extruder’ machine. It is considered to be the best technology for India. Dry rice flour is mixed with a premix of micronutrients, and water is added to this mixture, which is then passed through a twin-screw extruder with heating zones. Kernels similar in shape and size to rice are produced, which, as per Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution guidelines, must “resemble the normal milled rice as closely as possible”. The kernels are dried, cooled, and packaged. FRK has a shelf life of at least 12 months. The kernels are blended with regular rice to produce fortified rice. Fortified rice is packed in jute bags with the logo (‘+F’) and the line “Fortified with Iron, Folic Acid, and Vitamin B12”. Source: Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Which of the following statements about Fortified Rice in India is/are correct? Fortified rice in India is enriched with Iron, Folic Acid, and Vitamin B12 to combat widespread malnutrition. The ‘extrusion’ technology is considered the most suitable method for producing fortified rice kernels in India. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: a) Only 1 b) Only 2 c) Both 1 and 2 d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) Consider the following statements regarding the Living Planet Report: The Living Planet Report is published by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and assesses global biodiversity health. It measures trends in global wildlife populations, using the Living Planet Index as its key indicators. The report highlights the impact of human activities on wildlife populations, including habitat loss, climate change, and over-exploitation. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Consider the following statements regarding the Middle-Income Trap: The Middle-Income Trap refers to the economic stagnation that countries often face when they reach a certain level of per capita income, struggling to transition to high-income status. The phenomenon is mainly caused by a lack of democracy. South Korea is an example of a country that successfully avoided the Middle-Income Trap. Which of the above statements is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  11th October 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  10th October – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  b Q.2) – d Q.3) – d

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 11th October 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 10th October 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 10th October 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   EMPOWERING LOCAL BODIES FOR EFFECTIVE URBAN GOVERNANCE  Syllabus Mains – POLITY & GOVERNANCE Context: In August-September, heavy rains impacted cities across Gujarat, especially Vadodara, where flooding, power outages, and waste-filled streets crippled the city. While residents criticized the Vadodara Municipal Corporation, the local body worked tirelessly to mitigate the damage, underscoring the crucial role of urban local bodies (ULB’s). Background: – ULBs include Municipal Corporations, Municipalities, and Nagar Panchayats. They are responsible for urban governance and providing essential services like waste management, sanitation, and urban planning. Historical Context: Pre-colonial: Informal governance structures which varied based on the city’s primary activities (religious town or trading town). Colonial Era: British established city institutions like Improvement Trusts (e.g., in Bombay, Calcutta) for urban sanitation. First Municipal Body: Established in Madras (1687), followed by Bombay and Calcutta. The improvement trusts were tasked with the responsibility of cleaning up the city and ensuring that epidemics were prevented. Lord Ripon’s Resolution: In 1882, Lord Ripon (often called as father of local self-government in India) introduced the resolution for local-self governments, thereby laying the foundations of a democratically elected municipal government to manage cities. Post-Independence Evolution: After independence, municipal corporations continued to evolve but faced major obstacles with a growing population and limited infrastructure. They were heavily reliant on their respective state governments for financial and operational support. 74th Constitutional Amendment Act (1992): Gave constitutional recognition to ULBs as the third tier of governance. Part IX-A: Details the composition, roles, and powers of ULBs. 12th Schedule: Lists 18 functions devolved to ULBs (e.g., urban planning, public health). The amendment mandated elections every five years, with municipal councillors elected from local constituencies (wards). While the elected mayor serves as the ceremonial head, real executive power rests with the municipal commissioner, a state-appointed bureaucrat. Challenges Faced by ULBs: Financial Constraints: ULBs lack sufficient revenue sources. Property taxes and state government funding are the primary revenue streams. Initiatives like municipal bonds remain rare due to lack of expertise. Political Autonomy: Mayors have limited executive power compared to municipal commissioners. State governments often exert control through funding and legislative changes (e.g., Bihar Municipality Amendment Bill, 2024). Personnel and Expertise Shortage: ULBs face low state capacity, with a significant shortage of urban planners and technical experts (1 planner per 75,000 people). Indian cities will need 3 lakh planners by 2031. International Comparison: Global Cities: Mayors in cities like London and New York have significant power over policies, including housing, transportation, and infrastructure. Example: London’s Mayor controls Transport for London (TfL). TfL is responsible for improving mobility and accessibility in London. It is also in charge of implementing the Mayor’s sustainable transport plan whereby 80 per cent of trips in London shall be on foot, cycle or public transport by 2040. The Way Forward: Greater Financial Autonomy: ULBs should raise revenue through market measures (bonds, securities) and user charges (parking fees, congestion charges). Participatory Budgets: Allow residents to decide how taxes are used, increasing local problem-solving. Improved Technical Expertise: ULBs need to recruit more experts and planners to tackle complex urban challenges like floods and heat islands. Decentralized Governance: According to the principle of subsidiarity, local issues should be managed by ULBs, minimizing reliance on state or central governments. Source: Indian Express STRUGGLING TEXTILE INDUSTRY  Syllabus Mains – GS 3 Context: Union Minister for Textiles recently said that the Indian textile and apparel sector is aiming for a total business of $350 billion annually by 2030. However, the industry went through a tumultuous phase during the last two financial years, casting a shadow on the possibility for growth. Background: – Several MSME textile mills downed their shutters as there is no demand. What is the status now? In FY22, India was the third largest textile exporter globally, enjoying a 5.4% share. India is also said to have the second largest manufacturing capacity, with capability across the value chain. The sector’s contribution to GDP is close to 2.3% (FY21) and 10.6% of total manufacturing Gross Value Added (GVA) in FY23. About 105 million people are employed by the textile and garment units, directly and indirectly. For an industry that has 80% of its capacity spread across MSMEs and is sensitive to global markets, FY2021-2022 saw tremendous growth with $43.4 billion exports. However, slowdown in demand that started in 2022-2023 only worsened in FY24 with a slump in exports and domestic demand. This impacted manufacturing clusters severely. Tamil Nadu, which has the largest spinning capacity in the country, saw the closure of nearly 500 textile mills in the last two years. Why did exports slump? Geopolitical developments and a slump in demand in buying countries hit the exporting units. This was exacerbated by high raw material prices of both, cotton and Man Made Fibres (MMF), and the growing import of fabrics and garments. The imposition of a 10% import duty on cotton has made Indian cotton more expensive compared to international prices. In the case of MMF, introduction of quality control orders has disturbed raw material availability and price stability. The industry is repeatedly demanding removal of the import duty on cotton at least during the off-season months of April to October. What are the other challenges? Apart from policy issues, the industry is also staring at disruptions in its traditional business systems. Direct retailing to customers through e-commerce is a trend with more startups entering this space. Foreign brands are fast-tracking the adoption of ESG (Environmental, Social, & Governance) sustainability across the supply chain. They are defining sustainability targets and want to source from vendors who will meet these targets. Further, there is a rise in comfort wear, loungewear, and athleisure as the emphasis on comfortable clothing has increased among consumers. Source: The Hindu TOOLS TO DESIGN PROTEINS, PREDICT STRUCTURE WIN 2024 CHEMISTRY NOBEL  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: The 2024 Nobel Prize for chemistry was jointly awarded to David Baker for his work on computational protein design and to Demis Hassabis and John Jumper for developing technologies to predict the structure of proteins. Background: – The chemistry prize concerns two areas in the field of protein research: design and structure. Why are proteins important? All life requires proteins and all proteins are made of amino acids. While there are many types of amino acids in nature, only 20 of them in different combinations make up all the proteins in the human body and in most life-forms. Amino acids are found in tissues — like muscles, skin, and hair — that provide structural support; they’re catalysts in biochemical reactions; move molecules like oxygen across membranes; control muscle contraction that lets us move and have our hearts beat; and help cells communicate with each other to perform tasks. What is the protein-folding problem? A protein has many identities and one of them depends on the arrangement of its amino acids in the three dimensions of space — in other words, its 3D structure. And scientists have spent decades trying to understand how proteins attain these structures. In 1962, John Kendrew and Max Perutz won the Nobel for elucidating the first 3D models of haemoglobin and myoglobin, both proteins, using X-ray crystallography. (This method reveals a crystal’s structure based on how its constituent atoms scatter X-rays. For this the proteins need to be purified and crystallised first). A year earlier, Christian Anfinsen had found that a protein’s 3D structure is governed by the sequence of amino acids in the protein, and won the 1972 chemistry Nobel. Notable breakthrough arrived in 1969 when scientists found that a protein doesn’t try to bend into different shapes before settling into its final one. Instead it somehow knows the shape it needs to have and rapidly folds itself to acquire it. The mysterious nature of this ‘knowledge’ of the protein is called the protein-folding problem. By the late 2010s, scientists had worked out the structures of around 1.7 lakh proteins — a large number yet still small compared to the roughly 200 million proteins in nature. This situation changed drastically around 2018. What is AlphaFold? Hassabis co-founded DeepMind in 2010 and which Google acquired. Here, Hassabis and his colleagues unveiled AlphaFold in 2018. AlphaFold is a deep-learning model able to predict the structures of almost all proteins after training on the set of known structures. DeepMind launched its successor AlphaFold 2 in 2020, when it was able to predict the structure of proteins with an accuracy comparable to that of X-ray crystallography. Jumper led the work on AlphaFold 3. This model is able to predict the structures of various proteins as well as how two proteins and/or a protein and another molecule might interact. Given enough computing power, these machine-learning models are capable of deducing the 3D shapes of most proteins in a matter of hours. However, these machines have not been able to say why a protein prefers a particular structure. What is protein design? Baker, who received the other half of chemistry Nobel, developed tools that scientists use to design new proteins with specific shapes and functions. His first notable work was in 2003, when he led a team to create a novel protein and determined its structure using a bespoke computer program they had developed in 1999 called ‘Rosetta’. The ability to design proteins has far-reaching implications. For example, in 2022, Baker’s team developed an antiviral nasal spray to treat COVID-19. At its heart were proteins the team designed using computational methods in the laboratory to stick to vulnerable sites on the viral surface and target the spike protein. Source: The Hindu MALABAR EXERCISE  Syllabus Prelims – CURRENT EVENT Context: The 28th edition of the multi-national maritime exercise MALABAR 2024 commenced on Wednesday in Andhra Pradesh’s Visakhapatnam. Background: The exercise is aligned with the Indian Government’s vision of Security & Growth for All in the Region (SAGAR) and reflects India’s growing engagement with like-minded nations. About Malabar Exercise The Malabar Exercise is a significant annual naval exercise that involves the navies of India, the United States, Japan, and Australia. Inception: The Malabar Exercise began in 1992 as a bilateral exercise between the Indian Navy and the United States Navy. Expansion: Japan became a permanent participant in 2015, and Australia joined in 2020, transforming it into a quadrilateral exercise. Objectives Interoperability: The primary goal is to enhance interoperability among the participating navies through joint training and operations. Maritime Security: It aims to promote maritime security and stability in the Indo-Pacific region. Strategic Coordination: The exercise focuses on strategic and operational coordination to counter regional threats and ensure a rules-based maritime order. Structure of the Exercise: The exercise is typically divided into two phases: Harbour Phase: This phase includes planning conferences, professional exchanges, and cultural events. It allows the navies to plan and coordinate their activities. Sea Phase: This phase involves complex naval drills, including anti-submarine warfare, air defense exercises, surface warfare drills, and live weapon firing. Malabar 2024 Host: India is hosting the Malabar Exercise in 2024, with activities centered around Visakhapatnam. Activities: The exercise includes live weapon firing, complex surface operations, anti-air and anti-submarine warfare drills, and joint maneuvers involving a range of naval assets. Significance Regional Security: Malabar plays a crucial role in maintaining the security dynamics of the Indo-Pacific region, especially in counterbalancing China’s growing influence. Cooperation: It fosters mutual understanding and cooperation among the participating nations, enhancing their ability to work together in times of crisis. Source: Deccan Herald ATAL PENSION YOJANA  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: Atal Pension Yojana (APY) has achieved a new milestone with gross enrolments under the scheme having crossed 7 crore. Background: – This milestone was achieved with an enrolment of enrolment of over 56 lakh in the current Financial Year, i.e., FY 24-25 About Atal Pension Yojana (APY) APY was launched on May 9, 2015 with an aim to create a universal social security system for all Indians, especially the poor, the underprivileged and the workers in the unorganised sector. The scheme is administered by the Pension Fund Regulatory and Development Authority (PFRDA) Eligibility APY is applicable to all citizen of India aged between 18-40 years. Account Requirement: A savings account with an authorized bank or post office is necessary. Subscriber Contribution: Contributions can be made monthly, quarterly, or half-yearly, and the amount depends on the age of joining and the desired pension amount. Pension Benefits APY’s design focuses on ensuring a guaranteed minimum pension to subscribers upon reaching the age of 60, based on their contributions during their working years. Pension Amount: Subscribers can choose a fixed monthly pension of ₹1,000, ₹2,000, ₹3,000, ₹4,000, or ₹5,000, which starts after they reach 60 years of age. Nomination: It is mandatory to appoint a nominee for the APY account. In case of death of subscriber pension would be available to the spouse and on the death of both of them (subscriber and spouse), the pension corpus would be returned to his nominee. Tax Benefits: Contributions to the APY qualify for tax benefits under Section 80CCD(1) of the Income Tax Act. Source: Hindu Businessline Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements regarding the Malabar Exercise: The Malabar Exercise started as a trilateral exercise between India, Japan, and the United States in 1992. Australia became a permanent participant of the Malabar Exercise in 2020. The Malabar Exercise focuses on enhancing maritime security and interoperability among participating navies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q2.) Consider the following statements regarding the protein-folding problem and AlphaFold: A protein’s three-dimensional structure is determined by the sequence of amino acids in the protein. AlphaFold is a machine-learning model developed by DeepMind to predict the structure of proteins with accuracy comparable to X-ray crystallography. AlphaFold 3 can predict the interaction between two proteins. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 1 and 3 only c) 2 and 3 only d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) Consider the following statements regarding the Atal Pension Yojana (APY): APY is applicable to all Indian citizens aged between 18-40 years. Subscribers are guaranteed a fixed monthly pension of ₹1,000 to ₹5,000 upon reaching the age of 60, depending on their contribution. Contributions to APY are eligible for tax benefits under Section 80CCD(1) of the Income Tax Act. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 only b) 2 only c) 1 and 3 only d) 1, 2 and 3 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  10th October 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  9th October – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  c Q.2) – b Q.3) – b

IASbaba's Daily Current Affairs

DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 9th October 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   WASTE-TO-ENERGY  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Big cities are yet to clear any land in half of their legacy landfill sites, with only 38% of the total dumped waste being remediated so far. It underscores the need for more effective strategies and resources to overcome the obstacles in waste remediation, and draws attention to the significance of waste-to-energy technologies. Background: – While waste remediation involves processes that clean up and rehabilitate contaminated land, waste-to-energy technologies convert non-recyclable waste materials into usable forms of energy, such as electricity or heat. Traditional to Modern Waste Management: Key Insights The Industrial Revolution (mid-18th century) marked the beginning of large-scale waste generation due to industrial production. Traditional waste management involved direct disposal into landfills, oceans, or remote areas, which is now unsustainable due to environmental impacts. Definition of Waste: According to the UN Statistical Division, waste refers to materials that are no longer useful for production, transformation, or consumption and are meant for disposal. Global Waste Generation: Currently, global waste production is 1.3 billion tonnes annually and is projected to rise to 2.2 billion tonnes by 2025, making waste management a critical global concern. Waste-to-Energy Technologies: Waste-to-energy technologies serve two purposes: (a) managing large-scale waste generated from household, municipal and industrial activities and, (b) meeting the rising energy demands. Simply put, ‘waste-to-energy refers to a series of technologies that convert non-recyclable waste into some usable forms of energy’. They align with UN SDG 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy) and SDG 11 (Sustainable Cities and Communities) and promote the circular economy. Conversion Processes: Thermochemical Technologies: Include incineration, pyrolysis, and gasification for energy recovery from waste. Incineration: Common method for treating heterogeneous waste by burning it at high temperatures in a specific kind of furnace called incinerators. This technique is appropriate for wastes with high caloric value as well as for non-hazardous municipal waste. Pyrolysis: Breaks down waste without oxygen to produce fuels (char, pyrolysis oil, syngas). It is an old technology that was used to produce charcoal from wood. Gasification: Decomposes carbon-rich waste to produce syngas. Pyrolysis and gasification are better suited for homogenous waste types. Biochemical Technologies: Use biological processes for organic waste (kitchen/garden). Anaerobic Digestion: is appropriate for organic waste where micro-organisms break down material in the absence of oxygen. One of the end-products is biogas. This method can occur naturally or can be engineered in bio-digesters and sanitary landfills. Landfilling: Composting and landfilling involve burying of waste accompanied by deploying landfill gas recovery systems. Although landfilling is less expensive, it is environmentally detrimental due to the release of toxic and obnoxious gases. Waste-to-Energy in India: The first plant was established in Delhi in 1987. As of 2022, India has 12 operational plants. Despite policies from the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy, power generation from waste remains minimal, at just 554 MW (0.1% of total energy generated). There is a perception that waste-to-energy plants have failed in India. Commonly cited reasons are administrative delays in getting approval as well local opposition This happened in the case of the Bandhwari plant proposed in Gurugram in Haryana in 2021. Other reasons include extremely heterogeneous, unsegregated and poor quality of waste which requires excessive pre-treatment and increases the fuel requirement making the entire process expensive and unviable. Global best practices (e.g., Denmark’s hedonistic sustainability) could be adapted in India. Source: Indian Express AMAZON RIVER  Syllabus Prelims – GEOGRAPHY Context: The Amazon River, battered by back-to-back droughts fueled by climate change, is drying up, with some stretches of the mighty waterway dwindling to shallow pools only a few feet deep.   Background: – Water levels along several sections of the Amazon River, fell last month to their lowest level on record, according to figures from the Brazilian Geological Service. About Amazon river The Amazon River, located in South America, is the second longest river in the world, after the Nile, with a length of approximately 6,400 kilometers. It flows through Peru, Colombia, and primarily Brazil, discharging into the Atlantic Ocean. The Amazon Basin, the largest drainage basin in the world, covers about 7 million square kilometers, accounting for nearly 40% of South America’s landmass. The extensive lowland areas bordering the main river and its tributaries, called várzeas (“floodplains”), are subject to annual flooding, with consequent soil enrichment; however, most of the vast basin consists of upland, well above the inundations and known as terra firme. More than two-thirds of the basin is covered by an immense rainforest, which grades into dry forest and savanna on the higher northern and southern margins and into montane forest in the Andes to the west. Hydrological Significance: The Amazon carries more water than any other river on Earth, accounting for approximately 20% of the world’s fresh river water. It has the largest discharge of any river, with an average flow of about 209,000 cubic meters per second. The river is fed by over 1,000 tributaries, with the Rio Negro, Madeira, and Tapajós being the largest. Biodiversity: The Amazon River and its surrounding rainforest support one of the most biodiverse ecosystems in the world. It is home to a variety of species including the Amazon river dolphin (Boto), piranhas, electric eels, and more than 2,500 fish species. The Amazon rainforest, nourished by the river, houses around 10% of all known species, playing a crucial role in global biodiversity. Source: NewYork Times ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: On October 8, John Hopfield and Geoffrey Hinton won the 2024 Nobel Prize for physics for foundational discoveries and inventions that enable machine learning with artificial neural networks. Background: – Their work lies at the roots of a large tree of work, the newest branches of which we see today as artificially intelligent (AI) apps like ChatGPT. What are Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)? Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are computational models inspired by the human brain’s neural networks. They are composed of layers of interconnected artificial neurons that process data in a way that mimics human learning. ANNs are the foundation for many AI applications, particularly those involving pattern recognition, data analysis, and decision-making. Structure of ANNs Neurons and Layers: ANNs consist of interconnected units called neurons, organized into layers. There are typically three types of layers: Input Layer: Receives the initial data. Hidden Layers: Perform computations and feature extraction. Output Layer: Produces the final result or prediction. Types of ANNs Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs): The simplest type, where connections do not form cycles. Data moves in one direction from input to output. Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs): Specialized for processing grid-like data such as images. They use convolutional layers to automatically and adaptively learn spatial hierarchies of features. Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs): Designed for sequential data, such as time series or natural language. They have connections that form cycles, allowing them to maintain a memory of previous inputs. Autoencoders: Used for unsupervised learning, these networks aim to learn a compressed representation of the input data. Applications of ANNs Image and Speech Recognition: CNNs are widely used for tasks like identifying objects in images and recognizing spoken words. Natural Language Processing (NLP): RNNs and their variants, such as LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) networks, are used for language translation, sentiment analysis, and more. Healthcare: ANNs assist in diagnosing diseases, predicting patient outcomes, and personalizing treatment plans. Finance: Used for stock market prediction, fraud detection, and risk management Source: The Hindu MAJOR ATMOSPHERIC CHERENKOV EXPERIMENT (MACE) OBSERVATORY  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: The Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment (MACE) Observatory was inaugurated on October 4, 2024, in Hanle, Ladakh. Background: MACE Observatory is a monumental achievement for India, and it places our nation at the forefront of cosmic-ray research globally. About MACE OBSERVATORY Located at Hanle, Ladakh, at an altitude of approximately 4,300 meters, making it the highest imaging Cherenkov telescope in the world. Significance: It is the largest imaging Cherenkov telescope in Asia. Built By: Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) with support from the Electronics Corporation of India Ltd (ECIL) and other Indian industry partners. Purpose and Functionality The MACE Observatory is designed to study high-energy gamma rays. Gamma rays do not reach the Earth’s surface but interact with the atmosphere to create high-energy particles that emit Cherenkov radiation. The telescope captures these flashes to trace them back to their cosmic sources. Scientific and Socio-Economic Impact Research: The telescope will advance cosmic-ray research, allowing scientists to study phenomena such as supernovae, black holes, and gamma-ray bursts. Community Engagement: The project also aims to support the socio-economic development of Ladakh, encouraging local students to pursue careers in science and technology. Unique Advantages Location Benefits: Hanle offers extremely low light pollution, which is ideal for gamma-ray observations. Its longitudinal position allows MACE to observe sources that are not visible from other parts of the world. About Cherenkov radiation Cherenkov radiation is a fascinating phenomenon that occurs when a charged particle, such as an electron, travels through a dielectric medium (like water or glass) at a speed greater than the phase velocity of light in that medium. Physical Origin Speed of Light in Medium: While the speed of light in a vacuum is a universal constant (approximately (3 \times 10^8) meters per second), it slows down when it passes through a medium like water or glass. For instance, light travels at about 75% of its speed in a vacuum when in water. Charged Particles: When charged particles (e.g., electrons) move faster than the speed of light in that medium, they emit Cherenkov radiation. Mechanism Electromagnetic Shockwave: This radiation is analogous to a sonic boom, which occurs when an object exceeds the speed of sound in air. Similarly, Cherenkov radiation is an electromagnetic shockwave produced when a particle exceeds the speed of light in a medium. Appearance Blue Glow: Cherenkov radiation typically appears as a faint blue glow. This is because the emitted photons are in the blue and ultraviolet part of the electromagnetic spectrum. Historical Context Discovery: The phenomenon was first observed by Soviet physicist Pavel Cherenkov in 1934. He noticed a faint blue light around a radioactive preparation in water. Nobel Prize: Pavel Cherenkov, along with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm, received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1958 for their theoretical explanation of this effect. Applications Nuclear Reactors: Cherenkov radiation is commonly observed in the water surrounding nuclear reactors, where it serves as a visual indicator of high-energy particles being emitted. Particle Detectors: Cherenkov detectors are used in particle physics to identify high-speed charged particles. These detectors are crucial in experiments involving cosmic rays and high-energy physics. Medical Imaging: Recent advancements have explored the use of Cherenkov radiation in medical imaging, particularly in radiotherapy, where it helps visualize the distribution of radiation doses. Source: PIB NILGIRI TAHR  Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: In a significant breakthrough for conservation efforts, a newly colonised habitat of Nilgiri Tahr has been discovered in Pasumalai. Background: – Surrounded by shola forests and abandoned coffee estates, the area has potential grassland cover atop hillocks and cliffs, providing the Tahr with necessary escape terrains – critical for their survival. About Nilgiri tahr  The Nilgiri tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocrius) is a unique species of mountain ungulate endemic to the Nilgiri Hills and the southern portion of the Western and Eastern Ghats in the states of Tamil Nadu and Kerala in southern India. Physical Description Appearance: Nilgiri tahrs are stocky goats with short, coarse fur and a bristly mane. Males are larger and darker than females, with both sexes having curved horns. They develop a light grey area on their backs, earning them the nickname “saddlebacks”. Habitat and Distribution Location: The Nilgiri tahr inhabits the open montane grassland habitats of the South Western Ghats montane rain forests ecoregion, at elevations ranging from 1,200 to 2,600 meters . Range: The Nilgiri tahr can be found only in India. Historically, they were found along the entire stretch of the Western Ghats, but now they are confined to small fragmented pockets. Currently, the Nilgiri tahr distribution is along a narrow stretch of 400 km in the Western Ghats between Nilgiris in the north and Kanyakumari hills in the south of the region. Though there are smaller populations found in the Palani hills, Srivilliputtur, and the Meghamalai and Agasthiyar ranges, only two well-protected, large populations are documented — one from the Nilgiris and the other from the Anamalais, including the high ranges of Kerala. The Eravikulam National Park in Anamalai hills, Kerala, is home to the largest population of the Nilgiri tahr, with more than 700 individuals. Diet: Nilgiri tahrs are primarily grazers, feeding on a variety of grasses, herbs, and shrubs. Behavior: They are well-adapted to their rugged, mountainous habitat, with cloven hooves that help them climb rocks and steep slopes. Conservation Status Threats: The Nilgiri tahr faces several threats, including habitat loss due to deforestation, competition with domestic livestock, hydroelectric projects, and monoculture plantations. Occasional hunting for their meat and skin also poses a threat. Species is listed as Endangered in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species and is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972. The Nilgiri tahr is the only mountain ungulate in southern India amongst the 12 species present in India. It is also the state animal of Tamil Nadu. Source: New Indian Express Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) Consider the following statements regarding the Nilgiri tahr: The Nilgiri tahr is the only mountain ungulate found in southern India. The largest population of the Nilgiri tahr is found in the Eravikulam National Park in Kerala. The species is listed as Critically Endangered on the IUCN Red List. The Nilgiri tahr is protected under Schedule I of the Wildlife (Protection) Act of India, 1972. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? (a) 1 and 2 only (b) 2, 3, and 4 only (c) 1, 2, and 4 only (d) 1 and 4 only Q2.) With reference to the Major Atmospheric Cherenkov Experiment (MACE) Telescope, which of the following statements is/are correct? It is located at Hanle in Ladakh and is the largest imaging Cherenkov telescope in Asia. The telescope is designed to study high-energy gamma rays that directly reach the Earth’s surface in large amounts. MACE Telescope was built by the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC) in collaboration with other Indian industry partners. Select the correct answer using the codes given below: (a) 1 only (b) 1 and 3 only (c) 2 and 3 only (d) 1, 2, and 3 Q3.) The Amazon River, located in South America, is one of the most significant river systems in the world. Consider the following statements about the Amazon River: The Amazon River is the longest river in the world. It accounts for about 20% of the world’s fresh river water discharge. The Amazon Basin covers more than 70% of South America’s landmass. The Amazon River is primarily fed by major tributaries, including the Rio Negro, Madeira, and Tapajó Which of the above statements are correct? a) 1 and 3 only b) 2 and 4 only c) 1, 2, and 4 only d) 2, 3, and 4 only Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  9th October 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  8th October – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  c Q.2) – a Q.3) – c

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 9th October 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here  

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DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 8th October 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   MicroRNAs  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine was awarded to Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun by the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm, Sweden. The scientists won the esteemed prize for the discovery of microRNA and its role in post-transcriptional gene regulation Background: – Chairperson of the Nobel Committee for Physiology or Medicine 2024, said that there are no clear applications of miRNAs yet. Understanding them is the first step towards further research. What are microRNAs? MicroRNAs, or miRNAs, are small, non-coding molecules of RNA. They are typically around 19-24 nucleotides long and play an important role in determining how much messenger RNA (mRNA), which carries genetic information, eventually gets translated into protein. The body makes proteins in a complex process with two broad steps. In the transcription step, a cell copies a DNA sequence into messenger RNA (mRNA) in the nucleus. The mRNA moves from the nucleus, through the cell fluid, and attaches itself to the ribosome. In the translation step, another type of RNA called transfer RNA (tRNA) brings specific amino acids to the ribosome, where they are linked together in the order specified by the mRNA to make the protein. Micro RNA, or miRNA, regulates the production of proteins by bonding with and subsequently silencing the mRNA at an appropriate juncture. The process is called post-transcriptional gene regulation. Nobel-winning research: a brief history Ambros and Ruvkun studied a roundworm, Caenorhabditis elegans which, despite its small size, had specialised cell types such as nerve and muscle cells. Ambros and Ruvkun studied two mutant strains, lin-4 and lin-14, both of which exhibited abnormalities – their genetic programming that controls development was not functioning as expected. Ambros’ previous research proved that lin-4 suppressed the activity of lin-14, but could not tell how it did so. The biologists individually researched how lin-4 affected the activity of lin-14. Ambros analysed the lin-4 mutant and cloned the gene and found out that it produced an unusually short RNA molecule that lacked a code for protein production. The findings suggested that this small RNA molecule could be responsible for inhibiting lin-14. Around the same time, Ruvkun investigated the regulation of the lin-14 gene in his lab and found that lin-4 did not block the production of lin-14 mRNA. Since the late 1960s, gene regulation was understood as a process that determined which mRNAs are produced, and hence, how genetic information flows. Ruvkun found that the regulation of lin-14 mRNA occurred later in the gene expression process by inhibiting protein production. Ruvkon’s experiment also revealed an important segment in the lin-14 mRNA that was essential for its inhibition by lin-4. The short lin-4 sequence that Ambros discovered in his research matched complementary sequences in the critical segment of the lin-14 mRNA, which means that they can pair together like keys fit into locks. The two biologists conducted further experiments and found that lin-4 microRNA, the “unusually short” RNA molecule, attaches to lin-14’s mRNA and blocks the production of lin-14 protein. This is how microRNA was discovered. The results were not enthusiastically accepted by scientists as the behaviour was thought to be specific to C. elegans, and therefore irrelevant to complex animals. However, in 2000, Ruvkun’s research group published discovery of another microRNA, encoded by the let-7 gene. The let-7 gene is present throughout the animal kingdom. Applications A single micro-RNA can regulate the expression of many genes, and alternatively a single gene can also be controlled by multiple micro-RNAs. This leads to fine tuning of different types of cells despite similar genetic information. Abnormal regulation by microRNA can contribute to cancer, and mutations in genes coding for microRNAs have been found in humans, causing conditions such as congenital hearing loss, eye and skeletal disorders. Source: The Hindu INDIA MALDIVES RELATIONS  Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: Maldivian President Mohamed Muizzu met with Prime Minister Narendra Modi met in New Delhi. Both countries commenced a series of initiatives as bilateral relations improve post the weak phase. Background: – The Maldives is looking at a debt default as its foreign exchange reserves have dropped to $440m (£334m), just enough for one-and-a-half months of imports. Key initiatives Currency Swap Agreement: India signed a major currency swap agreement with the Maldives for $750 million, aimed at helping the Maldives manage its foreign currency crunch. RuPay Card and Infrastructure Cooperation: Agreements were signed for launching the RuPay card in the Maldives and the handover of 700 houses built with Indian assistance. Institutional Cooperation: Memorandums of understanding (MoUs) were inked between the Central Bureau of Investigation (CBI) and the Maldivian Anti-Corruption Commission, as well as between policing and judicial training institutes of both countries. Tourism and People-to-People Ties: Maldivian President Mohamed Muizzu expressed hopes for the return of Indian tourists, whose numbers had halved due to recent tensions. Economic Cooperation: Both nations agreed to explore further cooperation on trade in national currencies, and discussions on a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) were initiated. Other requests from the Maldives, including debt repayment waivers and further economic assistance, would be reviewed by India. Vision Statement: A “vision statement” was released for a comprehensive economic and maritime security partnership, which includes supporting the Maldives on the refit of its Coast Guard ship Huravee at an Indian facility. No Indian Military Personnel: There was no mention of the return of Indian military personnel to Maldives, a subject that had led to tension between New Delhi and Male, until India agreed to withdraw them and replace them with technical personnel in May 2023. India as a “First Responder”: Modi reiterated that India has always been a first responder and has played a major role in assisting Maldives, including thwarting a coup in 1988, providing emergency aid after the 2004 tsunami, and offering essential commodities and COVID-19 vaccines during recent crises. Strategic importance of Maldives Maldives’ proximity to the west coast of India (barely 70 nautical miles from Minicoy and 300 nautical miles from India’s West coast), and its location at the hub of commercial sea-lanes running through the Indian Ocean (particularly the 8° N and 1 ½° N channels) imbues it with significant strategic importance to India. Maldives is one of the key elements in India’s maritime security calculus. The security scenario in India’s periphery in the Indian Ocean is very much linked to the maritime strength of Maldives. This is the reason why India invests on Maldives’ security by training its defence forces. Estimates suggest that almost 70 per cent of Maldives’ defence training is done by India — either on the islands or in India’s elite military academies. India has trained over 1,500 Maldivian National Defence Force (MNDF) personnel in the past 10 years. The Indian Navy has given aircraft and choppers to the Maldivian defence forces for aerial surveillance. India also wants to set up a coastal radar system in Maldives, with a view to keep an eye on the activities in the Indian Ocean. Source: Hindu UNPACKING THE CENTRE’S AFFIDAVIT ON MARITAL RAPE  Syllabus Mains – GS 1 & GS 2 Context: Centre has filed an affidavit in Supreme Court, supporting Marital Rape Exception (MRE) in the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS). Background: – Section 63, Exception 2 of the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita, 2023 (Section 375, Exception 2 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860) states that ‘Sexual intercourse or sexual acts by a man with his own wife, the wife not being under eighteen years of age, is not rape.’ Centre’s Argument on Marital Rape and Critical Reflections: Differential Treatment Justification: The Centre argues that married and unmarried women are not equally placed under Article 14 (right to equality) because marriage creates a ‘continuing expectation of reasonable sexual access’. Vagueness of ‘Reasonable Sexual Access’: There is no clear definition of what ‘reasonable sexual access’ in centres argument entails. Is it subjective or objective? It raises questions on parameters like frequency and type of sexual acts. Legal Inadequacy: The argument is questionable as marriage may create various expectations (e.g., financial support), but violating those doesn’t provide immunity from criminal law. Moreover, this argument doesn’t apply to other intimate relationships like live-in partnerships, undermining its logic. Impact on Marriage and Misuse of Law: Sanctity of Marriage: The Centre claims recognizing marital rape would undermine the institution of marriage. However, there is no evidence supporting this, and it raises questions about the institution’s value if it relies on impunity for marital rape. Fear of False Allegations: Concerns about misuse are a common argument in criminal law, but sexual offences are often under-reported, and proving rape remains the real challenge. The fear of misuse is a weak argument against criminalization. Social vs. Legal Issue Argument: The Centre’s affidavit also makes the claim that marital rape is a social, not a legal issue, and, therefore, not within the Court’s jurisdiction. Given that law regulates (nearly) every aspect of human life and society, it is not clear whether and how there can be such a watertight distinction between a social and a legal issue The Centre suggests the what should or should not be a criminal offence is a legislative matter rather than judicial. On the other hand, MRE, being part of existing law, is subject to constitutional scrutiny under Part III of the Constitution. The Court’s jurisdiction includes assessing the constitutionality of MRE and determining if it infringes on fundamental rights. Source: The Hindu INDIA SLIPPED ON ACADEMIC FREEDOM INDEX OVER THE PAST DECADE  Syllabus Mains – GS 2 Context: Over the past 10 years, India has plummeted on the academic freedom index ranks, according to the “Free to Think 2024” annual report published by the Scholars at Risk (SAR) Academic Freedom Monitoring Project. Background: Scholars at Risk (SAR) is a network of 665 universities across the globe, including Columbia University, Duke University, and New York University. About Scholars at Risk (SAR SAR’s mission is to protect scholars who face threats to their lives, liberty, and well-being. SAR advocates for academic freedom and works to raise awareness about the importance of protecting scholars and their work. Services and Support Temporary Academic Positions: SAR arranges short-term academic positions at member institutions for at-risk scholars. These positions typically last from 6 months to 2 years, allowing scholars to continue their research and teaching in a safe environment. Advisory and Referral Services: SAR provides guidance and referrals to scholars in need, helping them navigate their situations and find appropriate support. Key takeaways from Free to Think 2024 report : The report notes that India’s academic freedom slipped from 0.6 points to 0.2 points from 2013 to 2023. In India, the most pressing threats to the academic freedom of students and scholars included the ruling Bharatiya Janata Party’s efforts to exert political control and impose a Hindu nationalist agenda on universities and university policies limiting student protest, the report states. According to the Academic Freedom Index, India now ranks as “completely restricted”, its lowest score since the mid-1940s. The report highlights some instances of the Indian government putting in stringent measures on campuses. Many restrictions: Both Jawaharlal Nehru University and South Asian University announced new policies restricting student expression. While JNU barred students from protesting near academic buildings, SAU barred students from protesting on campus at all. The reporting period saw the BJP-led Union government battle with State governments over the control of higher education. In Kerala, Governor Arif Mohammed Khan fought with the State government over a legislative amendment that would have him replaced as the Chancellor of the State’s universities. In April 2024, the Kerala government filed an appeal in the Supreme Court against the action of President Droupadi Murmu withholding assent to the proposed amendment. Similar battles for control of higher education took place in other States, including Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, and Punjab, the report points out. Source: The Hindu DRY PORTS  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: Telangana will soon have dry port facilities to boost logistics services for its industries. Background: – Logistics is the backbone of industrial development. Key takeaways A dry port is an inland terminal directly connected to a seaport by road, rail, or waterways. It functions as a multimodal logistics hub where goods are handled, stored, and cleared for customs, thus extending the capabilities of seaports. An exporter can complete all customs formalities at the dry dock, saving time and cost. Purpose: Reduce Congestion at Seaports: By handling container traffic away from the seaport, dry ports help reduce congestion at major ports. Facilitate Trade: They provide efficient customs clearance and reduce time for cargo processing, thus facilitating faster and cheaper trade. Enhance Connectivity: Dry ports improve connectivity between the hinterland and international trade gateways by integrating various transport modes like road, rail, and waterways. Functions: Cargo Handling: Sorting, labeling, packing, and distribution of goods. Customs Clearance: Enables customs inspections and procedures inland, reducing the burden on seaports. Warehousing and Storage: Offers facilities for long-term storage of goods. Logistics and Distribution: Acts as centers for regional and international distribution of cargo. Importance for India: Improves Trade Efficiency: Dry ports help in faster cargo movement, making India’s export-import system more efficient. Boosts Hinterland Connectivity: Enhances the connection of remote areas with international trade, contributing to balanced regional development. Supports ‘Make in India’: By providing logistics solutions, dry ports support India’s manufacturing sector by ensuring smooth supply chains. Cost Reduction: Reduces transportation costs by minimizing delays and streamlining logistics operations. Examples in India: Concor’s Inland Container Depots (ICDs): Located at places like Tughlakabad (Delhi), Dadri (Uttar Pradesh), and Whitefield (Bangalore). Jawaharlal Nehru Port Dry Port: Near Jalna, Maharashtra, which improves connectivity for industries in central India. Source: Hindu Businessline Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to Dry Ports, consider the following statements: Dry ports help in reducing congestion at seaports by handling customs clearance and cargo operations inland. Dry ports play a critical role in boosting India’s regional development by improving connectivity between remote areas and international trade hubs. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q2.) With reference to microRNAs (miRNAs), consider the following statements: MicroRNAs are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression by degrading mRNA or inhibiting its translation. MicroRNAs function in gene regulation at the transcriptional level. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Q3.) With reference to the Scholars at Risk (SAR) network, consider the following statements: Scholars at Risk (SAR) is an international network that aims to protect scholars and promote academic freedom globally. SAR provides temporary academic positions to scholars who face threats in their home countries due to their work. Which of the above statements is/are correct? (a) 1 only (b) 2 only (c) Both 1 and 2 (d) Neither 1 nor 2 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  8th October 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  7th October – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  c Q.2) – a Q.3) – b

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DAILY CURRENT AFFAIRS IAS | UPSC Prelims and Mains Exam – 7th October 2024

Archives (PRELIMS & MAINS Focus)   PROGERIA  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY Context: Sammy Basso, who was the longest living survivor of the rare genetic disease progeria, has died at the age of 28. Background: – There are only 130 recognised cases of classic progeria worldwide, of which four are in Italy. What is Progeria? Progeria, also known as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), is a rare genetic disorder characterized by accelerated aging in children. It results from a mutation in the LMNA gene, which produces the lamin A protein, essential for maintaining the structural integrity of cell nuclei. The mutation leads to the production of an abnormal form of lamin A, known as progerin, which causes cells to become unstable and age prematurely. Key Symptoms: Rapid aging in early childhood (usually between 1-2 years). Physical characteristics: Growth failure, loss of body fat and hair, aged-looking skin, stiffness of joints, and cardiovascular diseases. Intellectual development remains normal. Life expectancy is approximately 13 to 15 years, primarily due to complications like cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis. Death often occurs from heart attacks or strokes. Diagnosis and Treatment: Diagnosis involves genetic testing for the LMNA mutation. No definitive cure, but symptomatic treatments include heart medications, physical therapy, and low-dose aspirin to prevent strokes. Lonafarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, has been approved by the FDA to help manage some symptoms and extend life expectancy. Research and Advances: Research is focused on understanding the mechanism of progerin accumulation and finding treatments to reduce its effects. Stem cell research and gene therapy offer potential for future treatments. Source: Reuters INTERNATIONAL BIG CAT ALLIANCE (IBCA)  Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: Recently, the Union cabinet approved the proposal of India to become a member country of the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) by signing and ratification of the Framework Agreement on the establishment of the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA). Background: – The International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) is a global initiative launched by India in April 2023 during the 50th anniversary of Project Tiger. About International Big Cat Alliance The Union cabinet in its meeting held on February 29 approved the establishment of International Big Cat Alliance with Headquarters in India with a one-time budgetary support of ₹150 crore for a period of five years from 2023-24 to 2027-28. So far four countries have become member of IBCA including India, Nicaragua, Eswatini and Somalia. All UN member countries are eligible for becoming the member of IBCA. Concept and Objectives: A multi-country, multi-agency coalition of big cat range and non-range countries, conservation partners, scientific organizations, business groups, and corporates. Aims to establish networks, synergies, and a centralized repository of best practices, personnel, and financial resources to strengthen big cat conservation efforts. Focused on arresting the decline of big cat populations and reversing the trend. Mission: Foster mutual cooperation among countries for big cat conservation. Support knowledge sharing, capacity building, networking, advocacy, finance, and research. Integrate big cat conservation with sustainable development and climate resilience. Approach: Multipronged Strategy: Broad-based linkages in areas like knowledge sharing, capacity building, research, advocacy, and technical support. Education and awareness campaigns targeting youth and local communities. Use big cats as symbols for sustainable development and livelihood security. Synergies and Partnerships: Collaborative platform for sharing gold-standard conservation practices. Access to centralized technical know-how and financial resources. Strengthen species-specific transnational initiatives on conservation. Align biodiversity policies with the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Sectoral Integration: Promote biodiversity integration into agriculture, forestry, tourism, and infrastructure. Support sustainable land-use practices, habitat restoration, and ecosystem-based conservation approaches. Contribute to climate change mitigation, food security, clean water, and poverty reduction. Governance Structure: Assembly of Members, Standing Committee, and Secretariat. Governance framework modeled on the International Solar Alliance (ISA). Director General (DG) appointed by MoEFCC as Interim Head, until formal appointment during IBCA Assembly. Source: Indian Express INSOLVENCY AND BANKRUPTCY CODE ISSUES  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ECONOMY Context: India’s G20 Sherpa Amitabh Kant’s call for reforms in India’s insolvency resolution framework to cut delays and boost creditor recovery is latest in the growing chorus for making the Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) more effective. Background: – In the recent past, various stakeholders, including RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das and the Parliament’s Standing Committee on Finance, also flagged concerns and the need to rethink the IBC’s design. Reforms in India’s Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code (IBC) – Key Issues and Recommendations Introduced in 2016, the IBC aimed to rescue and reorganize distressed companies through a time-bound process, prioritizing their survival as going concerns. Despite fostering credit discipline, the IBC is facing delays, high case backlog, and steep haircuts for creditors, affecting its efficiency. Delays in Resolution Process: Average time for resolution at NCLT increased to 716 days in FY24 (up from 654 days in FY23), against the prescribed timeline of 330 days. The Standing Committee on Finance (Feb 2024) highlighted delays in admission and their impact on the value of stressed assets. RBI Governor Shaktikanta Das flagged admission delays, citing an average time of 468 days (FY21) and 650 days (FY22), eroding asset value. Impact of Delays on Debt Recovery: Inverse relationship between resolution time and recovery rate: Resolved within 330 days: 49.2% recovery of admitted claims. Resolved in 330–600 days: 36% recovery. Resolved after 600 days: 26.1% recovery. Delays push cases towards liquidation, with 44% of closed cases ending in liquidation by March 31, 2024. Steep Haircuts for Creditors: Ravi Mital, IBBI Chairperson, noted that creditors often approach IBC too late, with cases already losing over 50% of their value before admission. 84% recovery is possible when measured against the fair value, but delays reduce this figure significantly. Legal and Procedural Challenges: The NCLT often takes months to admit cases despite a 14-day timeline stipulated by law. The Supreme Court (2022) ruled that the 14-day timeline for admission is procedural, granting NCLT discretion to consider circumstances beyond just the default. This leads to further delays and uncertainty in the process. Key Concerns and Recommendations: Need for second-generation reforms to address procedural delays, personnel shortages, and bottlenecks in judicial infrastructure. Clarification of key legal principles, particularly regarding the Committee of Creditors’ (CoC) commercial judgment and priority of claims. Focus on timely case admission to prevent value erosion and ensure IBC serves its purpose of reorganization rather than liquidation. Source: Indian Express BIG CATS  Syllabus Prelims – ENVIRONMENT Context: National Wildlife Week is celebrated from October 2 to October 8. Big cats have drawn attention in India as government is steering ahead with multiple initiatives like cheetah reintroduction and big cat alliance. Background: India is home to five of the seven big cats: the tiger, lion, leopard, snow leopard, and cheetah, except for the puma and jaguar. Tiger (Panthera Tigris) Panthera tigris tigris, the continental tiger, and Panthera tigris sondaica, the Sunda tiger, are the two recognised subspecies of tigers. According to the fifth cycle of the All India Tiger Estimation 2022 summary report, India is home to about 3,167 tigers, accounting for more than 70 per cent of the world’s wild tigers. Steps taken towards conservation Indian Board for Wild Life (IBWL) Project Tiger: It was a centrally sponsored scheme launched in 1973. The Wildlife Crime Control Bureau and the National Tiger Conservation Authority (NTCA) were established as statutory agencies after the amendments in the Wildlife (Protection) Act in 2006. International Big Cats Alliance (IBCA) Lion (Panthera Leo) Most sociable when compared to other big cat species, they are found in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, a tiny population of Asiatic lions in India’s Gir National Park, and a severely endangered subpopulation in West Africa. Because of their remarkable adaptability, lions can live in a broad range of environments, such as semi-arid desert regions, dense shrubbery, dry forests, and floodplains. They usually like open savannas since it is simpler for them to stalk their prey there. August 10 is World Lion Day — an annual event started by Big Cat Rescue, the largest accredited big cat sanctuary in the world. Conservation efforts Project Lion: It was announced on August 15, 2020, ‘Project Lion’ is a pivotal initiative aimed at securing the future of Asiatic lions through comprehensive, long-term conservation efforts. The project focuses on creating and maintaining a sustainable environment where lions can survive. Greater Gir Concept: The concept involves developing additional habitats for lions beyond Gir National Park and Wildlife Sanctuary. There are various other wildlife sanctuaries suitable for lions like Girnar, Pania, and Mitiyala. Leopard (Panthera Pardus) There are nine species of leopards, which are found in both Asia and Africa. The leopard, the smallest of the big cats, is well known for its ability to adapt to a variety of settings. This species is a nocturnal mammal, they can hunt at night. The leopard is not among the species for whom a “species-specific conservation program” has been defined because there is no evidence that the species is at risk of going extinct in the country. The “Status of Leopards in India, 2022” report states that there were 13784 leopards in India in 2022 compared to 12,852 in 2018. According to the report, Central India and Eastern Ghats have the highest population of leopards (8,820), followed by the Western Ghats (3,596), and the Shivalik Hills and Gangetic Plains (1,109). The maximum population of leopards is found in Madhya Pradesh (3907) followed by Maharashtra (1985), and Karnataka (1879). Snow leopard (Panthera uncia) Known as “Ghost of the Mountains”, they can climb steep hills while their rear legs help them to leap over six times of their own length of the body. They have a long tail which helps them in balancing their body. The mountainous regions of twelve Asian countries—Afghanistan, Bhutan, China, India, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Mongolia, Nepal, Pakistan, Tajikistan, and Uzbekistan—make up the habitat range of the snow leopard. Snow Leopards are found in Ladakh, Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh. Cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) Cheetahs can walk with a long stride because of their long, slender limbs, solid foot pads, and flexible spine. They have a body specially designed to enable them to achieve peak speeds. It can accelerate from 0 to 100 km/h in 3 seconds, making it the only cat without retractable claws. They have quirky eyesight which helps them to find prey in the daytime. The species prefer grasslands found in Asia and Africa. The Indian government officially declared the cheetah extinct in 1952. Earlier in 2022, the Government of India decided to introduce the Cheetah, the only large carnivore species that went extinct in Independent India. The re-introduction of the African Cheetahs was done to Kuno National Park and later Gandhi Sagar Wildlife Sanctuary. Both are situated in Madhya Pradesh. The landscape of these sanctuaries looks like Maasai Mara, a reserve known for its savanna wilderness in Africa. Black panthers (Panthera Pardus) Black panthers are “melanistic” members of the Panthera genus rather than being a separate species. Panthera also includes lions, tigers, leopards, jaguars, and snow leopards. Melanism is defined as the occurrence of individuals that are darker in pigmentation. There can be two reasons behind it: polymorphisms within species or consistent variation between closely related species. This melanism provides superior camouflage only in the densest and darkest forests. Jaguar and Puma These big cats are not native to India and are mainly found in the region of South America. Jaguars are distinguished swimmers, they are the largest cat in South America. WWF has been tracking the populations of the Jaguars in the Napo-Putumayo Corridor, a forest spanning through Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru. Puma (Puma concolor), sometimes referred to as a mountain lion, cougar, or panther, is the biggest of the “small cats.” They can be found in woods, prairies, wetlands, and deserts, among other types of environments. These mountain lions prefer to live in isolation which does not mean that they do not communicate with each other. Source: Indian Express SALT PAN LAND TO BE USED FOR HOMES  Syllabus Prelims & Mains – ENVIRONMENT Context: The Maharashtra government has issued a GR (Government Resolution) allocating 255 acres of salt pan land, distributed over three land parcels in Mumbai’s eastern suburbs, for the construction of rental houses in the Dharavi Redevelopment Project through a lease agreement. Background: – The decision has caused concern among environmentalists and urban planners. What are salt pans? Salt pan lands are ecologically important salt marshlands. They are low-lying areas around the shore that are used for salt cultivation. They act as holding ponds and work as a sponge for the absorption of rain. They are a coastal area’s natural defence against flooding. They help intertidal activity, and are home to diverse flora and fauna. What does the decision entail? The government has allocated 255 acres of salt pan land distributed over three land parcels — to Dharavi residents. The land parcels allocated are under the ownership of the Central government. After the Maharashtra government sought these parcels from the Centre, the Union Cabinet approved the proposal in September 2024. What are the terms for allocation of land? Four conditions have been put forth for the allocation of the land which will be given at a concessional rate of 25% of the prevailing rate. The State government will collect the land revenue from the Dharavi Redevelopment Project Private Limited (DRPPL), the special purpose vehicle (SPV), and pay it to the Central government. The DRPPL will bear the cost of resettlement of the labourers working on the land, and other incidental costs for the acquisition of the land. The DRPPL is an SPV in which an Adani Group entity holds 80% stake and the State government has a 20% stake. The land will be used for rental housing, slum rehabilitation, and affordable housing for economically weaker sections. The land will be leased to the Maharashtra government for a period of 99 years, and it cannot be used for commercial activities. What are the concerns? Impact assessment study needs to be done before opening up large packs of land for intensive activities like housing. The most important demand with respect to the Dharavi project has been for in-situ rehabilitation. Urban planners point out that handing over land parcels in different parts of the city for a developer will lead to formation of ghettos. What lies ahead? The Centre will hand over the land to the State government, which will give permission to DRPPL to go ahead with the construction after their plans are approved. For that, the DRPPL will have to seek an approval from the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. Environmentalists claim that the entire process from here on can be challenged in the court of law. Source: The Hindu Practice MCQs Daily Practice MCQs Q1.) With reference to the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA), consider the following statements: The headquarters of the International Big Cat Alliance (IBCA) is located in India. All UN member countries are eligible to become members of the IBCA. The IBCA governance framework is modeled on the International Solar Alliance (ISA). The IBCA aims to focus solely on tiger conservation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct? a) 1 and 2 only b) 2 and 4 only c) 1, 2, and 3 only d) 1, 3, and 4 only Q2.) Which of the following statements regarding big cats in India is/are correct? India is home to five of the seven big cats: tiger, lion, leopard, snow leopard, and cheetah. The leopard is part of a species-specific conservation program in India due to its endangered status. The snow leopard is commonly found in the Shivalik Hills of Northern India. The reintroduction of African cheetahs was done at Kuno National Park in Madhya Pradesh. Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1 and 4 only b) 2 and 3 only c) 1, 3, and 4 only d) 1, 2, and 4 only Q3.) Which of the following statements regarding Progeria is/are correct? Progeria, also known as Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome (HGPS), is caused by a mutation in the LMNA gene. Intellectual development in children with Progeria is severely impaired. Lonafarnib, a farnesyltransferase inhibitor, has been approved to manage some symptoms of Progeria and extend life expectancy. Progeria primarily affects life expectancy due to complications like cardiovascular diseases. Select the correct answer using the code given below: a) 1, 2, and 3 only b) 1, 3, and 4 only c) 2 and 4 only d) 1, 2, 3, and 4 Comment the answers to the above questions in the comment section below!! ANSWERS FOR ’  7th October 2024 – Daily Practice MCQs’ will be updated along with tomorrow’s Daily Current Affairs ANSWERS FOR  5th October – Daily Practice MCQs Answers- Daily Practice MCQs Q.1) –  a Q.2) – c Q.3) – a

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 8th October 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

Daily Prelims CA Quiz

UPSC Quiz – 2024 : IASbaba’s Daily Current Affairs Quiz 7th October 2024

The Current Affairs questions are based on sources like ‘The Hindu’, ‘Indian Express’ and ‘PIB’, which are very important sources for UPSC Prelims Exam. The questions are focused on both the concepts and facts. The topics covered here are generally different from what is being covered under ‘Daily Current Affairs/Daily News Analysis (DNA) and Daily Static Quiz’ to avoid duplication. The questions would be published from Monday to Saturday before 2 PM. One should not spend more than 10 minutes on this initiative. Gear up and Make the Best Use of this initiative. Do remember that, “the difference between Ordinary and EXTRA-Ordinary is PRACTICE!!” Important Note: Don’t forget to post your marks in the comment section. Also, let us know if you enjoyed today’s test 🙂 After completing the 5 questions, click on ‘View Questions’ to check your score, time taken, and solutions. .To take the Test Click Here

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